RESUMO
Calophyllum brasiliense (Clusiaceae) is a tree that grows mainly in the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. Its leaves possess antibacterial activity, cytotoxic activity against certain tumor cell lines, and antimicrobial activity in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis.Aiming to identify ultrastructural changes and DNA fragmentation in Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, promastigotes were treated with a concentration of the dichloromethane extract and coumarin (-) mammea A/BB from C. brasiliense leaves that inhibited 50â% of the parasites (IC50), and were evaluated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Ultrastructural changes showed different levels of mitochondrial alterations, including mitochondrial swelling and a reduction in the density of the mitochondrial matrix. Induced DNA fragmentation, as observed by TUNEL, suggested that the extract and coumarin (-) mammea A/BB induced apoptosis-like cell death. These results suggest that the combination of C. brasiliense extract and coumarin (-) mammea A/BB can be considered a promising candidate for the development of new antiprotozoal agents, because of its significant leishmanicidal activity.
Assuntos
Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Calophyllum/química , Cumarínicos/farmacologia , Leishmania braziliensis/efeitos dos fármacos , Leishmaniose Cutânea/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antiprotozoários/química , Antiprotozoários/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cumarínicos/química , Cumarínicos/isolamento & purificação , Fragmentação do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Leishmania braziliensis/ultraestrutura , Leishmaniose Cutânea/parasitologia , Cloreto de Metileno , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Folhas de Planta/químicaRESUMO
The herbaceous shrub Tetradenia riparia has been traditionally used to treat inflammatory and infectious diseases. Recently, a study showed that T. riparia essential oil (TrEO) obtained in summer has antileishmanial effects, although these results could be influenced by seasonal variation. This study evaluated the activity of the TrEO obtained in different seasons against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, in vitro and in vivo. The compounds in the TrEO were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; terpenoids were present and oxygenated sesquiterpenes were the majority compounds (55.28%). The cytotoxicity and nitric oxide (NO) production were also tested after TrEO treatment. The TrEO from all seasons showed a 50% growth inhibitory concentration for promastigotes of about 15 ng/mL; at 30 ng/mL and 3 ng/mL, the TrEO reduced intracellular amastigote infection, independently of season. The TrEO from plants harvested in summer had the highest 50% cytotoxic concentration, 1,476 ng/mL for J774.A1 macrophages, and in spring (90.94 ng/mL) for murine macrophages. NO production did not change in samples of the TrEO from different seasons. The antileishmanial effect in vivo consisted of a reduction of the parasite load in the spleen. These results suggest that the TrEO has potential effects on L. (L.) amazonensis, consonant with its traditional use to treat parasitic diseases.
Assuntos
Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Lamiaceae/química , Leishmania/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Antiprotozoários/isolamento & purificação , Citotoxinas/farmacologia , Feminino , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Inibidores do Crescimento/farmacologia , Técnicas In Vitro , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Leishmania/classificação , Linfonodos/parasitologia , Macrófagos Peritoneais/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos Peritoneais/parasitologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Óxido Nítrico/análise , Óleos Voláteis/química , Carga Parasitária , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Estações do Ano , Sesquiterpenos/análise , Baço/parasitologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The herbaceous shrub Tetradenia riparia has been traditionally used to treat inflammatory and infectious diseases. Recently, a study showed that T. riparia essential oil (TrEO) obtained in summer has antileishmanial effects, although these results could be influenced by seasonal variation. This study evaluated the activity of the TrEO obtained in different seasons against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, in vitro and in vivo. The compounds in the TrEO were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; terpenoids were present and oxygenated sesquiterpenes were the majority compounds (55.28%). The cytotoxicity and nitric oxide (NO) production were also tested after TrEO treatment. The TrEO from all seasons showed a 50% growth inhibitory concentration for promastigotes of about 15 ng/mL; at 30 ng/mL and 3 ng/mL, the TrEO reduced intracellular amastigote infection, independently of season. The TrEO from plants harvested in summer had the highest 50% cytotoxic concentration, 1,476 ng/mL for J774.A1 macrophages, and in spring (90.94 ng/mL) for murine macrophages. NO production did not change in samples of the TrEO from different seasons. The antileishmanial effect in vivo consisted of a reduction of the parasite load in the spleen. These results suggest that the TrEO has potential effects on L. (L.) amazonensis, consonant with its traditional use to treat parasitic diseases.