RESUMO
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are critical for the regulation of numerous biological processes. In cattle, microarray analyses identified STAT1 as a differentially expressed gene in the endometrium during the peri-implantation period. To gain new insights about STAT1 during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy, we investigated STAT1 transcript and protein expression, as well as its biological activity in bovine tissue and cells of endometrial origin. Pregnancy increased STAT1 expression on Day 16, and protein and phosphorylation levels on Day 20. In cyclic and pregnant females, STAT1 was located in endometrial cells but not in the luminal epithelium at Day 20 of pregnancy. The expression of STAT1 during the oestrous cycle was not affected by progesterone supplementation. In vivo and in vitro, interferon-tau (IFNT) stimulated STAT1 mRNA expression, protein tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation in IFNT-stimulated endometrial cells, we demonstrated an increase of STAT1 binding on interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CISH), suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 and 3 (SOCS1, SOCS3) gene promoters consistent with the induction of their transcripts. Our data provide novel molecular insights into the biological functions of STAT1 in the various cells composing the endometrium during maternal pregnancy recognition and implantation.
Assuntos
Endométrio/metabolismo , Interferon Tipo I/metabolismo , Proteínas da Gravidez/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição STAT1/metabolismo , Proteínas Supressoras da Sinalização de Citocina/metabolismo , Transporte Ativo do Núcleo Celular , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Bovinos , Células Cultivadas , Implantação do Embrião , Ciclo Estral/genética , Ciclo Estral/metabolismo , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Idade Gestacional , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Fosforilação , Gravidez , Cultura Primária de Células , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Fator de Transcrição STAT1/genética , Transdução de Sinais , Proteínas Supressoras da Sinalização de Citocina/genética , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a pulse crop of high nutritional value and high importance for sustainable agriculture and soil protection. With the objective of identifying gene-based SNPs, transcriptome sequencing was performed in order to reduce faba bean genome complexity. A set of 1,819 gene-based SNP markers polymorphic in three recombinant line populations was selected to enable the construction of a high-density consensus genetic map encompassing 1,728 markers well distributed in six linkage groups and spanning 1,547.71 cM with an average inter-marker distance of 0.89 cM. Orthology-based comparison of the faba bean consensus map with legume genome assemblies highlighted synteny patterns that partly reflected the phylogenetic relationships among species. Solid blocks of macrosynteny were observed between faba bean and the most closely-related sequenced legume species such as pea, barrel medic or chickpea. Numerous blocks could also be identified in more divergent species such as common bean or cowpea. The genetic tools developed in this work can be used in association mapping, genetic diversity, linkage disequilibrium or comparative genomics and provide a backbone for map-based cloning. This will make the identification of candidate genes of interest more efficient and will accelerate marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic-assisted breeding (GAB) in faba bean.
Assuntos
Mapeamento Cromossômico/métodos , Cromossomos de Plantas/genética , Melhoramento Vegetal/métodos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Vicia faba/genética , Agricultura/métodos , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/métodos , Fabaceae/classificação , Fabaceae/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Genômica/métodos , Sintenia , Vicia faba/metabolismoRESUMO
Homeobox genes encode important developmental control proteins. In vertebrates, those encoding the proteins of the HOX class and their most closely related families, including paraHOX and metaHOX classes, are clustered in paralogous regions (or paralogons). We show that the majority of the other homeobox genes (we called contraHOX) can also be clustered and belong to paralogons in humans. This suggests that they duplicated during vertebrate evolution along the same processes as the HOX genes. We tentatively assembled several paralogons in superparalogons. One of the superparalogons contains the contraHOX genes. These observations were extended to hundreds of genes, and allowed to describe a primary human genome paralogy map.
Assuntos
Mapeamento Cromossômico/métodos , Genes Homeobox/genética , Genoma Humano , Família Multigênica/genética , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Evolução Molecular , Ligação Genética , Humanos , FilogeniaRESUMO
Two rounds of large-scale duplications are thought to have occurred in early vertebrate ancestry; this is now known as the "2R hypothesis." They have led to the constitution of subfamilies of paralogous genes. Chromosomal regions that contain present-day paralogs (paralogous regions or paralogons) have been identified in mammals. We show that sets of paralogons (PGs) can be assembled in a tentative "human genome paralogy map" that includes all autosomes and X. A total of 14 PGs, containing more than 1600 genes, were assembled in this paralogy map. Genes that belong to the same PG are coparalogs. We show that identification of coparalogy can be used (i) to broaden data on gene mapping, (ii) to identify physical gene clusters that derive from early cis-duplications, and (iii) to speculate on coevolution and coregulation of genes sharing a common structure or function (functional clusters). Thus, coparalogy analyses should parallel phylogenetic analyses and can help draw hypotheses on gene and genome evolution.