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1.
Pract Radiat Oncol ; 14(2): 87-92, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38431371

RESUMO

Whole-brain radiation treatment is often considered for patients with leptomeningeal disease. There are limited reports of the development of radiation necrosis after whole-brain radiation treatment and fewer associating the presence of germline mutations with risk. We present a case report to highlight the need for consideration of radiosensitizing mutations when recommending radiation therapy.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Humanos , Neoplasias Encefálicas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/complicações , Irradiação Craniana/efeitos adversos , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Necrose/etiologia
2.
Pract Radiat Oncol ; 2024 May 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38810923

RESUMO

Exposure to radiation oncology (RO), which is a small and highly subspecialized field of oncology, during undergraduate or medical education is often limited. Coupled with reduced elective exposures during the COVID-19 pandemic, unsubstantiated concerns regarding the RO job market have led to a noticeable decline in residency applications and medical students who express an interest in the field. Here, we describe a summer education program piloted in our RO department at a comprehensive cancer center to provide premedical school students (ranging from high school to postbaccalaureate) early exposure to the specialty through clinical shadowing, research opportunities, journal club, and formal didactic lectures. Pre- and postprogram surveys were administered to these students to evaluate the change in knowledge in RO. A total of 8 students participated in the program. We found an increase in understanding of the specialty, high levels of interest in considering RO as a career, and positive feedback regarding the program overall. This study supports the role of early exposure and education in stimulating interest in future medical students to pursue RO as a career. Future efforts are needed to further develop and evaluate these education programs as well as disseminate the program more broadly.

3.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39128937

RESUMO

Delays in the work-up and definitive management of patients with prostate cancer are common, with logistics of additional work-up after initial prostate biopsy, specialist referrals, and psychological reasons being the most common causes of delays. During the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent surges, timing of definitive care delivery with surgery or radiotherapy has become a topic of significant concern for patients with prostate cancer and their providers alike. In response, recommendations for the timing of definitive management of prostate cancer with radiotherapy and radical prostatectomy were published but without a detailed rationale for these recommendations. While the COVID-19 pandemic is behind us, patients are always asking the question: "When should I start radiation or undergo surgery?" In the absence of level I evidence specifically addressing this question, we will hereby present a narrative review to summarize the available data on the effect of treatment delays on oncologic outcomes for patients with localized prostate cancer from prospective and retrospective studies.

4.
Science ; 384(6699): eadi7453, 2024 May 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38815020

RESUMO

Stem cells play a critical role in cancer development by contributing to cell heterogeneity, lineage plasticity, and drug resistance. We created gene expression networks from hundreds of mouse tissue samples (both normal and tumor) and integrated these with lineage tracing and single-cell RNA-seq, to identify convergence of cell states in premalignant tumor cells expressing markers of lineage plasticity and drug resistance. Two of these cell states representing multilineage plasticity or proliferation were inversely correlated, suggesting a mutually exclusive relationship. Treatment of carcinomas in vivo with chemotherapy repressed the proliferative state and activated multilineage plasticity whereas inhibition of differentiation repressed plasticity and potentiated responses to cell cycle inhibitors. Manipulation of this cell state transition point may provide a source of potential combinatorial targets for cancer therapy.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Linhagem da Célula , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Animais , Camundongos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/patologia , Análise de Célula Única , Diferenciação Celular , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Plasticidade Celular , Proliferação de Células , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , RNA-Seq , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica
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