Mechanical stress-induced hemolysis of bovine blood is donor-dependent.

INTRODUCTION: In vitro hemolysis testing is an essential method for assessing the hemolytic potential of blood pumps, but has poor reproducibility. Further investigations are needed to determine the sources and extent of variability and to find a practical way to reduce the variation. METHODS: A small volume blood circulating loop driven by a Centrimag pump was established to provide relatively higher hemolysis readouts within a short run time and to be able to sequentially perform multiple repeated hemolysis tests in a working day. RESULTS: The repeatability with this system was demonstrated as the %RSD at 4.3% for the NIH or MIH from three repeated tests using the same blood. The bovine blood from different randomly selected donors was tested and gave more than a two-fold difference in NIH results (0.077 vs. 0.032 g/100 L) under the same testing conditions and same pump. This wide variation in hemolysis using bovine blood from different donors happened repeatedly. More importantly, it was observed that the difference in hemolysis test results using the blood drawn from the same donor on multiple days was narrow although the native hematocrits varied. The %RSD of NIH values obtained on five different days were 6.8%, 8.4%, 11.5%, and 7.8% for donor-specific blood from donors 1 to 4, respectively. CONCLUSION: The study results indicate that the mechanical stress-induced hemolysis behavior is donor-dependent. It has been also demonstrated that the reproducibility of in vitro hemolysis testing can be improved when the blood drawn from same donor is used.

Analysis of non-covalent aggregation of synthetic hPTH (1-34) by size-exclusion chromatography and the importance of suppression of non-specific interactions for a precise quantitation.

There are few methods available for the rapid and precise quantitation of non-covalent aggregation. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), a traditional approach, used to measure the non-covalent aggregation can easily disrupt the weak forces holding an aggregate together. Under the conditions described in this paper the disaggregation of non-covalent aggregate of the synthetic human parathyroid hormone hPTH (1-34) due to hydrophobic/electrostatic interactions with the size-exclusion chromatography column packing was completely suppressed. This report details the effectiveness of adding salts and organic solvents in the mobile phase to overcome non-specific interactions that disrupt the aggregate during the SEC process and may aid in the understanding precise quantitation of non-covalent aggregation.

A flow cytometry-based immuno-titration assay for rapid and accurate titer determination of modified vaccinia Ankara virus vectors.

A flow cytometry-based immuno-titration titer assay was established to determine infectious unit (IU) and transducing unit (TU) of modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus vectors. This titration method enumerates infected cells by measuring the expression of viral protein for IU and transgene protein for TU in individual cells after staining with fluorophore-conjugated antibodies. It presents many advantages over standard virus titration approaches, such as TCID(50) or plaque assay, for its convenience, rapidity and accuracy as illustrated by excellent assay linearity and reproducibility. Importantly, the IU and the TCID(50) assays generated similar batch-specific titer values when testing varied MVA-derived virus preparations. Assay development revealed that the post-infection time at which viral protein expression is evaluated, host cell type, and blocking the formation and release of progeny virion with nocodazole, an anti-microtubule agent or rifampin, a specific vaccinia virus assembly inhibitor, are critical parameters for the precision, robustness, and accuracy of IU titer determination. An added advantage of this assay is that it enables the concurrent determination of IU and transducing units (TU) by measuring the expression of a transgene product when testing recombinant viruses. The latter was demonstrated using a MVA vector carrying a human HER-2 gene fragment as model. Hence, this assay is very versatile in that it can be used to determine IU as well as multiple TU titers simultaneously. Furthermore, it can readily be adapted to other poxvirus vectors.