RESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a reduction in radiation dose and improvement in image quality of pediatric cardiac computed tomography scans performed using the high-pitch spiral technique on a new third-generation dual-source 2 × 192-slice scanner (group B) compared with scans performed using the sequential technique on a single-source 256-slice scanner (group A). We performed a retrospective observational study on 40 patients aged ≤18 years who underwent prospectively electrocardiogram-triggered cardiac computed tomography. Image quality was assessed by pre-defined objective indices and a four-point subjective score. Apart from a higher mean heart rate in group A (P = 0.016), there were otherwise no significant inter-group differences in patient characteristics. The median effective dose was 4.41 mSv (interquartile range 2.58-5.90 mSv) in group A and 0.52 mSv (interquartile range 0.39-0.59 mSv) in group B (P < 0.001), representing a 88 % reduction. Subjective image quality score was significantly better in group B (4 = excellent with no artifact, mode 57.1 %) than in group A (3 = good with mild artifact, mode 57.9 %) (P < 0.001). Noise index, signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio between both groups were not statistically significant. New third-generation dual-source high-pitch spiral scan technique can deliver excellent image quality with low radiation dose. Our results suggest that it should be considered as a first-choice technique for performing cardiac computed tomography in the pediatric population.
Assuntos
Cardiopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Criança , Angiografia Coronária , Eletrocardiografia , Humanos , Doses de Radiação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia Computadorizada Espiral , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Computed tomography angiography of the aorta (CTAA) is the modality of choice for investigating aortic disease. Our aim was to evaluate image quality, contrast enhancement and radiation dose of electrocardiograph (ECG)-triggered and non-ECG-triggered CTAA on a 256-slice single source CT scanner. Knowledge of these will allow requesting clinician and radiologist to balance radiation risk and image quality. METHODS: We retrospectively assessed data from 126 patients who had undergone CTAA on a single-source CT scanner using ECG-triggered (group 1, n = 77) or non-ECG-triggered (group 2, n =49) protocols. Radiation doses were compared. Qualitative (4-point scale) and quantitative image quality assessments were performed. RESULTS: The mean volume CT dose index, dose length product and effective dose in group 1 were 12.4 ± 1.9 mGy, 765.8 ± 112.4 mGy x cm and 13.0 ± 1.9 mSv, respectively. These were significantly higher compared with group 2 (9.1 ± 2.6 mGy, 624.1 ± 174.8 mGy x cm and 10.6 ± 3.0 mSv, respectively) ( p < 0.001). Qualitative assessment showed image quality at the aortic root-proximal ascending aorta was significantly higher in group 1 (median = 3) than in group 2 (median = 2, p < 0.001). Quantitative assessment showed significantly better mean arterial attenuation, signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio in ECG-triggered CTAA compared with non-ECG-triggered CTAA. CONCLUSION: ECG-triggered CTAA in a single-source scanner has superior image quality and vessel attenuation of aortic root/ascending aorta but a higher radiation dose of approximately 23%. Its use should be considered specifically when assessing aortic root/ascending aorta pathology.
RESUMO
Computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) is a robust and reliable non-invasive alternative imaging modality to invasive coronary angiography, which is the reference standard in evaluating the degree of coronary artery stenosis. CTCA has high negative predictive value and can confidently exclude significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in low to intermediate risk patients. Over the years, substantial effort has been made to reduce the radiation dose and increase the cost efficiency of CTCA. In this review, we present the evolution of computed tomography scanners in the context of coronary artery imaging as well as its clinical applications and limitations. We also highlight the future directions of CTCA as a one-stop non-invasive imaging modality for anatomic and functional assessment of CAD.
Assuntos
Angiografia Coronária , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Angiografia Coronária/métodos , Angiografia Coronária/tendências , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Humanos , Stents , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/tendênciasRESUMO
As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection spreads globally, the demand for chest imaging will inevitably rise with an accompanying increase in risk of disease transmission to frontline radiology staff. Radiology departments should implement strict infection control measures and robust operational plans to minimize disease transmission and mitigate potential impact of possible staff infection. In this article, the authors share several operational guidelines and strategies implemented in our practice to reduce spread of COVID-19 and maintain clinical and educational needs of a teaching hospital.
Assuntos
Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/organização & administração , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Controle de Infecções/organização & administração , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Paciente para o Profissional/prevenção & controle , Pandemias/estatística & dados numéricos , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Serviço Hospitalar de Radiologia/organização & administração , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Saúde Ocupacional , Inovação Organizacional , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico por imagem , Singapura , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodosRESUMO
Coronary arteritis in Kawasaki disease can lead to serious complications such myocardial infarction and sudden death. The identification of coronary manifestations with a method that is minimally invasive and of low radiation exposure is therefore important in paediatric patients with Kawasaki disease. Coronary CT angiography can be an attractive alternative to invasive coronary angiography. This paper describes imaging techniques for coronary CT angiography in pediatric patients and demonstrates the spectrum of cardiovascular manifestations in patients with Kawasaki disease.