History of Cosmetic in Egypt, India, and China.

Cosmetics are preparations used to improve and enhance human appearance. The concept of beauty and cosmetics is as ancient as mankind and civilization. The use of plants and herbs for cosmetics was started in ancient times. Egyptians believed that healing plants possess supernatural power. Herbs used for cosmetics in China are popular and are biologically active in today's cosmetics. The most commonly used herb, as a cosmetic in India, is turmeric, which is still in use as the beauty routine before the wedding. In Egypt, around 10,000 BCE both men and women were using scented oils and ointments to clean their skin and mask body odor. The use of cosmetics in India dates backs to the Vedic and Puranic periods. Due to the increased consciousness about beauty, demand for the products is increasing, which results in the growth of the cosmetic industry.

Fixed dose combinations of anti-tubercular, antimalarial and antiretroviral medicines on the Indian market: critical analysis of ubiquity, sales and regulatory status.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the proportion and sales of unapproved Fixed Dose Combinations (FDCs) of anti-tubercular, antimalarial and antiretroviral medicines available on the Indian market. METHODS: Available FDCs of anti-tubercular, antimalarial and antiretrovirals were screened against the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) database of approved FDCs. The FDC sales information in the given categories was obtained from AIOCD AWACS PharmaTrac, a market database. FDCs available in India were also screened against the National List of Essential Medicines India 2015 and the Orange Book Database of products approved by USFDA. RESULTS: Of 110 available first- to fourth-line anti-tubercular FDCs, only 32 were approved. Of 20 antimalarial FDCs available, eight were approved. However, almost 95% of available antiretroviral FDCs and branded products were approved. The sales volume of all anti-tubercular drugs was 730 million units of which 71% were unapproved, amounting to 14.30 billion rupees in sales value (58%). Almost half of the sales value and volume of antimalarials was generated by unapproved products. About 1% of sales volume of antiretroviral FDCs came from unapproved formulations, accounting for 5% of sales value. CONCLUSION: A large proportion of FDC formulations available in India has never been approved by CDSCO, hence raising the doubts about their safety and efficacy. An opaque regulatory framework and ambiguity over licensing powers have contributed to the problem. The rationality of unapproved FDCs should be reviewed and irrational formulations should be banned.

Awareness level regarding adverse reactions caused by cosmetic products among female patients: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Cosmetics have become an integral part of our daily routine. In addition to causing a wide range of dermatological disorders, cosmetic preparations can also affect internal health. Men are less likely to be impacted than women. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at determining the awareness level among female patients regarding adverse reactions caused by cosmetic products. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was performed among women who visited the Dermatology department of Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, from December 2020 to March 2022. The sample size included 400 respondents selected using the Convenience sampling method, and data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21, and descriptive statistics were applied. RESULTS: The study found that many cosmetic users experienced negative side effects (44%). The primarily affected body site was the face (25.50%) followed by scalp and hair (10%). Products responsible for adverse events were skin care products (27.25%). Considerable percentage of patients self-medicated (22.25%) and only 15% of women consulted a dermatologist for cosmetic-related problems. CONCLUSION: Awareness regarding the possibility of cosmetic-induced adverse effects as well as the proper use of cosmetics to reduce these adverse effects is imperative. Implementation of cosmetovigilance system will help to decrease the adverse events to a certain extent.

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology: A scientometric analysis.

Background A study related to an overview of the editorial workflow, editorial decision-making and timelines of the Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology (IJDVL) had been published earlier. However, a study on publication pattern, citations, contributing organizations, most cited publications etc. of IJDVL has not been performed till now. Objectives This study aims to identify and analyse the impact of IJDVL on various scientometric indicators viz. year-wise publication growth, impact factor trend, most contributing organizations, global outreach, most cited papers, and cited and citing journals, over the years 2007 to 2019. Methods Data for this study were retrieved from the Web of Science-core collection database of Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2021) on 12th May 2021. The search was performed by using the advanced search feature of the database. Using the "InCites", a search for journal citation reports of IJDVL was performed. Results The highest number of cumulative citations have been received by publications published in the year 2019 with 2,122 citations which is 91.53% in citable items. In the year 2009 journal, the impact factor was 0.976, which jumped to 2.712 (Journal Citation Reports™ 2018). IJDVL received its highest impact factor (3.030) in the year 2019. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi is the most prolific organization contributing to IJDVL with 51 publications. Among foreign countries, China is leading with reference to most contributions by any foreign country with 51 publications in IJDVL. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology having an impact factor 8.277 has been cited 145 times in this journal. Limitations Only one database was used for the study. Conclusion The high proportion of frequently cited articles in recent years, together with its currently high journal impact factor and quartile two-factor, give sustenance to the view that IJDVL publishes high-standard articles relevant to dermatology research and clinical practice.

Dermatological Research in India: A Brief Bibliometric Analysis of Publications During 1999-2019.

Background: Dermatology is the science of the skin. In India, dermatology came into picture in the twentieth century. Today's dermatology practiced in India is the modern approach developed and established in western countries based on western medical theory, knowledge, experience, and results from study. Growth of dermatology field in India has progressed since two to three decades. This paper assesses the contributions made by India in the dermatology field by analyzing the total number of publications in top dermatological journals. Materials and Methods: SCImago Journal Rank indicator (2019) was used to search for top dermatology journals and publication metrics was recorded from respective journal websites. Simple statistics tools were used to determine the number of publications during this 20-year period. Results: From 1999 to 2019, there were 547 publications from India, in the top dermatologic journals. It was noted that, original research article contributes maximum number of documents (136). Journal of Dermatology had a maximum number of publications with 174 when compared to other journals. Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh' had a maximum number of publication (150). Conclusion: The last 20 years have seen a massive increase in the field of dermatology. Today, dermatology is a well-developed field in India. From 1999 to 2019, there is an increase in the trend of publications along with the collaborative publications in the top dermatologic journals. This show the encouraging trend in terms of publications from India in past 20 years.

Global Trends of Sunscreen Research Literature: A Bibliometric Analysis over the Period of 2010-2020.

Objective: To date, little effort has been devoted to summarizing worldwide research trends in sunscreen publications. The present study aimed to quantitatively analyze research trends in sunscreen publications over the past period from 2010 to 2020. Materials and Methods: The required bibliometric information was extracted and downloaded from the Scopus database. Documents including the keywords "Sunscreen" and "Sunscreens" were extracted from the database. A total of 1466 articles were retrieved from the database as on May 14, 2021. Data analysis and visualization were performed through RStudio. The bibliometrix package was accessed through the RStudio application to compute and process the bibliotec file. Results: Over the last decade (2010-2020), marked progress has been made in the area of sunscreens research. The overall increase in publications and citations reflects a growing research interest in the sunscreens field. The United States was the most prolific organization productive country with (n = 861) published documents, followed by Brazil (n = 273), Australia (n = 220), and France (n = 220). The most active institution was the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro with publications (n = 30). Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology was the leading journal in the sunscreen literature with a total of (n = 55) documents. Conclusion: The main strength of the study is the use of the bibliometric analysis method and visualization of data to review the entire literature on sunscreens. The United States, Brazil, the United Kingdom, Australia, France, and China were active in most of the research parameters included in the study. These findings serve as a guide and road map for scholars in the field. This research can also be beneficial to academics, policymakers, and educational use.

Development and evaluation of sunscreen creams containing morin-encapsulated nanoparticles for enhanced UV radiation protection and antioxidant activity.

The objective of present work was to develop novel sunscreen creams containing polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) of morin. Polymeric NPs containing morin were prepared and optimized. The creams containing morin NPs were also prepared and evaluated. Optimized NPs exhibited particle size of 90.6 nm and zeta potential of -31 mV. The entrapment efficiency of morin, within the polymeric NPs, was found to be low (12.27%). Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry studies revealed no interaction between morin and excipients. Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed that the NPs were spherical in shape with approximately 100 nm diameter. Optimized NPs showed excellent in vitro free radical scavenging activity. Skin permeation and deposition of morin from its NPs was higher than its plain form. Different sunscreen creams (SC1-SC8) were formulated by incorporating morin NPs along with nano zinc oxide and nano titanium dioxide. SC5 and SC8 creams showed excellent sun protection factor values (≈40). In vitro and in vivo skin permeation studies of sunscreen creams containing morin NPs indicated excellent deposition of morin within the skin. Morin NPs and optimized cream formulations (SC5 and SC8) did not exhibit cytotoxicity in Vero and HaCaT cells. Optimized sunscreen creams showed excellent dermal safety. SC5 and SC8 creams demonstrated exceptional in vivo antioxidant effect (estimation of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione) in UV radiation-exposed rats. The optimized sunscreen creams confirmed outstanding UV radiation protection as well as antioxidant properties.