Care transition strategies in Latin American countries: an integrative review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze available literature on care transition strategies in Latin American countries. METHODS: Integrative literature review that included studies indexed in PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL, SCOPUS databases, and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), published in Portuguese, Spanish or English, between 2010 and 2017. RESULTS: Eleven articles were selected and the strategies were grouped into components of care transition: discharge planning, advanced care planning, patient education and promotion of self-management, medication safety, complete communication of information, and outpatient follow-up. These strategies were carried out by multidisciplinary team members, in which nurses play a leading role in promoting safe care transitions. CONCLUSIONS: Care transition activities are generally initiated very close to patient discharge, this differs from recommendations of care transition programs and models, which suggest implementing care transition strategies from the time of admission until discharge.

Object and technologies in the working process of an itinerant team in mental health. / Objeto e tecnologias do processo de trabalho de uma equipe itinerante em saúde mental.

Objective To analyze the work object and the technologies in the working process of a Mental Health Itinerant Team in the attention to drug users. Methods Qualitative case study, carried out in a municipality in the South of Brazil. The theoretical framework was the Healthcare Labor Process. The data was collected through participant observation and semi-structured interviews with the professionals of an itinerant team in the year of 2015. For data analysis we used the Thematic Content Analysis. Results In the first empirical category - work object - the user is considered as a focus, bringing new challenges in the team's relationship with the network. In the second category - technologies of the work process - potentialities and contradictions of the team work tools are highlighted. Conclusions As an innovation in the mental health context, the itinerant team brings real possibilities to reinvent the care for the drug user as well as new institutional challenges.

Elder-friendly emergency services in Brazil: necessary conditions for care.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze the aspects necessary to provide an elder-friendly emergency service (ES) from the perspective of nurses. METHOD: This is a descriptive, quantitative study using the Delphi technique in three rounds. Nurses with professional experience in the ES and/or researchers with publications and/or conducting research in the study area were selected. The first round of the Delphi panel had 72 participants, the second 49, and the third 44. An online questionnaire was used based on a review of the scientific literature with questions organized into the central dimensions of elder-friendly hospitals. A five-point Likert scale was used for each question and a 70% consensus level was established. RESULTS: There were 38 aspects identified as necessary for elderly care that were organized into central dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: The study's results are consistent with the findings in scientific literature and suggest indicators for quality of care and training for an elder-friendly ES. OBJETIVO: Identificar e analisar aspectos necessários para um atendimento amigo do idoso nos serviços de emergência (SE), na perspectiva de enfermeiros. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo, com utilização da Técnica Delphi, em três rodadas. Foram selecionados enfermeiros com experiência profissional em SE e/ou pesquisadores com publicações e/ou desenvolvendo pesquisas na área de estudo. A primeira rodada do painel Delphi contou com 72 participantes, a segunda com 49 e a terceira com 44. Foi utilizado questionário on-line, baseado na revisão da literatura científica, com questões organizadas em dimensões centrais de hospitais amigos do idoso. Foi utilizada uma escala de Likert de 5 pontos para cada questão e estabelecido nível de consenso de 70%. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 38 aspectos necessários para o atendimento ao idoso, organizados em dimensões centrais. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados do estudo são consistentes com os achados na literatura científica e sugerem indicadores para qualidade do cuidado e para formação de SE amigos do idoso.

Strategies used by nurses to promote teamwork in an emergency room. / Estratégias utilizadas pelos enfermeiros para promover o trabalho em equipe em um serviço de emergência.

Objective to analyze the strategies used by nurses to promote teamwork in a hospital emergency room. Method qualitative case study research with 20 nurses in the emergency unit of a university hospital in southern Brazil. Data were collected between June and September 2009 through participant observation and semi-structured interviews, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results the strategies used by the nurses to promote teamwork in the emergency unit were articulating professional actions; establishing relationships of cooperation; building and maintaining friendly ties; and managing conflict. Conclusion nurses notably make the connections between the practices of the health teams and mediate the relationships established between health professionals to improve care practices.

Development of a measurement instrument to assess patient safe transition at hospital discharge.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate the content of a measurement instrument to assess the quality of care transitions and patient safety at hospital discharge from the nurses' perspective. METHODS: A methodological study developed in southern Brazil between April 2019 and January 2022, in three stages: integrative review and semi-structured interviews with six nurses for construction of the instrument; content validation with a committee of 14 experts; and a pre-test with 20 nurses. A Content Validity Index above 0.80 was employed. RESULTS: A measurement instrument with 37 items organized into six domains was developed, as follows: structure; discharge planning; care education; referral for continuity of care; safety culture, and care transitions results. The general Content Validity Index reached 0.93. CONCLUSIONS: The measurement instrument presented content validation and will contribute to understanding transitional care in the Brazilian context, proposing changes to qualify and strengthen patient safety at hospital discharge.

[Activities of the nurse involved in triage/risk classification assessment in emergency services: an integrative review]. / Atividades do enfermeiro nos sistemas de triagem/classificação de risco nos serviços de urgência: revisão integrativa.

This present study aimed at identifying and assessing available literature regarding the activities of the nurse involved in assessing risk classification in emergency services. The integrative review carried out searches in the following databases: Science Direct, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Latin-American and Caribbean Health Sciences Database (LILACS), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO). Twenty-two articles that met inclusion criteria were selected. Results indicated that the major attributions of this professional are the assessment of the patient's healthcare status and decision-making, a process that demands clinical knowledge and experience The nurse is capable of organizing the workflow of patients according to the priority of the rendered care and service demands, and stands out as a professional of excellence in the development of triage/risk classification practices in emergency services.

[Users' perceptions of urgency and reasons for using the mobile pre-hospital care service]. / Percepções de urgência para usuários e motivos de utilização do serviço de atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel.

The Mobile Emergency Care Services handle urgent situations of various types, and demand for this service occurs according to the perception of the user regarding what is urgent. The aim of the study was to analyze the perceptions of urgency by users who demand care from a Mobile Emergency Care Service in Porto Alegre and to identify the reasons for these requests. In this explomratory-descriptive study, with qualitative approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted by telephone, during theperiod from February to April 2009. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the information. Users consider urgent life-threatening conditions, which require a quick response, and visible situations, such as bleeding, chronic diseases, and difficulties in transportation. Users themselves feel motivated to call the service due to it being rapid and free, and for transportation. The perceptions of users regarding urgency were diverse, sometimes consistent with the biomedical perspective of health providers and sometimes with their own social context.

Continuity and coordination of care: conceptual interface and nurses' contributions.

This is a theoretical-reflective study, with the objective of discussing the concepts of continuity and coordination of care, its conceptual interface and nurses' actions for its effectiveness in health services, based on international and national scientific publications. The concepts have been studied for decades and, although they are interrelated, they are used in a similar way, indicating a lack of conceptual understanding. The concept of continuity underwent paradigm shifts and began to adopt patients' perspectives. Currently, it involves interpersonal, longitudinal, management and informational domains. Coordination consists of establishing connections between the possible elements involved in care. It is classified as horizontal and vertical and is organized into categories: sequential, parallel and indirect. Nurses stand out through actions aimed at coordination and continuity at different levels of care, which contributes to strengthening a cohesive and people-centered care. The interface between concepts indicates that, in order to achieve integrated and continuous services, continuity and coordination of care need to be interconnected and act together.

[Care management: nurses' actions in a hospital emergency service]. / Gerenciamento do cuidado: ações dos enfermeiros em um serviço hospitalar de emergência.

This study aimed to analyze care management actions performed by nurses in a hospital emergency service. This is a qualiative research of the case study type, carried out with nurses from the Emergency Service of a University Hospital in southern Brazil. The data were collected through participant observation and semi-structured interviews, and analyzed using thematic analysis. The results show nurses' actions in care planning, forecasting and provisioning of resources, supervision, leadership and training of the nursing team. In care planning, there is the execution of the nursing process and the control of the realization of laboratory and radiological tests. The actions of forecasting and provisioning of resources were: elaboration of the monthly schedule of employees, daily distribution of the staff and the management of material resources. Leadership encourages the planning of care, the coordination of the nursing staff and the delegation of activities.

[Problem-solving capacity of care and users' satisfaction in the family health strategy program]. / Resolutividade da assistência e satisfação de usuários da estratégia saúde da família.

The following research is a quantitative-qualitative study that aimed to analyze the view of users on the problem-solving capacity of care in a Family Health Unit and its relation with their satisfaction. The quantitative data were collected through a semi-structured form. The results showed the fact that 61.3% of users had their problems solved always or most times. The view of users on the problem-solving capacity is related to how they perceive their health problems' solution, and, for some, is associated to referral to specialized service. There is a relationship between always or most times finding a solution and being very satisfied. Results show that users' satisfaction and their view on the problem-solving capacity of care contribute to the organization and improvement of health services.

Transition of care at discharge from the Intensive Care Unit: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: to map the available evidence on the components of the transition of care, practices, strategies, and tools used in the discharge from the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) to the Inpatient Unit (IU) and its impact on the outcomes of adult patients. METHOD: a scoping review using search strategies in six relevant health databases. RESULTS: 37 articles were included, in which 30 practices, strategies or tools were identified for organizing and executing the transfer process, with positive or negative impacts, related to factors intrinsic to the Intensive Care Unit and the Inpatient Unit and cross-sectional factors regarding the staff. The analysis of hospital readmission and mortality outcomes was prevalent in the included studies, in which trends and potential protective actions for a successful care transition are found; however, they still lack more robust evidence and consensus in the literature. CONCLUSION: transition of care components and practices were identified, in addition to factors intrinsic to the patient, associated with worse outcomes after discharge from the Intensive Care Unit. Discharges at night or on weekends were associated with increased rates of readmission and mortality; however, the association of other practices with the patient's outcome is still inconclusive.

Care transition of patients with chronic diseases from the discharge of the emergency service to their homes.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of the care transition for patients with chronic non-communicable diseases discharged from the emergency department to home. METHOD: A cross-sectional observational and epidemiological study conducted at an emergency department in the South of Brazil with 117 patients and 81 caregivers. The Care Transitions Measure was applied by phone to collect data. A descriptive and analytical statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: The quality of the care transition's total score was close to satisfactory (69.5). The "Self-Management Training" factor had the highest score (70.6), while "Understanding medications" had the lowest (68.3). Items related to understanding medications and confidence in carrying out care after discharge obtained lower scores. CONCLUSIONS: A moderate quality of the care transition was evidenced, as well as the need to adopt strategies to improve the emergency department discharge process and the continuity of the care of patients with chronic diseases.

[Prehospital teamwork life support service for traffic accident victims]. / O trabalho em equipe no atendimento pré-hospitalar à vítima de acidente de trânsito.

The objective of this study is to characterize prehospital teamwork service for traffic accident victims, identifying the actors' activities, the teamwork and the relations with actors from other areas. This is a qualitative study, in which data collection took place by observing the events that occurred at a public service in the city of Porto Alegre, in addition to interviews with each professional involved in the service. The results showed that prehospital care is founded on teamwork and that the understanding among professionals should go beyond the historical hierarchic relation existing in health organizations. There is a need to value the broad field of knowledge, which is associated with the core of care activities that meet most trauma victim needs.

[Systematic review on the management dimension of nursing work in hospital environments]. / Revisão sistemática sobre a dimensão gerencial no trabalho do enfermeiro no ambito hospitalar.

Nursing work is divided into different dimensions: health care, education, management and research. Considering hospital environment, nurses are in charge of many managerial activities. The following study aimed at analyzing how the managerial dimension in the nursing is described in Brazilian nursing papers through a systematic review on the literature. The papers were researched on the database LILACS and SciELO from 2003 to 2007 with keywords as nursing, work, and management, constituting a 12-papers sample. The results displayed that the managerial practices of the nurses are mainly related to the technical management dimension, emphasizing the activities of coordination, supervision, and control. The precepts of the classical theories of administration still guide nursing management, even though some studies relate a slight transposition of this model and present suggestions for new nursing management ways.

[Health care given to patients with violence situations: conceptions of professionals in basic health units]. / Atendimento aos usuários em situação de violência: concepções dos profissionais de unidades básicas de saúde.

The following study aimed at analyzing the conceptions of basic health units' professionals on the service rendered to users with violence situations, within their different manifestations. It is a qualitative research conducted with nurses, doctors, nursing technicians, and communitarian health agents through semi-structured interviews. The set of data was collected from October 2007 and March 2008 in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and analyzed through theme analysis. The professionals have a role in identifying situations of violence and in elaborating intervention strategies aiming users' welfare through the recovery of physical and mental health. The break of the violence assistance net, lack of security, lack of capable professionals, and inadequate infrastructure are some of the factors that jeopardize the service. The results might support the elaboration of public policies that help the identification, gathering and assistance to individuals in violence situations.

Nurses' practices at health basic units in a city in the south of Brazil.

On Public Health, nurses can influence the care of the health needs of the population. The objective of this paper is to feature and understand the practices of nurses working at Health Basic Units. It is a qualitative research whereby semi-structured interviews were made with 15 nurses who work at Porto Alegre-Brasil. The treatment of the data was based on analysis of content of the thematic type. Outcomes indicate that the activities performed by nurses are influenced by the Health System and its limitations, especially the lack of nursing workers. Nurses are sought to solve problems that are not always related with their work, demonstrating the diversity of their practices. The conclusion is that the presence of nurses in the daily care and their articulating role contributes to change the realities of health.

[Technological organization of labor in an emergency service and nursing worker's autonomy]. / Organização tecnológica do trabalho em um pronto atendimento e a autonomia do trabalhador de enfermagem.

This research was aimed at examining the organization of labor processes in an emergency service as well as the autonomy nursing workers have when providing care. It is a qualitatively-oriented case study. Data were collected by free observation, with focus on the service provided to users. It was observed that the labor process is organized around the treatment of the main complaint, having the doctor's visit as its core action. Technological organization places doctors as the main power holders, followed by nurses in their spaces of powerandautonomy-an autonomy that is seldom exercised by the remaining agents. Nurses' work is crucial, traversing all spaces of service and interlinking actions; however, it is seen as supplementary to primary care activities.

[Nurses' view on the coordination of health actions among professionals of family health teams]. / Visão de enfermeiras sobre as articulações das ações de saúde entre profissionais de equipes de saúde da família.

This study was aimed at knowing the conception nurses who work in the Family Health Program have about the development of teamwork regarding the coordination of the actions of the various professionals that comprise it. It is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews with 23 nurses. The analysis of the data was carried out based on Theme Analysis. The results showed that the nurses, at certain moments, coordinate their actions with the other professionals of the team. However, there are factors that make this coordination difficult, such as excess of demand from users and lack of time for the professionals to prepare the collective planning of their practices and develop preventive actions. According to the results obtained, it is necessary to reorganize the work process in order to perform an effectively integrated work.

Transição do cuidado de pessoas idosas do hospital para casa / Transición del cuidado de adultos mayores del hospital a su casa / Care transition of older adults from hospital to home

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a qualidade da Transição do Cuidado de idosos que receberam alta do hospital para casa. Métodos Estudo observacional transversal, realizado com 156 idosos, após internação em hospital público, localizado no município de Piracicaba, estado de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados em prontuário eletrônico do paciente e por ligações telefônicas com idosos, seus familiares e/ou cuidadores, até quatro semanas após alta hospitalar. Foram utilizados questionário com dados sociodemográficos e instrumento Care Transitions Measure, versão validada para o Brasil. Resultados A duração média da última internação foi de 8,27 dias causada, majoritariamente (72,44 %) por COVID-19 e 75% dos idosos apresentaram entre 1 e 3 comorbidades, sendo a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (57,7%) a mais frequente. A média de escore do CTM 15 - Brasil foi 68,6. O Fator 1 - Preparação para o autogerenciamento obteve o maior escore (70,5) e o Fator 4 - Plano de Cuidados, o menor (59,14). Houve correlação positiva entre os 4 fatores do Care Transitions Measure, também entre estes fatores e do número de medicamentos utilizados para tratamento dos idosos, de acordo com a Classificação Anatômica Terapêutica Química. Conclusão Evidenciou-se a qualidade da Transição do Cuidado no hospital, próxima do valor considerado satisfatório, sendo dois dos quatro fatores com pontuação maior que 70; entretanto há necessidade de adoção de estratégias para melhorar o processo de alta do hospital para casa, principalmente, no que se refere a preferências asseguradas e plano de cuidado dos idosos.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar la calidad de la transición del cuidado de adultos mayores que recibieron alta del hospital a su casa. Métodos Estudio observacional transversal, realizado con 156 adultos mayores, después de estar internados en un hospital público ubicado en el municipio de Piracicaba, estado de São Paulo. Los datos fueron recopilados de la historia clínica del paciente y mediante llamados telefónicos a los adultos mayores, sus familiares o cuidadores, hasta cuatro semanas después del alta hospitalaria. Se utilizó un cuestionario con datos sociodemográficos y el instrumento Care Transitions Measure, versión validada para Brasil. Resultados La duración promedio de la última internación fue de 8,27 días, causada principalmente por COVID-19 (72,44 %) y el 75 % de los adultos mayores presentó entre una y tres comorbilidades, con hipertensión arterial sistémica como la más frecuente (57,7 %). El promedio de puntuación del CTM 15 - Brasil fue de 68,6. El Factor 1: Preparación para la autogestión obtuvo la mayor puntuación (70,5) y el Factor 4: Plan de cuidados, el menor (59,14). Se observó correlación positiva entre los cuatro factores del Care Transitions Measure, también entre estos factores del y número de medicamentos utilizados para el tratamiento de los adultos mayores, de acuerdo con la Clasificación Anatómica Terapéutica Química. Conclusión Se evidenció la calidad de la transición del cuidado en el hospital, cercana al valor considerado satisfactorio, donde dos de los cuatro factores obtuvieron puntuación superior a 70. Sin embargo, existe la necesidad de adoptar estrategias para mejorar el proceso del alta del hospital a la casa, principalmente respecto a las preferencias aseguradas y al plan de cuidado de los adultos mayores.

Abstract Objective To analyze the quality of care transition of older adults who were discharged from hospital to home. Methods This is a cross-sectional observational study, conducted with 156 older adults after public hospital admission, located in the municipality of Piracicaba, state of São Paulo. Data were collected in patients' electronic medical records and by telephone calls with older adults, their relatives and/or caregivers, up to four weeks after hospital discharge. We used a questionnaire with sociodemographic data and the Care Transitions Measure, version validated for Brazil. Results The mean duration of the last hospitalization was 8.27 days, mostly caused (72.44%) by COVID-19 and 75% of older adults had between 1 and 3 comorbidities, with hypertension (57.7%) being the most frequent. The mean CTM-15 score was 68.6. Factor 1, Management preparation, obtained the highest score (70.5), and Factor 4, Care plan, the lowest (59.14). There was a positive correlation between the 4 factors of Care Transitions Measure, also among these factors is the number of drugs used to treat older adults, according to the Anatomical Chemical Therapeutic Classification. Conclusion We evidenced the quality of the transition of care in the hospital close to the value considered satisfactory, with two of the four factors with a score greater than 70; however, there is a need to adopt strategies to improve the discharge process from hospital to home, especially with regard to preferences imported and care plan for older adults.

Development of a measurement instrument to assess patient safe transition at hospital discharge / Elaboración de un instrumento para evaluarlatransición segura del paciente al alta hospitalaria / Construção de instrumento de avaliação da transição segura do paciente na alta hospitalar

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop and validate the content of a measurement instrument to assess the quality of care transitions and patient safety at hospital discharge from the nurses' perspective. Methods: A methodological study developed in southern Brazil between April 2019 and January 2022, in three stages: integrative review and semi-structured interviews with six nurses for construction of the instrument; content validation with a committee of 14 experts; and a pre-test with 20 nurses. A Content Validity Index above 0.80 was employed. Results: A measurement instrument with 37 items organized into six domains was developed, as follows: structure; discharge planning; care education; referral for continuity of care; safety culture, and care transitions results. The general Content Validity Index reached 0.93. Conclusions: The measurement instrument presented content validation and will contribute to understanding transitional care in the Brazilian context, proposing changes to qualify and strengthen patient safety at hospital discharge.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Construir y validar el contenido de un instrumento de evaluación de la calidad de la transición de la atención y la seguridad del paciente en alta hospitalaria desde la perspectiva de los enfermeros. Métodos: Estudio metodológico, desarrollado en el sur de Brasil entre abril de 2019 y enero de 2022, en tres etapas: revisión integradora y entrevistas semiestructuradas con seis enfermeras para construir el instrumento; validación de contenido por un comité de 14 expertos; y pre-test con 20 enfermeras. Se empleó un Índice de Validez del Contenido superior a 0,80. Resultados: Instrumento desarrollado con 37 ítems organizados en seis dominios: estructura; planificación del alta; pautas de atención; derivación a la continuidad asistencial; cultura de seguridad, y resultado de la transición asistencial. El Índice de Validez de Conocimiento general fue de 0,93. Conclusiones: El instrumento presentó un valor de contenido y contribuyó a la comprensión de la transición del cuidado en el contexto nacional, proponiendo cambios para calificar y fortalecer la seguridad del paciente en el hospital de alta.

RESUMO Objetivo: Construir e validar o conteúdo de um instrumento de avaliação da qualidade da transição do cuidado e da segurança do paciente na alta hospitalar na perspectiva de enfermeiros. Métodos: Estudo metodológico, desenvolvido no Sul do Brasil entre abril de 2019 e janeiro de 2022, em três etapas: revisão integrativa e entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis enfermeiros para construção do instrumento; validação de conteúdo por comitê de 14 especialistas; e pré-teste com 20 enfermeiros. Empregou-se Índice de Validade de Conteúdo acima de 0,80. Resultados: Desenvolvido instrumento com 37 itens organizados em seis domínios: estrutura; planejamento de alta; orientações sobre cuidados; encaminhamento para continuidade de cuidados; cultura de segurança, e resultado da transição do cuidado. O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo geral foi 0,93. Conclusões: o instrumento apresentou validação de conteúdo e contribui para a compreensão da transição do cuidado no contexto nacional, propondo mudanças para qualificar e fortalecer a segurança do paciente na alta hospitalar.