Osseous metaplasia of the eyelid: report of 2 cases.

This article describes 2 unusual cases of osseous metaplasia occurring within the eyelid and presents a brief review of the literature on cutaneous calcification. A 62-year-old man sought treatment for an eyelid mass containing osseous metaplasia in an area of lymphoid hyperplasia. An extensive oncologic workup ruled out malignancy. A 46-year-old man with a history of recurrent chalazion sought treatment for a firm mass of the upper eyelid that demonstrated bone formation in an area of sebaceous glands. Both lesions were excised with no further recurrence. Osseous metaplasia of the eyelid is a rare entity with diverse etiologies ranging from congenital syndromes to trauma, neoplasm, and inflammation. In some cases, a precise etiology cannot be identified.

Availability and utilization of molecular testing for primary central nervous system tumors among US hospitals.

Advanced molecular testing has increasingly become an integral component for accurate diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. We sought to establish the current state of molecular testing availability and approaches for the diagnosis of CNS tumors in US hospitals that conduct high volumes of CNS tumor resections. We distributed a 16-item survey inquiring about molecular testing approaches for CNS tumors to 115 neuropathologists at US hospitals with neurosurgery residency programs. Thirty-five neuropathologists (30.4%) responded to the survey, all of whom indicated their institutions perform molecular testing on CNS tumor tissue. The most commonly offered tests were MGMT methylation profiling and next-generation sequencing. Fourteen respondents (40%) indicated that their institution is able to test for and report all of the molecular alterations included in our survey. Nine (25.7%) respondents indicated that molecular testing is performed as standard of care for all patients with resected CNS tumors. Our results suggest that even in academic hospitals with a high volume of CNS tumor resections, molecular testing for these tumors is limited. Continued initiatives are necessary to expand the availability of molecular testing for CNS tumors to ensure diagnostic accuracy and guide targeted therapy.

Exercise and Quality-of-Life Outcomes of Two Versus Three Weekly Sessions of Pulmonary Rehabilitation.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess whether there are differences in exercise or health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) outcomes following twice-weekly supervised sessions of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) compared with three times weekly over an 8-wk program in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: We conducted a quasi-experimental, single-center observational study using 198 subjects who completed two supervised PR sessions (intervention group) compared with 208 historical controls who completed three weekly sessions. We assessed between-group differences in outcomes after balancing groups using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) of propensity scores, followed by regression adjustment. RESULTS: Both groups achieved clinically and statistically significant improvements in exercise and HRQoL following the PR program. After IPTW and regression adjustment, the intervention group had a lower post-PR 6-min walk time by 1.2: 95% CI, -12.9 to 10.5 m ( P = .84), compared with the control group. Although post-PR COPD Assessment Test (CAT) scores decreased in both groups, the intervention group had a higher post-PR CAT score by 1.5: 95% CI, 0.37 to 2.66 a.u. ( P = .01), compared with the control group. All other HRQoL measures failed to reach statistical significance. None of the between-group differences reached minimal clinically important differences for COPD. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support current international guidelines for twice-weekly supervised PR sessions combined with unsupervised home exercise sessions. We conclude there is no disadvantage in running a PR program for patients with COPD using twice-weekly supervised sessions compared with three times weekly supervised sessions.