Synthesis, structural characterization, molecular docking study, biological activity of carbon monoxide release molecules as potent antitumor agents.

In this study, two series of novel carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) containing Co were designed and synthesized. The synthesized complexes were characterized by IR, ESI-MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The antitumor activity of all complexes on HepG2 cells, Hela cells and MDA-MB-231 cells were assayed by MTT. IC50 values of complexes 1-13 were 4.7-548.6 µM. Among these complexes, complex 1 was presented with a high selectivity to HepG2 cells (IC50 = 4.7 ± 0.76 µM). Compared with iCORM (inactive CORM), CORM (complex 1) showed a remarkable activity against tumor cells owing to co-effect of CO and the ligand of COX-2 inhibitor. In addition, complex 1 increased ROS in mitochondria and caused a decrease of dose-dependent mitochondrial membrane potential against HepG2 cells. Complex 1 down-regulated the expression of COX-2 protein in western blot analysis. The molecular docking study suggested that the complex 1 formed a hydrogen bond with amino acid R120 in the active site of the Human cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Therefore, the complex 1 could induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells through targeting COX-2 and mitochondria pathways, and it maybe a potential therapeutic agent for cancer.

Effects of Exogenous Carbon Monoxide Releasing Molecules on the Development of Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae.

The use of exogenous carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CORMs) provides promise for clinical application; however, the hazard potential of CORMs in vivo remains poorly understood. The developmental toxicity of CORM-3 was investigated by exposure to concentrations ranging from 6.25 to 400 µmol/L during 4-144 h post fertilization. Toxicity endpoints of mortality, spontaneous movement, heart rate, hatching rate, malformation, body length, and larval behavior were measured. CORM-3 disrupted the progression of zebrafish larval development at concentrations exceeding 50 µmol/L, resulting in embryonic developmental toxicity.

Typical Morphological Characteristics of the Immunohistochemistrical Subtypes of Pituitary Microadenomas: A dual center study.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the relation of magnetic resonance image (MRI) features and immunohistochemistrical subtypes of pituitary microadenomas (PMAs) characterized by location and growth pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A double-center, retrospective review of MRI characteristics was conducted in 57 PMA cases recorded from February 2014 to September 2023 and identified on the basis of 2017 WHO classification of pituitary gland tumors. The geometric center of the tumor was defined, and the possibility of PMA vertical or lateral growth pattern was evaluated according to ratio of maximum diameter between the X and Y axes. RESULTS: Among the PMAs, somatotroph adenomas (STAs) significantly frequented the lateral-anteroinferior portion of pituitary gland (P=0.036). Lactotroph adenomas (LTAs) showed significant locational preference for the lateral-posteroinferior portion (P=0.037), and gonadotroph adenomas (GTAs) were predominately located in the central-anteroinferior portion (P=0.022). Furthermore, the PMAs in the suprasellar portion exhibited vertical extension with statistical significance (P=0.0). CONCLUSION: In our cohort, the micro-STAs were predominately located in the lateral-anteroinferior portion of pituitary gland, the micro-LTAs in the lateral-posteroinferior portion, and the micro-GTAs in the central-anteroinferior portion. The growth pattern of the PMAs was highly correlated with their vertical position instead of their immunohistochemistrical subtypes. Therefore, MRI shows potential in differentiating partial PMA subgroups, especially the cases in silent groups.

[Toxicology and tissue distribution of Ruthenium (II) CO-releasing molecules and its interaction with endogenous substances].

Carbon monoxide has been proved to be an important signal molecule in body. Transition metal carbonyl compounds are solidified form of carbon monoxide. Numerous studies have shown that Ruthenium carbonyl carbon monoxide releasing molecules have a strong pharmacological activity. In this paper, five Ruthenium (II) carbonyl CORMs 1-5 were synthesized and their toxicology, tissue distribution and interaction with blood endogenous substances were investigated. The results showed CORMs' IC50 to fibroblasts are ranged from 212.9 to 2089.2 micromol x L(-1). Their oral LD50 to mouse is between 800 to 1600 mg x kg(-1). After repeated administration, CORMs 1 and CORMs 5 haven't shown an obvious influence to rats' liver and kidney function, but caused the injury to liver and kidney cells. The in vivo distribution result revealed the majority of CORMs were distributed in blood, liver and kidney, only a small part of CORMs distributed in lung, heart and spleen. They could scarcely cross the blood-brain barrier and distribute to brain. The non-CO ligands in structure have an obvious relevance to their in vivo absorption and distribution. Interestingly, CORMs could enhance the fluorescence of bovine serum albumin, and this enhancement was in direct proportion with the concentration of CORMs. Under different conditions, interaction of CORMs with glutathione got different type of products, one is Ruthenium (II) tricarbonyl complexes, and Ruthenium (II) dicarbonyl complexes.

Wet Cupping Therapy Improves Local Blood Perfusion and Analgesic Effects in Patients with Nerve-Root Type Cervical Spondylosis.

OBJECTIVE: To observe wet cupping therapy (WCT) on local blood perfusion and analgesic effects in patients with nerve-root type cervical spondylosis (NT-CS). METHODS: Fifty-seven NT-CS patients were randomly divided into WCT group and Jiaji acupoint-acupuncture (JA) group according a random number table. WCT group (30 cases) was treated with WCT for 10 min, and JA group (27 cases) was treated with acupuncture for 10 min. The treatment efficacies were evaluated with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Blood perfusion at Dazhui (GV 14) and Jianjing (GB 21) acupoints (affected side) was observed with a laser speckle flowmetry, and its variations before and after treatment in both groups were compared as well. RESULTS: In both groups, the VAS scores significantly decreased after the intervention (P<0.01), while the blood perfusion at the two acupoints significantly increased after intervention (P<0.05); however, the increasement magnitude caused by WCT was obvious compared with JA (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: WCT could improve analgesic effects in patients with NT-CS, which might be related to increasing local blood perfusion of acupunct points.