Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Effects of Isorhamnetin for Protection Against Lung Injury in a Rat Model of Heatstroke in a Dry-Heat Environment.

BACKGROUND Isorhamnetin is a natural flavonoid compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, its roles in alleviating lung injury associated with heatstroke remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of different isorhamnetin doses on lung injury in heatstroke rat models exposed to a dry-heat environment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control (0.9% saline), heatstroke (0.5% CMCNa), and isorhamnetin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) groups; treatments were administered by gavage daily for 7 days. All rats, except those in the control group, were exposed to a dry-heat environment (41±1°C, 10±2% relative humidity) for 150 min to induce heatstroke. Pathological changes, ultrastructure, edema, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the lungs were assessed. RESULTS Compared with the heatstroke group, rats treated with 100 mg/kg isorhamnetin showed amelioration of histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the lungs; decreased lung injury scores (P<0.05) and wet/dry weight ratios (P<0.01); lower levels of phospho-nuclear factor-kappaB (P<0.05), high-mobility group box 1 (P<0.01), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (P<0.01), interleukin (IL)-1ß (P<0.01), and IL-6 (P<0.01); lower malondialdehyde contents (P<0.01); and higher superoxide dismutase (P<0.01) and catalase activities (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In a dry-heat environment, isorhamnetin protected against lung injury in heatstroke rat models via anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative mechanisms.

Curcumin alleviates acute kidney injury in a dry-heat environment by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in a rat model.

Curcumin exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. We investigated the protective effects of curcumin in a renal injury rat model under dry-heat conditions. We divided Sprague-Dawley rats into four groups: dry-heat 0- (normal temperature control group), 50-, 100-, and 150-minute groups. Each group was divided into five subgroups (n = 10): normal saline (NS), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMCNa), and curcumin pretreated low, medium, and high-dose (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, respectively) groups. Compared to the normal temperature group, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urinary kidney injury molecule-1, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated load changes in lipoprotein (NGAL) levels were significantly increased in the dry-heat environment group (P < .05); inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and malondialdehyde (MDA) and related inflammatory factor levels were increased in the kidney tissue. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were decreased. However, following all curcumin pretreatment, the serum levels of kidney injury indicators and NGAL were decreased in the urine compared to those in the NS and CMCNa groups (P < .05), whereas renal SOD and CAT activities were increased and MDA was decreased (P < .05). Renal tissues of the 150-minute group showed obvious pathological changes. Compared to the NS group, pathological changes in the renal tissues of the 100- and 200-mg/kg curcumin groups were significantly reduced. Furthermore, iNOS and COX-2 expression and inflammatory factor levels were decreased after curcumin treatment. Curcumin exerted renoprotective effects that were likely mediated by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in a dry-heat environment rat model.

[Effects of Rhodiola on the Expression of iNOS mRNA in Severe Acute Pancreatitis Associated Re- nal Injury Rats].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Rhodiola on the expression of iNOS mRNA in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) associated renal injury rats. METHODS: A total of 72 healthy rats were randomly divided into the sham-operated group (S), the SAP associated renal injury group (M), and the Rhodiola-treated group (RHO), 24 in each group. Rats in S and M groups were peritoneally injected with 10 mL/kg saline 3h before modeling, while rats in the RHO group were peritoneally injected with 10 mL/kg Rhodiola Injection 3 h before modeling. The peripheral ligament of pancreas was bluntly dissociated in rats of M and RHO groups. The head of pancreas was occlused by nontraumatic blood vessel forceps 3 h later to establish the model. Eight rats were randomly selected from each group at 12, 24, and 36 h after modeling to detect levels of serum amylase, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen. Serum levels of interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pathological changes of the left kidney were observed under light microscope. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in the right kidney was detected with real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Compared with the S group, serum levels of amylase, creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), IL-1ß, IL-10, and iNOS mRNA expression significantly increased in the M group (P < 0.01). The function of kidney and pancreas were obviously improved in the RHO group than in the M group. Levels of IL-1ß and iNOS significantly decreased, but IL-10 levels significantly increased in the RHO group with statistical difference (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Rhodiola had better protective effect on SAP associated renal injury, which might be achieved through inhibiting the expression of IL-1ß, stimulating the expression of IL-10, down-regulating iNOS mRNA expression, reducing the generation of oxygen free radicals and NO damage to cells, and improving hypoxia tolerance capabilities of the kidney.

Heatstroke model for desert dry-heat environment and observed organ damage.

BACKGROUND: Heatstroke is one of the most common clinical emergencies. Heatstroke that occurred in a dry-heat environment such as desert is usually more seriously effective and often leads to death. However, the report of the pathophysiologic mechanisms about heatstroke in dry-heat environment of desert has not been seen. OBJECTIVES: Our objectives are to establish a rat model of heatstroke of dry-heat environment of desert, to assess the different degrees of damage of organ, and to preliminarily discuss the mechanism of heatstroke in dry-heat environment of desert. METHODS: The first step, we have established a rat heatstroke model of dry heat environment of desert. The second step, we have accessed changes in morphology and blood indicators of heatstroke rats in dry-heat environment of desert. RESULTS: The heatstroke rats have expressed the changing characteristics of mean arterial pressure, core temperature, and heart rate. The organ damage changed from mild to serious level, specifically in the morphology and blood enzymology parameters such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, uric acid, creatine kinase-MB, creatine kinase, and blood gas parameters such as base excess extracellular fluid and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). CONCLUSIONS: We have successfully established the rat heatstroke model of dry-heat environment of desert. We have identified heatstroke rats that presented changing characteristics on physiological indicators and varying degrees of organ damage, which are aggravated by the evolution of heatstroke in dry-heat environment of desert. We have preliminarily discussed the mechanism of heatstroke in dry-heat environment of desert.

Immune cell signatures and causal association with irritable bowel syndrome: A mendelian randomization study.

BACKGROUND: The mucosal barrier's immune-brain interactions, pivotal for neural development and function, are increasingly recognized for their potential causal and therapeutic relevance to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Prior studies linking immune inflammation with IBS have been inconsistent. To further elucidate this relationship, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of 731 immune cell markers to dissect the influence of various immune phenotypes on IBS. Our goal was to deepen our understanding of the disrupted brain-gut axis in IBS and to identify novel therapeutic targets. AIM: To leverage publicly available data to perform MR analysis on 731 immune cell markers and explore their impact on IBS. We aimed to uncover immunophenotypic associations with IBS that could inform future drug development and therapeutic strategies. METHODS: We performed a comprehensive two-sample MR analysis to evaluate the causal relationship between immune cell markers and IBS. By utilizing genetic data from public databases, we examined the causal associations between 731 immune cell markers, encompassing median fluorescence intensity, relative cell abundance, absolute cell count, and morphological parameters, with IBS susceptibility. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate our findings and address potential heterogeneity and pleiotropy. RESULTS: Bidirectional false discovery rate correction indicated no significant influence of IBS on immunophenotypes. However, our analysis revealed a causal impact of IBS on 30 out of 731 immune phenotypes (P < 0.05). Nine immune phenotypes demonstrated a protective effect against IBS [inverse variance weighting (IVW) < 0.05, odd ratio (OR) < 1], while 21 others were associated with an increased risk of IBS onset (IVW ≥ 0.05, OR ≥ 1). CONCLUSION: Our findings underscore a substantial genetic correlation between immune cell phenotypes and IBS, providing valuable insights into the pathophysiology of the condition. These results pave the way for the development of more precise biomarkers and targeted therapies for IBS. Furthermore, this research enriches our comprehension of immune cell roles in IBS pathogenesis, offering a foundation for more effective, personalized treatment approaches. These advancements hold promise for improving IBS patient quality of life and reducing the disease burden on individuals and their families.

Curcumin prevents renal cell apoptosis in acute kidney injury in a rat model of dry-heat environment heatstroke via inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.

Heatstroke is a life-threatening illness that is characterised by a core body temperature >40°C and central nervous system dysfunction. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of heatstroke, and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway has been demonstrated to be one of the leading causes of tissue damage and cell death in AKI. Curcumin is a phenol that is extracted from turmeric and demonstrates anti-apoptotic properties. To test if curcumin can protect the kidney from injury caused by heat stress, the effect of curcumin administration on renal injury and apoptosis of renal tissue was examined in a rat model of dry-heat environment. A total of 50 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=10): Standard temperature control, dry-heat control and curcumin treatment groups (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg groups). After exposure to a dry-heat environment for 150 min, the rats were anesthetized and euthanized. Blood, urine and renal tissue were collected to quantify the expression of specific mitochondrial apoptosis-related molecules. Curcumin pre-treatment decreased blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, urinary kidney injury molecule-1, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels compared with the dry-heat control group. Curcumin was also revealed to downregulate c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), cytochrome c, caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression upon treatment with 100 and 200 mg/kg curcumin, which may result in inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in renal cells. The current study revealed that Curcumin may to have potential for preventing heatstroke-induced AKI.

SRC-1 and Twist1 are prognostic indicators of liver cancer and are associated with cell viability, invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

BACKGROUND: Liver cancer is the second leading cause of worldwide cancer-related death, and it has an increasing incidence rate. To investigate the role of SRC-1 and Twist1 in liver cancer and determine their expression in terms of prognosis for patients with liver cancer and in general for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. METHODS: The present study included a total of 70 patients who underwent liver transplantation or hepatic resection surgeries in our hospital from May 2011 to December 2012. Demographic data and clinical variables as well as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) data were collected. The expression of SRC-1 and Twist1 was determined using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expression of SRC-1 in different HCC cell lines was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Following SRC-1 silencing by sh-RNA, cell viability, invasion, migration and expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT)-related proteins as well as Twist levels were measured. RESULTS: The expression of SRC-1 and Twist1 was positively correlated in HCC patients. The expression of SRC-1 differed significantly based on patient tumor diameter, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) grade, and state of liver cirrhosis, and it also differed in patients with dissimilar tumor metastasis conditions, while the expression of Twist1 in patients was significantly correlated with TNM grade and state of liver cirrhosis as well as by the conditions of tumor metastasis. Survival analysis showed that the expression of both SRC-1 and Twist1 were significantly associated with the overall survival (OS) time of HCC patients. Meanwhile, patients with both SRC-1 (+) and Twist1 (+) tissue had the lowest OS, while patients with both SRC-1 (-) and Twist1 (-) tissue had the highest OS. Cox univariate and multivariate analyzes showed that SRC-1 expression, tumor stage and liver cirrhosis were independent risk factors for OS time. SRC-1 was highly expressed in HCC cell lines, and inhibition of SRC-1 had a significantly negative impact on cell viability, invasion, migration and EMT; it also inhibited the expression of Twist. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of both Twist1 and SRC-1 were correlated with clinical outcomes and prognoses for HCC patients, and both Twist1 and SRC-1 were independent risk factors for HCC patient survival conditions. Inhibition of SRC-1 suppressed cell proliferation, invasion, migration and EMT of HCC cells, which might be the result of Twist inhibition.

Injuries of myocardial cells and changes of myocardial enzymes after firearm wound-induced intestinal perforation in porcine abdomen.

This study aims to observe the changes of myocardial injuries after the firearm wound-induced intestinal perforation in porcine abdomen. 42 healthy Landrace piglets were randomly divided into the control group and the injury group, which was then subdivided into the post-injury 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h subgroup. the LDH, CK and CK-MB levels of each group, as well as the plasma endotoxin, were determined and compared. The plasma endotoxin levels of the experimental groups were significantly higher than the control group, and the light microscope observation revealed that the 8 h, 12 h and 24 h subgroup appeared the gradually-aggravated myocardial cell edema and degeneration; the electron microscope revealed that the 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h subgroup appeared the mitochondrial swelling and dissolution gradually; the serum levels of LDH, CK and CK-MB of each experimental group were higher than the control group. The abdominal firearm wound-induced intestinal perforation would lead to the damaged changes of myocardial morphology and enzymes, which would aggravate as time went along.