RESUMO
An interactive Web-based learning module on the temporal bone has been developed. It shows normal temporal bone anatomy in four imaging planes: axial, coronal, and parallel and perpendicular to the long axis of the petrous bone. After reviewing the normal anatomy, users should be able to identify key imaging features of pathologic conditions of the temporal bone. Children with congenital abnormalities of the temporal bone may present with conductive or sensorineural hearing loss or both and may have a genetic syndrome. Acute otitis media is the most common infection of the temporal bone and is most prevalent among children. Although imaging is unnecessary in uncomplicated otitis media, it is important for evaluation of infectious complications. Classically, temporal bone fractures were described as longitudinal or transverse with respect to the long axis of the petrous bone. However, it is increasingly recognized that many fractures have both longitudinal and transverse components. Patients with temporal bone fractures may have conductive or sensorineural hearing loss in addition to other complications. The most common tumor of the temporal bone at the cerebellopontine angle is the vestibular schwannoma. Paraganglioma is the second most common tumor of the temporal bone and the most common tumor of the middle ear. Supplemental material available at http://uwmsk.org/temporalbone/atlas.html.