A cost-effectiveness analysis of fluoride varnish application in preventing Root caries in elderly persons: a Markov simulation study.

BACKGROUND: Root caries are prevalent issues that affect dental health, particularly among elderly individuals with exposed root surfaces. Fluoride therapy has shown effectiveness in preventing root caries, but limited studies have addressed its cost-effectiveness in elderly persons population. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a fluoride treatment program for preventing root caries in elderly persons within the context of Chinese public healthcare. METHODS: A Markov simulation model was adopted for the cost-effectiveness analysis in a hypothetical scenario from a healthcare system perspective. A 60-year-old subject with 23 teeth was simulated for 20 years. A 5% sodium fluoride varnish treatment was compared with no preventive intervention in terms of effectiveness and cost. Tooth years free of root caries were set as the effect. Transition probabilities were estimated from the data of a community-based cohort and published studies, and costs were based on documents published by the government. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated to evaluate cost-effectiveness. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the influence of data uncertainty. RESULTS: Fluoride treatment was more effective (with a difference of 10.20 root caries-free tooth years) but also more costly (with a difference of ¥1636.22). The ICER was ¥160.35 per root caries-free tooth year gained. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that the risk ratio of root caries in the fluoride treatment group influenced the result most. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, fluoride treatment was cost-effective in 70.5% of the simulated cases. CONCLUSIONS: Regular 5% sodium fluoride varnish application was cost-effective for preventing root caries in the elderly persons in most scenarios with the consideration of data uncertainty, but to a limited extent. Improved public dental health awareness may reduce the incremental cost and make the intervention more cost-effective. Overall, the study shed light on the economic viability and impact of such preventive interventions, providing a scientific basis for dental care policies and healthcare resource allocation.

Integrative Proteome Analysis Revels 3-Hydroxybutyrate Exerts Neuroprotective Effect by Influencing Chromatin Bivalency.

3-hydroxybutyrate (3OHB) has been proved to act as a neuroprotective molecule in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we employed a quantitative proteomics approach to assess the changes of the global protein expression pattern of neural cells upon 3OHB administration. In combination with a disease-related, protein-protein interaction network we pinpointed a hub marker, histone lysine 27 trimethylation, which is one of the key epigenetic markers in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Integrative analysis of transcriptomic and epigenomic datasets highlighted the involvement of bivalent transcription factors in 3OHB-mediated disease protection and its alteration of neuronal development processes. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that 3OHB impaired the fate decision process of neural precursor cells by repressing differentiation and promoting proliferation. Our study provides a new mechanism of 3OHB's neuroprotective effect, in which chromatin bivalency is sensitive to 3OHB alteration and drives its neuroprotective function both in neurodegenerative diseases and in neural development processes.

Periodontitis aggravates renal inflammatory response in a mouse model of renal fibrosis.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of periodontitis on renal interstitial fibrosis in a mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty C57BL/6 male mice were divided into control, periodontitis (PD), unilateral ureteral ligation (UUO) and PD+UUO groups. Unilateral ureteral ligation was performed 6 days after periodontitis. After 2 weeks, all mice were sacrificed, and samples were collected for the assessment of gene expression, immune cells, biochemical indicators and renal pathology. RESULTS: Expression of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1ß, and Ly6G in the kidneys in the PD+UUO group was significantly greater than in the UUO group. The percentage of CD11b+ Ly6G+ cells was significantly higher in the PD+UUO than in the UUO group. Fibrotic areas in the kidneys in the PD+UUO group were slightly, but not significantly, greater than those in the UUO group. Kidneys from the PD+UUO group showed markedly higher gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9, but not α-smooth muscle actin or collagen I, than those in the UUO group. There were no significant differences in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and uric acid between the PD+UUO and UUO groups. CONCLUSIONS: Periodontitis increases the renal inflammatory response without showing a significant influence on renal interstitial fibrosis or renal function in the UUO mouse model.

Relationship between periodontal disease and male infertility: A case-control study.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the prevalence of chronic periodontitis between men who had semen abnormalities and those who had normozoospermia through a case-control study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male patients who visited the assisted reproduction clinic of a large general hospital and were diagnosed with semen abnormalities were included in the case group. The control group was composed of patients of the same clinic with normozoospermia. The semen analysis included sperm concentration, count and progressive and total motility, which were measured in the laboratory. A questionnaire and clinical periodontal examination were conducted for all participants. Logistic regression was performed to explore the relationship between chronic periodontitis and male infertility. RESULTS: A total of 192 participants were included: 63 participants (32.8%) had some type of semen abnormality (case group), while 129 participants (67.2%) had normozoospermia (control group). The case group had a significantly higher prevalence of moderate/severe periodontitis than the control group (33.3% vs. 17.8%, p = .012). The logistic regression showed that participants who had moderate/severe periodontitis had a greater chance of having semen abnormalities after adjusting for other confounding factors (OR = 3.377, p = .005). CONCLUSIONS: Periodontitis is associated with semen abnormalities and sperm motility in men.

Trend on dental caries status and its risk indicators in children aged 12 years in China: a multilevel analysis based on the repeated national cross-sectional surveys in 2005 and 2015.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the trend and risk indicators for dental caries of children aged 12 years in China based on national oral health survey data in 2005 and 2015. METHODS: Research data were from the two latest national oral health surveys conducted in mainland China, including 30 and 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in 2005 and 2015, respectively. Children aged 12 years were clinically examined for dental caries and dental fluorosis according to the World Health Organization criteria. Sociodemographic characteristics and oral health-related behaviours were collected using questionnaires. Multilevel zero-inflated negative binomial regression model was used to investigate the association between dental caries severity and dental fluorosis, sociodemographic characteristics, and oral health-related behaviours. RESULTS: The final analyses included 12,350 and 27,818 children surveyed in 2005 and 2015, respectively. The standardized prevalence of dental caries increased from 27.05% (95% confidence interval [CI], 24.25-28.85) in 2005 to 37.92% (95% CI, 34.94-40.90) in 2015, and the respective standardized mean decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index scores increased from 0.50 (standard deviation [SD], 1.04) to 0.83 (SD, 1.45) (P < 0.001). Fujian province had the highest increase in dental caries, followed by Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Hainan, and Yunnan. Results revealed that children who were girls, more frequently experienced dental pain, and had more recent dental visits, had significantly higher DMFT scores after adjusting for the survey year and other variables (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Dental caries of 12-year-old children in China deteriorated from 2005 to 2015, particularly in the northeast and southwest regions. Dental caries was associated with sex, dental pain, and dental service utilization.

Simvastatin Attenuates Neurogenetic Damage and Improves Neurocongnitive Deficits Induced by Isoflurane in Neonatal Rats.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Isoflurane inhibited neurogenesis and induced subsequent neurocognitive deficits in developing brain. Simvastatin exerts neuroprotection in a wide range of brain injury models. In the present study, we investigated whether simvastatin could attenuate neurogenetic inhibition and cognitive deficits induced by isoflurane exposure in neonatal rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats at postnatal day (PND) 7 and neural stem cells (NSCs) were treated with either gas mixture, isoflurane, or simvastatin 60 min prior to isoflurane exposure, respectively. The rats were decapitated at PND 8 and PND 10 for detection of neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus by immunostaining. NSC proliferation, viability and apoptosis were assessed by immunohistochemistry, CCK-8 and TUNEL, respectively. The protein expressions of caspase-3, p-Akt and p-GSK-3ß both in vivo and vitro were assessed by western blotting. Cognitive functions were assessed by Morris Water Maze test and context fear conditioning test at the adult. RESULTS: Isoflurane exposure inhibited neurogenesis in the SVZ and SGZ, decreased NSC proliferation and viability, promoted NSC apoptosis and led to late cognitive deficits. Furthermore, isoflurane increased caspase-3 expression and decreased protein expressions of p-Akt and p-GSK-3ß both in vivo and in vitro. Pretreatment with simvastatin attenuated isoflurane-elicited changes in NSCs and cognitive function. Co-treatment with LY294002 reversed the effect of simvastatin on NSCs in vitro. CONCLUSION: We for the first time showed that simvastatin, by upregulating Akt/GSK-3ß signaling pathway, alleviated isoflurane-induced neurogenetic damage and neurocognitive deficits in developing rat brain.

Impact of periodontal conditions on the quality of life of pregnant women: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Studies have been rarely conducted to provide a comprehensive perspective of pregnant women with the intention to investigate the relationships between periodontal conditions and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). As such, this study aimed to describe the OHRQoL of pregnant women in Shanghai, China and to investigate the relationships between periodontal conditions and OHRQoL of pregnant women. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst pregnant women in all stages of pregnancy in Shanghai, China. Clinical examinations were performed to assess periodontal conditions, including tooth loss, visible plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. The OHRQoL of pregnant women was determined using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14, Chinese version). Information regarding maternal characteristics, socio-demographic background and health-related behaviours was also obtained from the participants through the structured questionnaires. RESULTS: A total of 512 pregnant women (mean age = 27.3 ± 4.0 years)participated in the survey,giving a response rate of 91.4 %. The mean gestational age was 19 weeks (SD = 8.2). The mean and the median OHIP-14 scores were 7.92 (SD = 6.84) and 6, respectively. The mean number of negative impact items (extent) was 0.20 (SD = 0.82). Approximately 10 % of pregnant women reported at least one item with 'fairly often' or 'very often' (prevalence). Results of multivariable analyses showed that periodontal conditions was not significantly associated with three scoring formats of OHRQoL (severity, extent and prevalence of impact) after adjustment for pregnancy-related variables and possible confounders (all p > 0.05). However, frequency of nausea-vomiting was found to be significantly associated with severity of impacts (p = 0.012). Utilization of dental services, age and tooth loss were the significant variables to the extent of negative impacts (all p < 0.05). While no significant variable was related with prevalence of negative impacts (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Pregnant women with different trimesters showed similar impact of oral disease on their OHRQoL in Shanghai, China. Periodontal health status have no impact on their OHRQoL in the fully adjusted models. Their OHRQoL was associated with early pregnancy reaction, utilisation of dental services, age and tooth loss.

Factors associated with black tooth stain in Chinese preschool children.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of black tooth stain and associated factors in primary dentition in Shanghai, China. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Through a cross-sectional design, preschool children were randomly recruited from 12 kindergartens. Children's dental caries were assessed on the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) and surfaces (dmfs). The presence of black tooth stain was examined, and the visible plaque index was calculated. Questionnaires were completed by the children's parents or guardians. Negative binomial regression was used to investigate the associated factors. RESULTS: A total of 2,023 children were invited, and 1,397 examined participants with questionnaire data were included in final analysis. The rate of black tooth stain was 9.9 % with mean age of 4.55 years. Compared to children without black stain, children with black stain had a significant lower prevalence and experience of dental caries (P < 0.01). Factors for black stain were age, born in Shanghai, parents' higher education level, lower visible plaque index and mean dmfs, less use of nursing bottle, food with more soy sauce, and history of pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: Preschool children with black tooth stain had fewer dental caries. Further studies are warranted to explore the microbiologic risk factors for black tooth stain and to evaluate the causal-effect factors using prospective study design. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In clinics, dentists should pay more attention to this aesthetic problem for the relative high prevalence of black tooth stain in primary dentition. Also, the related factors can be explained to parents for the prevention of black tooth stain in children.

Risk indicators of oral health status among young adults aged 18 years analyzed by negative binomial regression.

BACKGROUND: Limited information on oral health status for young adults aged 18 year-olds is known, and no available data exists in Hong Kong. The aims of this study were to investigate the oral health status and its risk indicators among young adults in Hong Kong using negative binomial regression. METHODS: A survey was conducted in a representative sample of Hong Kong young adults aged 18 years. Clinical examinations were taken to assess oral health status using DMFT index and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) according to WHO criteria. Negative binomial regressions for DMFT score and the number of sextants with healthy gums were performed to identify the risk indicators of oral health status. RESULTS: A total of 324 young adults were examined. Prevalence of dental caries experience among the subjects was 59% and the overall mean DMFT score was 1.4. Most subjects (95%) had a score of 2 as their highest CPI score. Negative binomial regression analyses revealed that subjects who had a dental visit within 3 years had significantly higher DMFT scores (IRR = 1.68, p < 0.001). Subjects who brushed their teeth more frequently (IRR = 1.93, p < 0.001) and those with better dental knowledge (IRR = 1.09, p = 0.002) had significantly more sextants with healthy gums. CONCLUSIONS: Dental caries experience of the young adults aged 18 years in Hong Kong was not high but their periodontal condition was unsatisfactory. Their oral health status was related to their dental visit behavior, oral hygiene habit, and oral health knowledge.

A randomized trial on the inhibitory effect of chewing gum containing tea polyphenol on caries.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to determine the cariostatic potential of a chewing gum containing tea polyphenol. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 157 schoolchildren aged 8-9 years were randomly allocated into three groups. Two groups received chewing gum with or without tea polyphenol. A third group did not receive any chewing gum. A single examiner assessed the caries status for all participates at baseline, 12 months and 24 months. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to evaluate differences among the groups at each interval The Chi-square test was used to compare the caries-free rate among the three groups. RESULTS: The mean DMFT increment was 0.17 for the polyphenol gum group, 0.60 for the control gum group, and 1.15 for the no gum group. Children who chewed gum containing tea polyphenol had a significantly lower mean DMFS increment over the 24-month period than did the other two groups (p < 0.05). The caries-free rate in the polyphenol gum group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups (p < 0.05) after two years. CONCLUSION: These findings indicated that the oral application of chewing gum with tea polyphenol has an inhibitory effect on dental caries.

[Investigation and analysis of the current situation of dental technical professionals in Shanghai medical institutions].

PURPOSE: To investigate the current situation of dental technical personnel team in medical institutions in Shanghai, and to provide reference for the construction of dental technical discipline and development of dental personnel team in the National Center for Stomatology (Shanghai). METHODS: Random sample questionnaire and expert interviews were used to find out the awareness, satisfaction and improvement suggestions of dental technicians among physicians, nursing and medical technicians in medical institutions in Shanghai. RESULTS: Among the positions engaged in by dental technicians, dental prosthetic technician, dental radiology technician and laboratory technician were the three most important positions at present, 62.3% of doctors and nurses were satisfied with the work of dental technicians, while 56.2% of dental medical technicians were generally or relatively unsatisfied with their current work. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to increase training and education opportunities for dental technicians, improve the talent echelon, introduce high-level talents, improve the working environment and treatment, broaden promotion channels, strengthen communication and exchange with medical care, and build a first-class medical technical personnel team that is compatible with the clinical level of stomatology.

Kinase inhibit region of SOCS3 attenuates IL6-induced proliferation and astrocytic differentiation of neural stem cells via cross talk between signaling pathways.

AIMS: Efficiency of neural stem cells (NSCs) therapy for brain injury is restricted by astrogliosis around the damaged region, in which JAK2/STAT3 signaling plays a key role. The SOCS3 that can directly inhibit JAK/STAT3 pathway. Here, we investigated the effects of a fusion peptide that combined kinase inhibitory region (KIR) of SOCS3 and virus trans-activator of transcription (TAT) on biological behavior of cultured NSCs under inflammatory conditions. METHODS: NSCs were isolated from embryonic brain of SD rats, TAT-KIR was synthesized, and penetration rate was evaluated by flow cytometry (FACS). CCK8, immunostaining, and FACS were used to detected of TAT-KIR on the proliferation of NSCs. The expressions of GFAP and ß tubulin III positive cells induced by IL6 with/without TAT-KIR were examined by immunostaining and Western blotting to observe the NSCs differentiation, and the effect of TAT-KIR on signaling cross talk was observed by Western blotting. RESULTS: Penetration rate of TAT-KIR into primary cultured NSCs was up to 94%. TAT-KIR did not affect the growth and viability of NSCs. It significantly reduced the NSCs proliferation that enhanced by IL-6 stimulation via blocking the cell cycle progression from the G0/G1 to S phase. In addition, TAT-KIR attenuated astrocytic differentiation and kept high level of neuronal differentiation derived from IL-6-induced NSCs. The fate of NSCs differentiation under inflammatory conditions was affected by TAT-KIR, which was associated with synchronous inhibition of STAT3 and AKT, while promoting JNK expression. CONCLUSION: TAT-KIR mimetic of SOCS3 could be a promising approach for brain repair via regulating the biological behaviors of exogenous NSCs.

Roles of oral microbiota and oral-gut microbial transmission in hypertension.

INTRODUCTION: Considerable evidence has linked periodontitis (PD) to hypertension (HTN), but the nature behind this connection is unclear. Dysbiosis of oral microbiota leading to PD is known to aggravate different systematic diseases, but the alteration of oral microbiota in HTN and their impacts on blood pressure (BP) remains to be discovered. OBJECTIVES: To characterize the alterations of oral and gut microbiota and their roles in HTN. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional (95 HTN participants and 39 controls) and a 6-month follow-up study (52 HTN participants and 26 controls) to analyze the roles of oral and gut microbiota in HTN. Saliva, subgingival plaques, and feces were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing or metagenomic analysis. C57BL/6J mice were pretreated with antibiotics to deplete gut microbiota, and then transplanted with human saliva by gavage to test the impacts of abnormal oral-gut microbial transmission on HTN. RESULTS: BP in participants with PD was higher than no PD in both cross-sectional and follow-up cohort. Relative abundances of 14 salivary genera, 15 subgingival genera and 10 gut genera significantly altered in HTN and those of 7 salivary genera, 12 subgingival genera and 6 gut genera significantly correlated with BP. Sixteen species under 5 genera were identified as oral-gut transmitters, illustrating the presence of oral-gut microbial transmission in HTN. Veillonella was a frequent oral-gut transmitter stably enriched in HTN participants of both cross-sectional and follow-up cohorts. Saliva from HTN participants increased BP in hypertensive mice. Human saliva-derived Veillonella successfully colonized in mouse gut, more abundantly under HTN condition. CONCLUSIONS: PD and oral microbiota are strongly associated with HTN, likely through oral-gut transmission of microbes. Ectopic colonization of saliva-derived Veillonella in the gut may aggravate HTN. Therefore, precise manipulations of oral microbiota and/or oral-gut microbial transmission may be useful strategies for better prevention and treatment of HTN.

Status of the dental health care workforce in Shanghai, China.

OBJECTIVES: The status of the dental health care workforce in Shanghai was investigated in order to support and improve regional planning of this workforce. METHODS: Questionnaires were used to survey all dental medical units in Shanghai. Data were collected on the quantity, structure and levels of dental health personnel. RESULTS: A total of 852 dental medical units and 3,218 dentists were identified in Shanghai. The ratio of dentists to population is 1 : 5,201. CONCLUSIONS: Presently, the total dental health workforce in Shanghai is relatively sufficient, but its distribution is inequitable because there are fewer dental health personnel employed in the suburbs. Moreover, the structure of the dental health workforce in Shanghai is inequitable and specialists in preventive dentistry are lacking. The results of this study can be applied to help Shanghai achieve the rational distribution and efficient utilisation of the dental health workforce available.

Neurotrophin-3 gene transduction of mouse neural stem cells promotes proliferation and neuronal differentiation in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures.

BACKGROUND: The transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) has been accepted as a promising therapeutic strategy for central nervous system disorders. However, the beneficial effect of NSC transplantation upon functional recovery is limited due to the unfavorable microenvironment (niche) at the site of trauma or degenerative disease in the brain. Combination of transplantation of NSCs with neurotrophins may overcome the hurdles of impaired cell survival and neuronal differentiation. MATERIAL/METHODS: In the current study, the neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) gene was transduced into cultured mouse embryonic cortical NSCs via an AAV vector (NSC-NT-3). The effect of NT-3 over-expression on cell proliferation and differentiation in NSCs was observed by immunohistochemistry, cell culture and organotypic hippocampal slice cultures.
RESULTS: The characteristics of self-renewal and multiple differentiation of NSCs were well-preserved. Cells in the NSC-NT-3 group proliferated faster and differentiated into more ß-tubulin III-positive neurons compared to the control group in vitro. Furthermore, cells in the NSC-NT-3 group survived in a significantly higher percentage and undertook neuronal differentiation preferably in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the transduction of NT-3 into NSCs could effectively promote NSCs survival, proliferation, and neuronal differentiation in vitro without change of the stemness of NSCs. This work also offers evidence to better understand the safety and efficiency of combined treatment with NT-3 and NSCs for the central nervous system disorders.

[Investigation and analysis on the status of conducting clinical research among oral health professionals].

PURPOSE: To understand oral health professionals' knowledge, attitude, behavior and training needs related to clinical research, and explore relevant factors affecting clinical research knowledge level. METHODS: An online self-designed questionnaire was conducted among oral health professionals from the collaborative innovation network member units of the National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases (Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine). The data were processed with SAS 9.4 software package. RESULTS: A total of 281 oral health professionals were enrolled in the study. Most of them had a positive attitude towards clinical research, 80% of them had an idea of carrying out clinical research, while only 22.8% of them implemented finally. The main causes restricting oral health professionals from conducting clinical research were lack of time (68.3%), insufficient teams (63.7%), and short of financial support (60.9%). Participants' mean score of clinical research knowledge was (13.72±7.20) points. Multiple linear regression model showed the type of hospital, clinical research participation in the past five years and epidemiologists' or statisticians' involvement in the latest project were related to participants' knowledge level of clinical research. CONCLUSIONS: Oral health professionals have a positive attitude towards clinical research, while their behavior and knowledge about clinical research were weak. Strengthening the top design of clinical research is inseparable from the cultivation of professionals' clinical research ability. The national clinical research center should give full play to the mission of the "national team", accelerate the establishment of a specialized, normalized and large-scale clinical research training pattern, and provide training opportunities to network member units.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Tooth Wear in Shanghai.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and distribution of tooth wear among groups of adolescents and adults in Shanghai, China through an epidemiological survey, and explore the associated factors. METHODS: Multistage, stratified, constant volume and cluster sampling methods were used in an epidemiological survey conducted in Shanghai in 2014. The basic erosive wear examination (BEWE) index was used to screen for tooth wear in different age groups: 12 years, 15 years, 18 to 35 years, 36 to 49 years and 50 to 74 years. A previously published questionnaire collected information including dietary habits, oral hygiene habits and general conditions. RESULTS: This survey reports the results for 1806 participants in Shanghai. The prevalence of tooth wear was 59.7% in adolescents (BEWE ≥ 1) and 93.1% in adults (BEWE ≥ 2). The prevalence and severity of disease increased with age (P < 0.01). The teeth most susceptible to wear were the central incisors and first molars. Multivariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) results showed that soft drinks, alcoholic drinks, pickled vegetables and hard food, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), xerostomia and poor tooth brushing habits were statistically correlated with tooth wear in different age groups. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of tooth wear appears to be high in adolescents and adults in Shanghai. Frequent consumption of soft or alcoholic drinks, GERD, xerostomia and poor tooth brushing habits were positively associated with tooth wear in different age groups.

[The effect of chronic kidney disease on periodontitis-related microorganisms in mice].

PURPOSE: To explore the effect of chronic kidney disease on the composition of oral microbial community in mice and find the significant species. METHODS: Twenty C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: healthy control group (HC), periodontitis group (PD), chronic kidney disease group (CKD) and chronic kidney disease and periodontitis group (CKD+PD). The periodontitis model was created in the fourth week when the chronic kidney disease model was established, and then the mice were sacrificed in the sixth week. Histopathological analysis of the kidney was performed by H-E staining and Masson's trichrome staining. Alveolar bone resorption of maxilla was analyzed by micro-CT analysis. The third-generation full-length sequencing of 16SrRNA gene was used to analyze the composition of oral microbial community among groups. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0 software package. RESULTS: There were significant differences in alveolar bone resorption, the richness of species and the overall composition of the microbial community among the four groups (P＜0.001). In CKD group, Streptococcus azizii had the most significant abundance. Escherichia coli was the most significantly different species among identifiable bacteria in CKD+PD group, while Staphylococcus lentus and Lactobacillus murinus were species with the most significant differences in HC group and PD group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The composition of the oral microbial community was significantly different among four groups with significant species.

[Characteristics of clinical trials of mucosal melanoma registered in WHO ICTRP].

PURPOSE: To analyze the characteristics of clinical trials of mucosal melanoma (MM) based on WHO international clinical trial registration platform (ICTRP), in order to provide a reference for clinical translational research of mucosal melanoma. METHODS: WHO ICTRP database were searched to collect MM-related clinical trials. Two reviewers independently screened items, extracted data, and descriptive analysis was performed for the included trials, including number of registrations, research phase, country/region, clinical study design, etc. RESULTS: The results showed that there were 51 registered clinical trials involving MM. European and American countries and East Asia were the main study sites, and head and neck MM were mainly investigated in East Asia (11/12). Forty-eight of them were sponsored by investigators, and only 3 were sponsored by biomedical companies. The main clinical trials were single center (42 items) and in stage II (38 items). Interventions were complex, and multiple treatments and drug therapy accounted a dominant position. CONCLUSIONS: In-depth analysis of clinical trials information can help to understand the current situation and development trends in the field of mucosal melanoma. The number of clinical studies of mucosal melanoma is relatively small and has not received much attention.

[Instructions for clinical research of oral diseases under the first level response to public health emergencies].

Corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) has swept across our country and local governments have successively initiated first level response to public health emergencies. The outbreak of COVID-19 poses a huge challenge to the implementation of various clinical researches including oral diseases. In view of the specialty of oral diseases, it is particularly necessary to protect the health and rights of the participators and related practitioners, and to standardize the implementation of clinical trials. Based on the normative standards issued by the National Health Commission of China, consensus on clinical trial management formulated by the organization of clinical research, and regulations for the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases during public health emergencies by Chinese Stomatological Association, we drafted the guideline for clinical research of oral diseases, with a view to provide reference for the clinical studies of oral diseases under the first level response to major public health emergencies.