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BACKGROUND: Objective: To understand the barriers associated with self-management of oral health among rural older adults in Guangxi, and to explore the high incidence of oral problems. This information will assist in the formulation of relevant strategies to solve the oral health problems in this population. METHODS: Taking a phenomenological approach, the current status of, and barriers to, oral health self-management in rural older adults from different regions of Guangxi were explored. Participants were purposively selected and interviewed face-to-face. RESULTS: The interviews yielded four overarching themes and six corresponding sub-themes pertaining to barriers in oral health self-management. These included: (1) Older adults' understanding of oral health and disease, perceptions of oral health and their oral health behaviours; (2) Problems in accessing oral health information; (3) Role of family support; and (4) Barriers to healthcare that included access to dental services, oral treatment experience and financial burden of access to dental care. CONCLUSION: Rural older adults in Guangxi face oral health self-management barriers. Improving access to oral healthcare services and changing existing oral health perceptions and habits may assist them in overcoming self-management challenges.
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BACKGROUND AND AIM: Mild hypothermia in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is increasingly being studied. This study aimed to conduct a systematic evaluation of the effectiveness of mild hypothermia in improving hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS: We systematically searched CNKI, WanFang Data, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for original studies that used animal experiments to determine how mild hypothermia(32-34°C) pretreatment improves hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury(in situ 70% liver IR model). The search period ranged from the inception of the databases to May 5, 2023. Two researchers independently filtered the literature, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias incorporated into the study. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.1 and Stata 15 software. RESULTS: Eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving a total of 117 rats/mice were included. The results showed that the ALT levels in the mild hypothermia pretreatment group were significantly lower than those in the normothermic control group [Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) = -5.94, 95% CI(-8.09, -3.78), P<0.001], and AST levels in the mild hypothermia pretreatment group were significantly lower than those in the normothermic control group [SMD = -4.45, 95% CI (-6.10, -2.78), P<0.001]. The hepatocyte apoptosis rate in the mild hypothermia pretreatment group was significantly lower than that in the normothermic control group [SMD = -6.86, 95% CI (-10.38, -3.33), P<0.001]. Hepatocyte pathology score in the mild hypothermia pretreatment group was significantly lower than that in the normothermic control group [SMD = -4.36, 95% CI (-5.78, -2.95), P<0.001]. There was no significant difference in MPO levels between the mild hypothermia preconditioning group and the normothermic control group [SMD = -4.83, 95% CI (-11.26, 1.60), P = 0.14]. SOD levels in the mild hypothermia preconditioning group were significantly higher than those in the normothermic control group [SMD = 3.21, 95% CI (1.27, 5.14), P = 0.001]. MDA levels in the mild hypothermia pretreatment group were significantly lower than those in the normothermic control group [SMD = -4.06, 95% CI (-7.06, -1.07) P = 0.008]. CONCLUSION: Mild hypothermia can attenuate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, effectively reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response, prevent hepatocyte apoptosis, and protect liver function.
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Hipotermia Induzida , Fígado , Traumatismo por Reperfusão , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/terapia , Animais , Hipotermia Induzida/métodos , Fígado/patologia , Camundongos , Ratos , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between the multiple chronic conditions (MCC), mental health and cognitive function of older adults in the community, and to propose a hypothesis that depressive symptom mediate the number of chronic diseases and cognitive impairment in older adults. Method: Participants aged 65 years and older from 35 communities in 14 cities in Guangxi, China were recruited. The residents' depressive symptom (PHQ-9) and cognitive status (AD-8) were evaluated, Chi-square test was used to explore the effects of different socio-demographic characteristics on depressive symptom and cognitive impairment. Pearson correlation analysis and the process model 4 were used to explore the relationship between the number of chronic diseases, depressive symptom and cognitive impairment. Result: A total of 11,582 older adults were included in our analysis. The rate of MCC reaching 26.53%. Hypertension combined with diabetes accounts for the highest proportion of two chronic diseases (13.2%). Among the combination of three chronic diseases, the highest incidence of coexisting hypertension combined with cervical/lumbar spondylosis, and rheumatoid arthritis (7.1%). In this study, depression symptoms accounted for 12.9% of older adults aged 65 and above, and cognitive impairment accounted for 27.4%. Female, older age, reside in urban areas, lower educational levels, no spouse, live alone, and MCC were risk factors for depressive symptom and cognitive impairment in older adults (P<0.05). Depressive symptom had a mediating effect in the number of chronic diseases and cognitive impairment, and the mediating effect (1.109) accounted for 44.13% of the total effect (0.247). Conclusion: The mental health of the older adult needs to be taken seriously, and improving depressive symptom can reduce the occurrence of cognitive impairment in older patients with MCC to a certain extent.
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Although epidemiology and toxicology studies have demonstrated that exposure to ambient air particles could result in a variety of lung diseases, but the pulmonary toxicological mechanism remains obscure. In this study, the toxicity of PM2.5 particles in different concentrations was investigated by toxicological methods, including the luminescent bacteria acute toxicity test and genotoxicity performed by SOS chromogenic reaction. The results indicated that, the acute toxicity and genotoxicity were low and negative, respectively. In addition, rats were treated with PM2.5 suspension through intratracheal instillation, and the pathologic changes and expression of different genes in their lungs were carried out. We found that PM2.5 exposure resulted in fibrotic changes and inflammation in the lung with the increase in PM2.5 concentration. Pathway analysis indicated that PM2.5 can induce pulmonary toxicity through disturbing the function of ribosomal protein, fatty acids, and cholesterol metabolism, suggesting an inflammatory reaction in the lung is caused by genetic damage and is irreversible. A gene ontology analysis revealed that abnormal expression of related genes in the immune response could be the specific pathway of lung inflammation. These findings improve our understanding of the toxicological pathway and mechanism of PM2.5 exposure.
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Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Material Particulado/efeitos adversos , Animais , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/metabolismo , Camundongos , Tamanho da Partícula , Ratos , Testes de ToxicidadeRESUMO
Organobentonites synthesized by replacing the metal ions in bentonite with cetyltrimethylammonium (CTMA) or tetramethylammonium cation (TMA) were investigated for their behaviors to sorb benzene, toluene, p-xylene from water. The results served to distinguish the sorption mechanisms (adsorption or partition) of the two types of organobentonites. Bentonites modified with short-chain alkyl functional groups (e.g., TMA) sorb organic contaminants primarily by an adsorption process, in which the sorbed amount decreases with increasing steric hindrance of the organic compound and the process exhibits a competitive effect because of steric hindrance in multisolute systems. In contrast, the sorption of contaminants to organobentonites modified with long-chain alkyl groups (e.g., CTMA) occurs by partition process without exhibiting a competitive effect, and the additional organic compounds may induce a cosorptive effect. In the latter case, the measured distribution coefficients of organic compounds between organobentonites and water (log Kd) are positively correlated with the octanol-water partition coefficients of the compounds (logKow) and the sorption process exhibits no competitive effect in multi-solute systems.
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Bentonita/química , Benzeno/química , Compostos de Cetrimônio/química , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/química , Tolueno/química , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Adsorção , Análise de RegressãoRESUMO
Transition-metal is known to catalyze peroxymonosulfate (PMS) decomposition to produce sulfate radicals. Here we report reactions between PMS and chloride, without a need of transition metals, also can be used to degrade organic dye pollutant (Rhodamine B, (RhB)). Some important operating parameters, such as dosages of PMS and Cl(-), pH of solution, temperature, ionic strength, and several common cations, were systematically investigated. Almost complete decoloration of RhB was achieved within 5 min ([PMS] = 0.5 mM, [Cl(-)] = 120 mM, and pH 3.0), and RhB bleaching rate increased with the increased dosages of both PMS and chloride ion, following the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. However, the total organic carbon (TOC) removal results demonstrated that the decoloration of RhB was due to the destruction of chromophore rather than complete degradation. RhB decoloration could be significantly accelerated due to the high ionic strength. Increasing of the reaction temperature from 273 K to 333 K was beneficial to the RhB degradation, and the activation energy was determined to be 32.996 kJ/mol. Bleaching rate of RhB with the examined cations increased with the order of NH4 (+) < Na(+) < K(+) < Al(3+) < Ca(2+) < Mg(2+). Some major degradation products of RhB were identified by GC-MS. The present study may have active technical implications for the treatment of dyestuff wastewater in practice.