Spatiotemporal dynamics of ecosystem supply service intensity in China: Patterns, drivers, and implications for sustainable development.

With the steady development of global economy and the rapid increase of population, it is of great significance to quantify the supply capacity of ecosystem services and reveal its driving factors for sustainable development. We quantify the ecosystem supply service intensity (ESSI) using multiple sources of natural and cultural data from 2000 to 2020. We then jointly analyze this data with the information entropy of the land to obtain the temporal and spatial evolution law of ESSI under multiple scales in China. At the same time, according to the spatial distribution of ESSI in China, the concept of China's ecosystem supply service intensity development equilibrium line (ESSIL) is innovatively put forward. The results show that the spatial distribution pattern of China's ESSI is symmetrical with the ESSIL which is nearly orthogonal to Hu Huanyong line. Because of the different regional development policies, different regions with different economic levels have different driving effects on land change. Furthermore, due to the country's large size, the primary ESSI drivers vary greatly throughout its various regions. The assessment of the ESSI changes in China from multi-scale, combined with the effects of land cover change, climate and human activities, and put forward a new pattern distribution mode of ESSI in China, which provides a new perspective for formulating ecologically sustainable development strategies in large-scale areas.

Spatial-Temporal Characteristic Analysis of Ethnic Toponyms Based on Spatial Information Entropy at the Rural Level in Northeast China.

As a symbol language, toponyms have inherited the unique local historical culture in the long process of historical development. As the birthplace of Manchu, there are many toponyms originated from multi-ethnic groups (e.g., Manchu, Mongol, Korean, Hui, and Xibe) in Northeast China which possess unique cultural connotations. This study aimed to (1) establish a spatial-temporal database of toponyms in Northeast China using a multi-source data set, and identify their ethnic types and origin times; and (2) explore the geographical distribution characteristics of ethnic toponyms and the evolution of rural settlements by comparing the spatial analysis and spatial information entropy methods. The results found that toponyms reflect not only the spatial distribution characteristics of the density and direction of ethnic groups, but also the migration law of rural settlements. Results also confirm that toponyms contain unique cultural connotations and provide a theoretical basis for the protection and promotion of the cultural connotations of toponyms. This research provides an entropic perspective and method for exploring the spatial-temporal evolutionary characteristics of ethnic groups and toponym mapping.

Analysis of long-term spatio-temporal changes of plateau urban wetland reveals the response mechanisms of climate and human activities: A case study from Dianchi Lake Basin 1993-2020.

Wetlands serve many functions, including conserving water, providing habitats for animals and plants, and regulating climate change. Their unique ecological effects on the natural environment are indispensable in the whole ecosystem. Dianchi Lake Basin is located in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China, and mainly in Kunming. It is a typical plateau urban wetland area. Based on spatio-temporal hotspot mining, spatio-temporal geographically weighted regression, and adaptive multidimensional grey prediction, we conducted correlation analyses of the wetland changes in Dianchi Lake Basin from 1993 to 2020 under the influence of human activities and natural conditions. The results show that (1) the active wetland change zone in Dianchi Lake Basin is mainly located around Dianchi Lake, and (2) the wetlands in some areas on the north and south of Dianchi Lake declined in the early 21st century, but under the protection policy in recent years, the wetlands in these areas gradually recovered. Meanwhile, the wetlands in most areas around Dianchi Lake showed a significant growth trend from 2018 to 2020. The results suggest that the wetland change in Dianchi Lake Basin is mainly related to the urbanization of Kunming, and it can be divided into five regions (strong negative correlation, weak negative correlation, weak correlation, weak positive correlation, and strong positive correlation) according to the different correlation of human activity intensity, among which the main factors affected by nature are different, but they are all related to temperature. This study shows that, although wetlands in plateau cities can be properly restored under proper protection, wetland protection should be kept in step with the development of plateau cities to support sustainable urban development and carbon neutrality.

A modified cyanobacteria prediction model based on cellular automata model using N and P concentration reverse data: a case study in Taihu Lake.

The problem of algal bloom caused by eutrophication has attracted global attention. Many scholars have studied the problem associated with algae bloom, but few have carried out dynamic monitoring, instead focusing on the formation mechanism of cyanobacteria. For our study of the Taihu Lake in China, we used Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat remote sensing image data from 2017 to establish a prediction model. First, we used MODIS data to retrieve the concentration of N, P, and chlorophyll a in water. Then, we applied the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model to the inversion results to construct the diffusion potential index. Finally, we used C# to compile the cellular automata (CA) model. We found that the distribution of cyanobacteria predicted by our method was consistent with the algal bloom situation of Taihu Lake in 2017. The results showed that the method effectively predicts the dynamic transfer of cyanobacteria from outbreak to diffusion in a short period of time, which can help decision-makers monitor lake health.

Spatiotemporal characteristic of Biantun toponymical landscape for the evolution of Biantun culture in Yunnan, China.

The geographical environment of Yunnan Province in China and Han migration during the Ming Dynasty contributed to the development of the Biantun culture. Biantun toponyms (BTT) record the integration process between the Central Plains and native Yunnan cultures. The GIS analysis method of toponyms was used in this study to reproduce the settlement characteristics of BTT and the spatial development of the Biantun culture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In addition, we have developed a toponymical landscape index to represent the degree of spatial integration between the BTT and ethnic minority toponyms in Yunnan and explore the spatial characteristics of the integration of Han immigrants and local ethnic minorities. The results show that the spatial distribution of the BTT is consistent with the sites selection of the Tuntian () in Yunnan during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the centroids of BTT spread to outskirts and intermontane area from central towns. In the Dali, Kunming, Qujing and other regions, the distribution characteristics of the integrated of BTT and ethnic minority toponyms reflect a higher degree of Sinicization in the central urban areas. Exploring the evolution of Biantun cultural development through the spatial characteristics of toponymical landscapes can help adjust policies for the development and protection of Biantun cultural resources.