Ink test: A useful technique to enhance extragenital lichen sclerosus diagnosis.

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a rare and chronic autoimmune disease, and extragenital LS is particularly challenging to diagnose in children. Histopathology is the gold standard for diagnosis. Dermoscopy is a useful tool when follicular plugs (FP) are observed, though FP are sometimes hard to recognize. The ink test may provide a useful technique to enhance FP visualization and support a diagnosis of extragenital LS, thereby avoiding diagnostic delays or biopsy.

Microblotches on Dermoscopy of Melanocytic Lesions are Associated with Melanoma: A Cross-sectional Study.

Numerous dermoscopic structures for the early detection of melanoma have been described. The aim of this study was to illustrate the characteristics of dermoscopic structures that are similar to blotches, but smaller (termed microblotches), and to evaluate their association with other well-known dermoscopic structures. A cross-sectional study design, including 165 dermoscopic images of melanoma was used to define microblotches, and 241 consecutive images of naevi from the HAM10000 database, were studied to evaluate the prevalence of this criterion in both groups. Microblotches were defined as sharply demarcated structures ≤1 mm, with geographical borders visible only with dermoscopy. Microblotches were present in 38.7% of the melanomas and 6.7% of the naevi. Moreover, microblotches were associated with an odds ratio (OR) of malignancy of 5.79, and were more frequent in invasive melanoma than in the in-situ subtype (OR 2.92). Histologically, they correspond to hyperpigmented parakeratosis or epidermal consumption. In conclusion, microblotches are related to melanomas. This finding could help dermatologists to differentiate between naevi and melanomas.

Tumor mixto cutáneo apocrino, un desafío diagnóstico a considerar / A mixed cutaneous apocrine tumors, a diagnostic challenge to to consider

El tumor mixto cutáneo es una neoplasia se aparición inusual al que se ha denominado también siringoma condroide. Se reporta un caso de Tumor mixto benigno apocrino en una paciente de 63 años. Paciente mujer de 63 años, con lesión tumoral de un año de evolución en zona frontal, asintomática. La ecografía de partes blandas fue compatible con lesión quística y el estudio histológico mostró la presencia de una neoplasia mixta benigna epitelial estromal, correspondiente a un tumor mixto benigno apocrino. Los tumores mixtos benignos apocrinos son neoplasias poco frecuentes, localizadas en las glándulas sudoríparas. Se caracterizan por presentarse como un nódulo subcutáneo o intradérmico, solitario, que puede alcanzar hasta 3 cm. de diámetro. Son asintomáticos y de crecimiento lento. Su principal ubicación corresponde a la cabeza y cuello y predominan en pacientes de sexo masculino, de edad media. El diagnóstico de certeza es histopatológico, encontrándose a la microscopía un patrón epitelial compuesto por estructuras tubulares, ductales, túbulo-alveolares o áreas sólidas con diferenciación pilo-sebácea focal, en un estroma que puede ser mixoide o condroide Se presenta este caso por ser un tumor de baja frecuencia, cuyo diagnóstico es esencialmente histopatológico y cuya terapia resolutiva es la extirpación quirúrgica completa.

Apocrine mixed tumor of the skin: a diagnosis challenge to consider. Cutaneous mixed tumor is an uncommon, benign adnexal neoplasm arising from apocrine or eccrine glands of the dermis. Apocrine mixed tumors often exhibit decapitation secretion, a feature of apocrine epithelium, but they may exhibit a wide range of metaplastic changes and differentiation in the epithelial, the myoepithelial, and the stromal components. We present two clinical cases of Apocrine mixed tumour of the skin in two different patients who have seen in our Department.