Penicillin and Cefotaxime Resistance of Quinolone-Resistant Neisseria meningitidis Clonal Complex 4821, Shanghai, China, 1965-2020.

Clonal complex 4821 (CC4821) Neisseria meningitidis, usually resistant to quinolones but susceptible to penicillin and third-generation cephalosporins, is increasing worldwide. To characterize the penicillin-nonsusceptible (PenNS) meningococci, we analyzed 491 meningococci and 724 commensal Neisseria isolates in Shanghai, China, during 1965-2020. The PenNS proportion increased from 0.3% in 1965-1985 to 7.0% in 2005-2014 and to 33.3% in 2015-2020. Of the 26 PenNS meningococci, 11 (42.3%) belonged to the CC4821 cluster; all possessed mutations in penicillin-binding protein 2, mostly from commensal Neisseria. Genetic analyses and transformation identified potential donors of 6 penA alleles. Three PenNS meningococci were resistant to cefotaxime, 2 within the CC4821 cluster. With 96% of the PenNS meningococci beyond the coverage of scheduled vaccination and the cefotaxime-resistant isolates all from toddlers, quinolone-resistant CC4821 has acquired penicillin and cefotaxime resistance closely related to the internationally disseminated ceftriaxone-resistant gonococcal FC428 clone, posing a greater threat especially to young children.

Role of Up-Regulated Transmembrane Channel-Like Protein 5 in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a malignant tumor responsible for a heavy disease burden. Previously, only one pan-cancer study of Transmembrane channel-like protein 5 (TMC5) showed that TMC5 was highly expressed in PAAD, but the results lacked comprehensive verification, and the mechanism of TMC5 in PAAD was still unclear. METHODS: For exploring the expression and clinical value of TMC5 in PAAD better, we adopted a comprehensive evaluation method, using internal immunohistochemistry (IHC) data combined with microarray and RNA-sequencing data collected from public databases. The single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data were exploited to explore the TMC5 expression in cell populations and intercellular communication. The potential mechanism of TMC5 in PAAD was analyzed from the aspects of immune infiltration, transcriptional regulation, function and pathway enrichment. RESULTS: Our IHC data includes 148 PAAD samples and 19 non-PAAD samples, along with the available microarray and RNA-sequencing data (1166 PAAD samples, 704 non-PAAD samples). The comprehensive evaluation results showed that TMC5 was evidently up-regulated in PAAD (SMD = 1.17). Further analysis showed that TMC5 was over-expressed in cancerous epithelial cells. Furthermore, TMC5 was up-regulated in more advanced tumor T and N stages. Interestingly, we found that STAT3 as an immune marker of Th17 cells was not only positively correlated with TMC5 and up-regulated in PAAD tissues, but also the major predicted TMC5 transcription regulator. Moreover, STAT3 was involved in cancer pathway of PAAD. CONCLUSION: Up-regulated TMC5 indicates advanced tumor stage in PAAD patients, and its role in promoting PAAD development may be regulated by STAT3.

Construction of vitamin D delivery system based on pine nut oil Pickering emulsion: effect of phenols.

BACKGROUND: The food industry has begun to develop foods fortified with unsaturated fatty acids; however, the susceptibility of pine nut oil to oxidation and other properties limits its use in food production. Researchers often inhibit the oxidation of oil by adding antioxidants. After the combination of polyphenols and proteins, the complex formed can improve or enhance the performance of the emulsion when it stabilizes the emulsion. Encapsulating, protecting, and controlling the release behavior of vitamin D (VD ) during digestion through an emulsion delivery system can effectively overcome limitations such as easy degradation during processing and storage. This research uses tannic acid, gallic acid, tea polyphenol, and vanillic acid to prepare Pickering emulsions, and the type of phenolic compound is explored by multi-dimensional characterization and the amount of emulsion. RESULTS: The influence of traits, microstructure, stability, VD load application, and effect on the emulsion matrix's encapsulation rate and bioaccessibility is studied. A method was investigated to enhance the oxidative stability of whey protein isolate-stabilized emulsions by introducing phenol. Pickering emulsions could be obtained in the presence of phenol, while the type of phenol played a relatively important role, probably because the mechanism involved interactions between particles. Viscosity and creaming stability of emulsions increased with crosslinking of phenol in emulsions. In addition, the presence of phenol in emulsions significantly increased the bioaccessibility of encapsulated VD after in vitro digestion. CONCLUSION: The method presented in this study was important for improving the oxidative stability of pine nut oil emulsions, expanding the application of pine nut oil in the food industry, and providing the theoretical and application basis of application and active substance emulsion delivery systems. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Serogroup Y Clonal Complex 23 Meningococcus in China Acquiring Penicillin Resistance from Commensal Neisseria lactamica Species.

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) due to serogroup Y Neisseria meningitidis (NmY) is rare in China; recently, an invasive NmY isolate, Nm512, was discovered in Shanghai with decreased susceptibility to penicillin (PenNS). Here, we investigated the epidemiology of NmY isolates in Shanghai and explored the potential commensal Neisseria lactamica donor of the PenNS NmY isolate. A total of 491 N. meningitidis and 724 commensal Neisseria spp. isolates were collected. Eleven NmY isolates were discovered from IMD (n = 1) and carriers (n = 10), including two PenNS isolates with five-key-mutation-harboring (F504L-A510V-I515V-H541N-I566V) penA genes. Five of the eight ST-175 complex (CC175) isolates had a genotype [Y:P1.5-1,2-2:F5-8:ST-175(CC175)] identical to that of the predominant invasive clone found in South Africa. Only one invasive NmY CC23 isolate (Nm512) was discovered; this isolate carried a novel PenNSpenA832 allele, which was identified in commensal N. lactamica isolates locally. Recombination analysis and transformation of the penA allele highlighted that N. meningitidis Nm512 may acquire resistance from its commensal donor; this was supported by the similar distribution of transformation-required DNA uptake sequence variants and the highly cognate receptor ComP between N. meningitidis and N. lactamica. In 2,309 NmY CC23 genomes from the PubMLST database, isolates with key-mutation-harboring penA genes comprised 12% and have been increasing since the 1990s, accompanied by recruitment of the blaROB-1 and/or quinolone resistance allele. Moreover, penA22 was predominant among genomes without key mutations in penA. These results strongly suggest that Nm512 is a descendant of the penA22-harboring CC23 isolate from Europe and acquired its penicillin resistance locally from commensal N. lactamica species by natural transformation.

The expression characteristics and clinical significance of ACP6, a potential target of nitidine chloride, in hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Acid phosphatase type 6 (ACP6) is a mitochondrial lipid phosphate phosphatase that played a role in regulating lipid metabolism and there is still blank in the clinico-pathological significance and functional roles of ACP6 in human cancers. No investigations have been conducted on ACP6 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) up to date. METHODS: Herein, we appraised the clinico-pathological significance of ACP6 in HCC via organizing expression profiles from globally multi-center microarrays and RNA-seq datasets. The molecular basis of ACP6 in HCC was explored through multidimensional analysis. We also carried out in vitro and in vivo experiment on nude mice to investigate the effect of knocking down ACP6 expression on biological functions of HCC cells, and to evaluate the expression variance of ACP6 in xenograft of HCC tissues before and after the treatment of NC. RESULTS: ACP6 displayed significant overexpression in HCC samples (standard mean difference (SMD) = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.56-0.83) and up-regulated ACP6 performed well in screening HCC samples from non-cancer liver samples. ACP6 expression was also remarkably correlated with clinical progression and worse overall survival of HCC patients. There were close links between ACP6 expression and immune cells including B cells, CD8 + T cells and naive CD4 + T cells. Co-expressed genes of ACP6 mainly participated in pathways including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, glucocorticoid receptor pathway and NABA proteoglycans. The proliferation and migration rate of HCC cells transfected with ACP6 siRNA was significantly suppressed compared with those transfected with negative control siRNA. ACP6 expression was significantly inhibited by nitidine chloride (NC) in xenograft HCC tissues. CONCLUSIONS: ACP6 expression may serve as novel clinical biomarker indicating the clinical development of HCC and ACP6 might be potential target of anti-cancer effect by NC in HCC.

Downregulated miR-150-5p in the Tissue of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

The clinical significance and potential targets of miR-150-5p have not been elucidated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The pooled analysis based on 539 NPC samples and 75 non-NPC nasopharyngeal samples demonstrated that the expression of miR-150-5p was down-regulated in NPC, with the area under the curve being 0.89 and the standardized mean difference being -0.66. Subsequently, we further screened the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of 14 datasets, including 312 NPC samples and 70 non-NPC nasopharyngeal samples. After the DEGs were narrowed down with the predicted targets from the miRWalk database, 1316 prospective target genes of miR-150-5p were identified. The enrichment analysis suggested that "pathways in cancer" was the most significant pathway. Finally, six hub genes of "pathways in cancer", including EGFR, TP53, HRAS, CCND1, CDH1, and FGF2, were screened out through the STRING database. In conclusion, the down-regulation of miR-150-5p modulates the tumorigenesis and progression of NPC.

Expression Landscape and Functional Roles of HOXA4 and HOXA5 in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The role of HOXA family genes in the occurrence and progression of a variety of human cancers has been scatteredly reported. However, there is no systematic study on the differential expression, prognostic significance and potential molecular mechanism of HOXA4 and HOXA5 in LUAD. METHODS: In-house immunohistochemistry (IHC), multi-center microarrays, RT-qPCR and RNA-seq data were incorporated for comprehensively evaluating the expression and prognostic value of HOXA4 and HOXA5 in LUAD. The mechanism of HOXA4 and HOXA5 in the formation and development of LUAD was analyzed from multiple aspects of immune correlations, upstream transcriptional regulation, functional states of single cells and co-expressed gene network. The functional roles of HOXA4 and HOXA5 in LUAD were validated by in vitro experiments. RESULTS: As a result, in 3201 LUAD samples and 2494 non-cancer lung samples, HOXA4 and HOXA5 were significantly downexpressed (P < 0.05). The aberrant expression of HOXA5 was significantly correlated with the clinical progression of LUAD (P < 0.05). HOXA5 showed remarkable prognostic value for LUAD patients (P < 0.05). The expression of HOXA4 and HOXA5 in LUAD were negatively correlated with tumor purity and positively correlated with the infiltration of various immune cells such as B cells, T cells and macrophages. HOXA4 and HOXA5 overexpression had notable inhibitory effect on the proliferation, migration and invasion of LUAD cells. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the identified downexpressed HOXA4 and HOXA5 had significant distinguishing ability for LUAD samples and affected the cellular functions of LUAD cells. The low expression of HOXA5 indicated worse overall survival of LUAD patients. Therefore, the two HOXA family genes especially HOXA5 may serve as potential biomarkers for LUAD.

Downregulation of zinc finger protein 71 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and its potential molecular mechanism and clinical significance: a study based on immunohistochemistry staining and data mining.

BACKGROUND: The molecular mechanism of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is not completely clear, which leads to poor prognosis and treatment difficulties for LSCC patients. To date, no study has reported the exact expression level of zinc finger protein 71 (ZNF71) and its molecular mechanism in LSCC. METHODS: In-house immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining (33 LSCC samples and 29 non-LSCC samples) was utilized in analyzing the protein expression level of ZNF71 in LSCC. Gene chips and high-throughput sequencing data collected from multiple public resources (313 LSCC samples and 192 non-LSCC samples) were utilized in analyzing the exact mRNA expression level of ZNF71 in LSCC. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data was used to explore the expression status of ZNF71 in different LSCC subpopulations. Enrichment analysis of ZNF71, its positively and differentially co-expressed genes (PDCEGs), and its downstream target genes was employed to detect the potential molecular mechanism of ZNF71 in LSCC. Moreover, we conducted correlation analysis between ZNF71 expression and immune infiltration. RESULTS: ZNF71 was downregulated at the protein level (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.93, p < 0.0001) and the mRNA level (AUC = 0.71, p = 0.023) in LSCC tissues. Patients with nodal metastasis had lower protein expression level of ZNF71 than patients without nodal metastasis (p < 0.05), and male LSCC patients had lower mRNA expression level of ZNF71 than female LSCC patients (p < 0.01). ZNF71 was absent in different LSCC subpopulations, including cancer cells, plasma cells, and tumor-infiltrated immune cells, based on scRNA-seq analysis. Enrichment analysis showed that ZNF71 and its PDCEGs may influence the progression of LSCC by regulating downstream target genes of ZNF71. These downstream target genes of ZNF71 were mainly enriched in tight junctions. Moreover, downregulation of ZNF71 may influence the development and even therapy of LSCC by reducing immune infiltration. CONCLUSION: Downregulation of ZNF71 may promote the progression of LSCC by reducing tight junctions and immune infiltration; this requires further study.

Effect of phenolic compounds and hydroxyl content on the physicochemical properties of pine nut oil Pickering emulsions.

BACKGROUND: For decades, pine nut oil Pickering emulsions have been stabilized using a covalent composite of two phenolic chemicals (tannic acid, TA; and gallic acid, GA) and whey protein isolate (WPI) following alkali treatment. Based on covalent composite particles being excellent sources of high-quality stabilizers, this research explored the influence of phenolic addition and hydroxyl content on stability, rheological parameters and characterization of Pickering emulsions. RESULTS: Tannic acid was more effective in reducing the average particle size of the emulsion, which decreased from 479.4 ± 2.1 nm without addition to between 187.6 ± 5.9 and 368.2 ± 16.8 nm (P < 0.05). The potential values of all the emulsions were between -30 and -50 mV (except for the gallic acid addition of 2.5 g kg-1 ). When the phenolic addition was 7.5 g kg-1 , emulsions demonstrated the best emulsification ability. Pickering emulsion stabilized by WPI-TA and WPI-GA particles were successfully generated, according to confocal laser scanning microscopy. Rheological results showed that the increase of phenolic addition contributed to larger elastic modulus (G'), viscosity modulus (G″) and viscosity of emulsions, which was beneficial to the stability of emulsions. CONCLUSION: Both phenolic compounds significantly improved the physicochemical stability of the emulsions (P < 0.05) and their oxidative stability. Covalently crosslinking phenolic compounds to proteins is a better method to prepare stable emulsions. It is more prominent that TA shows a more significant improvement in emulsion stability due to the number of hydroxyl groups it can provide. This research might serve as a theoretical foundation for enhancing the quality of pine nut oil-related products. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

[Effect and mechanism of vascular endothelial growth factor-A on pulmonary vascular remodeling in neonatal rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension].

OBJECTIVE: To study the role of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in pulmonary vascular remodeling in neonatal rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) by regulating survivin (SVV). METHODS: A total of 96 neonatal rats were randomly divided into three groups: HPH+VEGF-A group, HPH group, and control group. Each group was further randomly divided into 3-, 7-, 10-, and 14-day subgroups (n=8 in each subgroup). The neonatal rats in the HPH+VEGF-A and HPH groups were intratracheally transfected with adenoviral vectors with or without VEGF-A gene respectively. Those in the control group were given intratracheal injection of normal saline and were then fed under normoxic conditions. The direct measurement method was used to measure mean right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP). Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the morphological changes of pulmonary vessels under a light microscope and calculate the percentage of media wall thickness (MT%) and the percentage of media wall cross-sectional area (MA%) in the pulmonary arterioles. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression levels of VEGF-A and SVV in lung tissue. RESULTS: The HPH group had a significantly higher mean RVSP than the control and HPH+VEGF-A groups at each time point (P < 0.05). Pulmonary vascular remodeling occurred in the HPH group on day 7 of hypoxia, while it occurred in the HPH+VEGF-A group on day 10 of hypoxia. On day 7 of hypoxia, the HPH group had significantly higher MT% and MA% than the control and HPH+VEGF-A groups (P < 0.05). On days 10 and 14 of hypoxia, the HPH and HPH+VEGF-A groups had significantly higher MT% and MA% than the control group (P < 0.05). The HPH and HPH+VEGF-A groups had significantly higher expression of VEGF-A than the control group at each time point (P < 0.05). On days 3 and 7 of hypoxia, the HPH+VEGF-A group had significantly higher expression of VEGF-A than the HPH group (P < 0.05). On day 14 of hypoxia, the HPH group had significantly higher expression of SVV than the control group (P < 0.05). The HPH+VEGF-A group had significantly higher expression of SVV than the control group at each time point (P < 0.05). On days 3 and 7 of hypoxia, the HPH+VEGF-A group had significantly higher expression of SVV than the HPH group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic intratracheal administration of exogenous VEGF-A in neonatal rats with HPH can inhibit pulmonary vascular remodeling and reduce pulmonary arterial pressure by upregulating the expression of SVV in the early stage of hypoxia. This provides a basis for the interventional treatment of pulmonary vascular remodeling in neonatal HPH.

RNA-Sequencing, Connectivity Mapping, and Molecular Docking to Investigate Ligand-Protein Binding for Potential Drug Candidates for the Treatment of Wilms Tumor.

BACKGROUND Wilms tumor, or nephroblastoma, is a malignant pediatric embryonal renal tumor that has a poor prognosis. This study aimed to use bioinformatics data, RNA-sequencing, connectivity mapping, molecular docking, and ligand-protein binding to identify potential targets for drug therapy in Wilms tumor. MATERIAL AND METHODS Wilms tumor and non-tumor samples were obtained from high throughput gene expression databases, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using the voom method in the limma package. The overlapping DEGs were obtained from the intersecting drug target genes using the Connectivity Map (CMap) database, and systemsDock was used for molecular docking. Gene databases were searched for gene expression profiles for complementary analysis, analysis of clinical significance, and prognosis analysis to refine the study. RESULTS From 177 cases of Wilms tumor, there were 648 upregulated genes and 342 down-regulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the identified DEGs that affected the cell cycle. After obtaining 21 candidate drugs, there were seven overlapping genes with 75 drug target genes and DEGs. Molecular docking results showed that relatively high scores were obtained when retinoic acid and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, alsterpaullone, were docked to the overlapping genes. There were significant standardized mean differences for three overlapping genes, CDK2, MAP4K4, and CRABP2. However, four upregulated overlapping genes, CDK2, MAP4K4, CRABP2, and SIRT1 had no prognostic significance. CONCLUSIONS RNA-sequencing, connectivity mapping, and molecular docking to investigate ligand-protein binding identified retinoic acid and alsterpaullone as potential drug candidates for the treatment of Wilms tumor.

Physics of the Jagla model as the liquid-liquid coexistence line slope varies.

The slope of the coexistence line of the liquid-liquid phase transition can be positive, negative, or zero. All three possibilities have been found in Monte-Carlo simulations of a modified spherically symmetric two-scale Jagla model. Since the liquid-liquid critical point frequently lies in a region of the phase diagram that is difficult to access experimentally, it is of great interest to study critical phenomena in the supercritical region. We therefore study the properties of the Widom line, defined in the one-phase region above the critical point as an extension of the coexistence line near which the loci of various response functions extrema asymptotically converge with each other. This phenomenon is predicted by the scaling theory according to which all response functions can be expressed asymptotically in the vicinity of a critical point as functions of the diverging correlation length. We find that the method of identifying the Widom line as the loci of heat capacity maxima becomes unfruitful when the slope of the coexistence line approaches zero in the T-P plane. In this case, the specific heat displays no maximum in the one-phase region because, for a horizontal phase coexistence line, according to the Clapeyron equation, the enthalpy difference between the coexisting phases is zero, and thus the critical fluctuations do not contribute to enthalpy fluctuations. The extension of the coexistence line beyond the critical point into the one-phase region must in this case be performed using density fluctuations. Although the line of compressibility maxima bifurcates into a symmetrical pair of lines, it remains well-defined. We also study how the glass transition changes as the slope of the coexistence line in the T-P plane approaches zero. We find that for the case of positive slopes, diffusivity shows a fragile-to-strong transition upon crossing the Widom line, while for horizontal slope, diffusivity shows the behavior typical for fragile liquids.

Behavior of the Widom line in critical phenomena.

Using linear scaling theory, we study the behavior of response functions extrema in the vicinity of the critical point. We investigate how the speed of convergence of the loci of response function extrema to the Widom line depends on the parameters of the linear scaling theory. We find that when the slope of the coexistence line is near zero, the line of specific heat maxima does not follow the Widom line but instead follows the coexistence line. This has relevance for the detection of liquid-liquid critical points, which can exhibit a near-horizontal coexistence line. Our theoretical predictions are confirmed by computer simulations of a family of spherically symmetric potentials.

Interaction between lactic acid bacteria and Polygonatum sibiricum saponins and its application to microencapsulated co-delivery.

This study aimed to investigate the interaction between L.casei and L.bulgaricus with Polygonatum sibiricum saponins (PSS) and to explore the co-microencapsulation to reduce their loss rate during storage and consumption. 1% PSS was added to the culture broth, and it was found that the growth and metabolism of the strains were accelerated, especially in the compound probiotic group, indicating that PSS has potential for prebiotics. LC-MS observed significant differences in the composition and content of saponins in PSS. The metabolomics results suggest that the addition of PSS resulted in significant changes in the metabolites of probiotics. In addition, it was found that the combination of probiotics and PSS may have stronger hypoglycemic ability (ɑ-glucosidase, HepG2). Finally, a co-microencapsulated delivery system was constructed using zein and isomaltooligosaccharide. This system can achieve more excellent resistance of probiotics and PSS in gastrointestinal fluids, effectively transporting both to the small intestine.

Identification of ZIC2 as a Potential Biomarker Linked with the Clinical Progression and Immune Infiltration of Oral Cancer: A Multicenter Study.

Aim: To investigate the specific expression profile, clinicopathological significance and mechanism of Zic family member 2 (ZIC2) in oral cancer were unclear. Patients and Methods. We explored the expression pattern and clinicopathological significance of ZIC2 in oral cancer through performing in-house tissue microarray and integrated analysis global RNA-seq and microarrays containing large samples. The molecular basis of ZIC2 in oral cancer was further investigated in the aspects of transcription network and immune correlations. We also performed in vitro experiments and calculated drug sensitivity of oral cancer with different ZIC2 expression levels in response to hundreds of compounds. Results: All data unanimously proved the significant overexpression of ZIC2 in oral cancer. The upregulation of ZIC2 was remarkably associated with the malignant clinical progression of oral cancer. ZIC2 was predicted to be targeted by miRNAs such as miR-3140, miR-4999, and miR-1322. The infiltration level of CD8+ T and central memory cells was positively related to the overexpression of ZIC2. Oral cancer patients with higher ZIC2 expression showed higher drug sensitivity to two compounds including AZD8186 and ERK_2240. Conclusions: We demonstrated the upregulation of ZIC2 in oral cancer and its promoting effect on the clinical advancement of oral cancer. The potential clinical value of ZIC2 in oral cancer deserves attention.

The 'whole landscape' of research on systemic sclerosis over the past 73 years.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyse existing research on systemic sclerosis (SSc) conducted over the past 73 years to develop an essential reference for a comprehensive and objective understanding of this field of inquiry. METHODS: Using the Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, and Scopus databases as data sources for the bibliometric analysis, we searched for published literature related to SSc over the past 73 years. The Bibliometrix package was used to analyse key bibliometric indicators, such as annual publication volume, countries, journals, author contributions, and research hotspots. RESULTS: From 1970 to 2022, the number of SSc articles steadily increased, reaching its peak in 2020-2022, with approximately 1200 papers published in each of these three years. Matucci-Cerinic et al.'s team published the most articles (425). The United States (11,282), Italy (7027), and France (5226) were the most predominant contexts. The most influential scholars in the field were Denton, Leroy, Steen, and Khanna, with H-indices of 86, 84, and 83, respectively. Arthritis and Rheumatism was the most influential journal in this field (H-index 142). High-frequency keywords in the SSc field included fibrosis (738), inflammation (242), vasculopathy (145), fibroblasts (120), and autoantibodies (118) with respect to pathogenesis, and interstitial lung disease (ILD, 708), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH, 696), and Raynaud's phenomenon (326) with regards to clinical manifestations. CONCLUSION: In the past three years, SSc research has entered a period of rapid development, mainly driven by research institutions in Europe and the United States. The most influential journal has been Arthritis and Rheumatism, and autoimmune aspects, vasculopathy, fibrogenesis, PAH, and ILD remain the focus of current research and indicate trends in future research.

Genetic epidemiology and plasmid-mediated transmission of mcr-1 by Escherichia coli ST155 from wastewater of long-term care facilities.

Long-term care facilities (LTCFs) for older people play an important and unique role in multidrug-resistant organism transmission. Herein, we investigated the genetic characteristics of mobile colistin resistance gene (mcr-1)-carrying Escherichia coli strains isolated from wastewater of LTCFs in Shanghai. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by agar dilution methods. Whole-genome sequencing and plasmid sequencing were conducted, and resistance genes and sequence types of colistin in E. coli isolates were analyzed. Core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) analysis was performed by the Ridom SeqSphere+ software. Phylogenetic tree through the maximum likelihood method was constructed by MEGA X. Out of 306 isolates, only 1 E. coli named ECSJ33 was found, and the plasmid pECSJ33 from ECSJ33 harbored the mcr-1 gene that was located with 59,080 bp belonging to IncI2 type. The plasmid pECSJ33 was capable of conjugation with an efficiency of 2.9 × 10-2. Bioinformatic analysis indicated pECSJ33 shared backbone with the previously reported mcr-1-harboring pHNGDF93 isolated from fish source. Moreover, the cgMLST analysis revealed that ECSJ33 belongs to different lineages from those reported from previous E. coli strains but shared high similarity to NCTC11129 in cluster 11. The phylogenetic tree revealed MCR-1 of ECSJ33 in this study was mostly of animal food origin and that they were closely related. Our study firstly reports detection of genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant mcr-1-harboring E. coli ST155 from wastewater of LTCF source in China. The data may prove that the plasmid pECSJ33 belongs to food origin and help to understand the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and genomic features of colistin resistance under One Health approach.IMPORTANCEOne Escherichia coli named ECSJ33 was found from wastewater of a long-term care facility (LTCF) and the plasmid pECSJ33 from ECSJ33 harbored the mobile colistin resistance gene (mcr-1) that was located with 59,080 bp belonging to IncI2 type, which was capable of conjugation with an efficiency of 2.9 × 10-2. This paper firstly reports an mcr-1-carrying E. coli strain ST155 isolated from LTCF in China. Comparative genomics analysis indicated pECSJ33 shared backbone with the previously reported mcr-1-harboring pHNGDF93 isolated from fish source. The phylogenetic tree revealed MCR-1 protein of ECSJ33 in this study was mostly of animal food origin and that they were closely related. Therefore, the pECSJ33 could be considered as food-origin transmission mcr-1-harboring plasmid.

Establishment and application of recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick for the detection of mcr-1 in uncultured clinical samples.

OBJECTIVES: The rapid dissemination of the mcr-1 gene via plasmid-mediated transfer has raised concerns regarding the efficacy of colistin as a last-resort treatment for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Current mcr-1 gene detection methods mainly focus on cultured bacteria, which is a complex and time-consuming process requiring skilled personnel, making it unsuitable for field analysis. METHODS: A rapid detection technique combining recombinase polymerase amplification with a lateral flow dipstick targeting uncultured clinical samples was developed. RESULTS: This new method targeting the mcr-1 gene region (23 232-23 642 bp, no. KP347127.1) achieved a low detection limit of 10 copies/µL. The whole process was carried out with high specificity and was completed within 20 min. The evaluation assay was conducted using 45 human faecal samples; 16 strains yielded a 98% accuracy, closely matching antimicrobial susceptibility outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The novel method integrates nucleic acid extraction, isothermal amplification, and a test assay, suggesting the potential for timely colistin resistance surveillance in frontline disease control and healthcare settings, supporting future prevention and clinical standardization efforts.

TM9SF1 promotes bladder cancer cell growth and infiltration.

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common urological tumor. It has a high recurrence rate, displays tutor heterogeneity, and resists chemotherapy. Furthermore, the long-term survival rate of BC patients has remained unchanged for decades, which seriously affects the quality of patient survival. To improve the survival rate and prognosis of BC patients, it is necessary to explore the molecular mechanisms of BC development and progression and identify targets for treatment and intervention. Transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1 (TM9SF1), also known as MP70 and HMP70, is a member of a family of nine transmembrane superfamily proteins, which was first identified in 1997. TM9SF1 can be expressed in BC, but its biological function and mechanism in BC are not clear. AIM: To investigate the biological function and mechanism of TM9SF1 in BC. METHODS: Cells at 60%-80% confluence were transfected with lentiviral vectors for 48-72 h to achieve stable TM9SF1 overexpression or silencing in three BC cell lines (5637, T24, and UM-UC-3). The effect of TM9SF1 on the biological behavior of BC cells was then investigated through CCK8, wound-healing assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Overexpression of TM9SF1 increased the in vitro proliferation, migration, and invasion of BC cells by promoting the entry of BC cells into the G2/M phase. Silencing of TM9SF1 inhibited in vitro proliferation, migration, and invasion of BC cells and blocked BC cells in the G1 phase. CONCLUSION: TM9SF1 may be an oncogene in BC.

Historical context, process, and development trends of pediatric thyroid cancer research: a bibliometric analysis.

Objective: At present, the structure of knowledge in the field of childhood thyroid cancer is not clear enough, and scholars lack a sufficient understanding of the developing trends in this field, which has led to a shortage of forward-looking outputs. The purpose of this research is to help scholars construct a complete knowledge framework and identify current challenges, opportunities, and development trends. Methods: We searched the literature in the Web of Science Core Collection database on August 7, 2023 and extracted key information from the top 100 most cited articles, such as the countries, institutions, authors, themes, and keywords. We used bibliometric tools such as bibliometrix, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace for a visualization analysis and Excel for statistical descriptions. Results: The top 100 most cited articles fluctuated over time, and the research was concentrated in European countries, the United States, and Japan, among which scientific research institutions and scholars from the United States made outstanding contributions. Keyword analysis revealed that research has shifted from simple treatment methods for pediatric thyroid cancer (total thyroidectomy) and inducing factors (the Chernobyl power station accident) to the clinical applications of genetic mutations (such as the BRAF and RET genes) and larger-scale genetic changes (mutation studies of the DICER1 gene). The thematic strategy analysis showed an increasing trend towards the popularity of fusion oncogenes, while the popularity of research on traditional treatments and diagnostics has gradually declined. Conclusion: Extensive research has been conducted on the basic problems of pediatric thyroid cancer, and there has been significant outputs in the follow-up and cohort analysis of conventional diagnostic and treatment methods. However, these methods still have certain limitations. Therefore, scholars should focus on exploring fusion genes, the clinical applications of molecular targets, and novel treatment methods. This study provides a strong reference for scholars in this field.