A bright γ-ray flare interpreted as a giant magnetar flare in NGC 253.

Soft γ-ray repeaters exhibit bursting emission in hard X-rays and soft γ-rays. During the active phase, they emit random short (milliseconds to several seconds long), hard-X-ray bursts, with peak luminosities1 of 1036 to 1043 erg per second. Occasionally, a giant flare with an energy of around 1044 to 1046 erg is emitted2. These phenomena are thought to arise from neutron stars with extremely high magnetic fields (1014 to 1015 gauss), called magnetars1,3,4. A portion of the second-long initial pulse of a giant flare in some respects mimics short γ-ray bursts5,6, which have recently been identified as resulting from the merger of two neutron stars accompanied by gravitational-wave emission7. Two γ-ray bursts, GRB 051103 and GRB 070201, have been associated with giant flares2,8-11. Here we report observations of the γ-ray burst GRB 200415A, which we localized to a 20-square-arcmin region of the starburst galaxy NGC 253, located about 3.5 million parsecs away. The burst had a sharp, millisecond-scale hard spectrum in the initial pulse, which was followed by steady fading and softening over 0.2 seconds. The energy released (roughly 1.3 × 1046 erg) is similar to that of the superflare5,12,13 from the Galactic soft γ-ray repeater SGR 1806-20 (roughly 2.3 × 1046 erg). We argue that GRB 200415A is a giant flare from a magnetar in NGC 253.

Measurement of the Pion Form Factor with CMD-3 Detector and Its Implication to the Hadronic Contribution to Muon (g-2).

The cross section of the process e^{+}e^{-}→π^{+}π^{-} has been measured in the center-of-mass energy range from 0.32 to 1.2 GeV with the CMD-3 detector at the electron-positron collider VEPP-2000. The measurement is based on an integrated luminosity of about 88 pb^{-1}, of which 62 pb^{-1} represent a complete dataset collected by CMD-3 at center-of-mass energies below 1 GeV. In the dominant region near the ρ resonance a systematic uncertainty of 0.7% was achieved. The implications of the presented results for the evaluation of the hadronic contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon are discussed.

[Long-term result of aortic root remodeling using the Florida sleeve technique in a patient with connective tissue dysplasia and aortic root aneurysm without aortic insufficiency]. / Otdalennyi rezul'tat ekzoprotezirovaniya kornya aorty po metodike Florida Sleeve u bol'nogo s soedinitel'notkannoi displaziei i anevrizmoi kornya aorty bez aortal'noi nedostatochnosti.

Aortic root remodeling using the Florida sleeve technique was proposed as a simpler alternative to classical reconstructive interventions in patients with aortic root aneurysm without aortic insufficiency. We present a 10-year result of valve-sparing surgical treatment using the Florida sleeve technique in a patient with connective tissue dysplasia and aortic root aneurysm.

[Surgical treatment of a patient with syphilitic aortitis]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie patsienta s sifiliticheskim aortitom.

Syphilitic aortitis is a rare disease caused by Treponema pallidum affecting the aorta and leading to inflammation. Syphilitic aortitis is one of the causes of aortic aneurysms. This article presents surgical treatment of a patient with syphilitic aortitis and thoracic aortic aneurysm. This clinical case confirms the difficulties of surgical treatment.

[Combination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and arterial hypertension in the elderly: clinical and hemodynamic features and quality of life.]

Clinical features, hemodynamics and quality of life of elderly patients with a combination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and arterial hypertension were assessed. The results of the study suggest that in the case of a combination of arterial hypertension and chronic lung disease, not only distinct clinical, functional and hemodynamic changes are observed, but also a significant decrease in the quality of life, largely determined by the severity of the symptoms of both diseases, as well as the severity of the comorbid pathology. The revealed changes in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and arterial hypertension dictate the need to optimize, first of all, the outpatient stage of observation and rehabilitation of elderly patients with comorbid pathology.

In Vitro Study of Cytostatic Activity of Baicalin, Baicalein, and Chlorophyllipt on HeLa-v Cell Line.

Cytostatic activity of baicalin, baicalein, and neogalenical drug Chlorophyllipt was studied in vitro on HeLa-v cells. Standard samples of Eucalimin, baicalin, and baicalein, as well as Chlorophyllipt and paclitaxel (reference drug Taxacad) were used. The cell deaths were determined by MTT assay in a Multiskan FC microplate reader with incubator. The effective inhibition concentration (IC50) of the tested substances were: paclitaxel (4.0±0.4 µM)-baicalein (10.5±1.1 µM)-baicalin (16.5±1.7 µM)-sum of euglobals in Chlorophyllipt (24.1±2.5 µM). Chlorophyllipt was found to exhibit cytostatic activity. Cytostatic activity of baicalein, baicalin, and Chlorophyllipt was lower than cytostatic activity of the reference drug by 2.6, 4.1, and 6 times, respectively. The prospects of further evaluation of the synergetic effect of baicalin, baicalein, and chlorophyllipt used in combinations with different cytostatic agents for finding the most effective combination have been shown.

[Mitral valve replacement in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. / Protezirovanie mitral'nogo klapana u bol'nykh obstruktivnoi gipertroficheskoi kardiomiopatiei.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence and causes of mitral valve replacement in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: There were 172 patients (98 women and 74 men) with obstructive HCM and severe mitral valve insufficiency between November 2017 and May 2023. All patients complained of chronic heart failure NYHA class III. Surgical correction of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction and mitral valve repair with elimination of systolic anterior motion were technically successful in 160 (93.0%) patients. RESULTS: The need for mitral valve replacement was noted in 12 (7.0%) patients. Mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 83.5±19.2 min (94; 127), aortic cross-clamping - 62.8±14.3 min (70; 102). In 5 cases, primary mitral valve replacement was scheduled due to obvious organic lesion of the mitral valve (tearing of chords, rheumatic lesion with leaflet restriction). In 7 patients, valve replacement was forced after ineffective primary septal myectomy (LVOT pressure gradient, severe mitral insufficiency). CONCLUSION: Mitral valve replacement is an involuntary strategy after ineffective myectomy with severe mitral insufficiency and high LVOT pressure gradient.

[Clinical, biochemical and histological indicators of Del Nido cardioplegia efficacy in patients with severe myocardial hypertrophy]. / Klinicheskie, biokhimicheskie i gistologicheskie pokazateli effektivnosti kardioplegicheskogo rastvora Del Nido u patsientov s vyrazhennoi gipertrofiei miokarda.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of two cardioplegia techniques in patients with severe myocardial hypertrophy undergoing septal myectomy or aortic valve replacement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A comparative pilot prospective single-center randomized study included 46 patients between 2022 and 2023. Patients were randomized into 2 groups: Del Nido (n=23) and Custodiol (n=23). We analyzed perioperative echocardiography data, troponin I at several time points, perioperative complications and histological data. RESULTS: Both groups were comparable in time of myocardial ischemia, cardiopulmonary bypass, duration of anesthesia and surgery (p>0.05). The maximum ischemia time in the Del Nido group was 84 min. The same group showed significantly higher percentage of spontaneous rhythm recovery (65.2% vs. 30%, p=0.008). None patient required mechanical support, high-dose inotropes or vasopressors. Troponin I in 2 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass (p=0.415), 12 (p=0.528) and 24 hours after admission to the intensive care unit (p=0.281) were similar in both groups. No significant difference was found in ventilation time, ICU- and hospital-stay. CONCLUSION: Del Nido cardioplegia has some advantages compared to Custodiol and does not lead to perioperative complications in case of aortic cross-clamping time <90 min in patients with myocardial hypertrophy.

[The risk factors studying for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease development in non-smoking elderly patients.]

In 524 elderly patients with COPD, risk factors for the development of the underlying disease were assessed. It turned out that a significant proportion of elderly patients with COPD had never been exposed to tobacco smoke. A previous diagnosis of asthma in elderly patients is associated with an increased risk of developing COPD among never-smokers. Exposure to organic dust in the workplace and a history of severe childhood respiratory tract infections also increase the risk of an underlying disease. The data obtained determine the need for an integrated approach to the analysis of risk factors for the development of COPD in non-smoking patients in order to draw up individual preventive programs aimed at preventing the development and progression of the disease.

[Accelerated aging as a risk of the education digitalization: possibilities for prevention.]

The work is devoted to the analysis of the education digitalization negative effects and the possibilities of their prevention consideration. The urgency of this problem in the modern conditions of combating the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection and moving a significant part of education and leisure to the virtual space is noted. Against the background of a deficit in physical activity and an increase in the information consumption duration, the participants in the experiment showed a significant increase in the frequency of mental and physical maladjustment symptoms occurrence, a decrease in performance indicators and a deterioration in the biological age parameters. The geroprotective effect of correcting the student lifestyle with an emphasis on information hygiene, optimizing sleep, rest, motor and nutritional regimen in terms of qualitative and quantitative indicators is shown.

[The combined use of peptide bioregulators and self-massage in order to improve the psychophysiological state and increase the professional performance of the elderly.]

The development of modern society is characterized by an increase in the volume and changing forms of information presentation. In the works of Russian and foreign gerontologists, it is noted that the perception and analysis of the flow of relevant data today causes difficulties for a significant part of citizens of older age groups, which is due, among other things, to the deterioration of their psychophysiological state. The lack of the ability to use the necessary information negatively affects the quality of life, the level of social adaptation and professional competence. This problem is particularly significant for population groups and professional communities, whose life and activities require the actualization of certain sectors of the information field. Typical examples of such groups are citizens of retirement age who continue professional activities related to the mobilization of intellectual and creative potential, in particular, university teachers. The use of gerontotechnologies contributes to solving the problem, which provides for the development of effective methods for correcting the functional state of elderly citizens, in particular, increasing the ability to perceive information and the level of vital activity. This publication presents the results of an experimental study of the effectiveness of the combined use of peptide bioregulators and massage on the level of professional performance of elderly teachers of a pedagogical university.

[Mystery of endometriosis - catamenial pneumothorax]. / Zagadki endometrioza ­ katamenial'nyi pnevmotoraks.

The review is devoted to clinical picture, main theories of pathogenesis, traditional and innovative methods of diagnosis and surgical treatment of catamenial pneumothorax. Currently, clinicians prefer magnetic resonance imaging and thoracoscopy for diagnosis of this disease. Various researchers are actively searching for laboratory diagnostic methods that can confirm endometrioid nature of pneumothorax. Treatment and prevention of catamenial pneumothorax are a controversial issue depending both clinical picture and preferences of the attending physician. Currently, the majority of authors believe that hormonal therapy combined with diaphragm resection ensures optimal anti-relapse effect in patients with thoracic endometriosis.

[Surgical treatment of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy combined with muscle bridging of the left anterior descending artery]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie obstruktivnoi gipertroficheskoi kardiomiopatii v sochetanii s miokardial'nym mostikom perednei niskhodyashchei arterii.

Myocardial bridging is often detected during diagnostic coronary angiography in patients with congenital and acquired heart defects. In most cases, muscle bridging does not require surgical treatment. Myocardial bridging and tunnels causing compression of one or more major coronary arteries is a potential cause of myocardial ischemia in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The authors report surgical treatment of a patient with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and myocardial bridging of the left anterior descending artery.

[Aortic root remodeling and aortic valve annuloplasty in patients with aortic root aneurysm and no severe aortic valve disease]. / Remodelirovanie kornya aorty s annuloplastikoi aortal'nogo klapana u bol'nykh s anevrizmoi kornya aorty bez vyrazhennogo organicheskogo porazheniya aortal'nogo klapana.

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of the outcomes after aortic root remodeling with aortic valve annuloplasty in patients with aortic root aneurysm and no severe aortic valve disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: There were 19 patients with connective tissue dysplasia, aneurysm of aortic root and/or ascending aorta and aortic regurgitation between September 2020 and December 2021. All patients underwent aortic root remodeling with aortic valve annuloplasty. RESULTS: Mean time of cardiopulmonary bypass was 148.7±23.5 min, aortic clamping - 117.3±19.5 min. According to postoperative transthoracic echocardiography, mild aortic regurgitation was observed in 6 patients, 13 patients had no regurgitation. There was no in-hospital mortality or significant cardiovascular complications. Freedom from moderate-to-severe aortic regurgitation after 14 months was 94.7%, overall survival - 100%. CONCLUSION: Aortic root remodeling is characterized by favorable hemodynamic efficiency and low complication rate. Further accumulation of data with clinical analysis are planned for a more accurate assessment of effectiveness of surgical treatment, determination of predictors of successful reconstruction, development of indications, contraindications and a personalized algorithm for patient selection.

[In-hospital and mid-term results of aortic root remodeling and aortic valve annuloplasty in patients with aortic root aneurysm and no severe aortic valve disease]. / Gospital'nye i sredneotdalennye rezul'taty remodelirovaniya kornya aorty s annuloplastikoi aortal'nogo klapana u bol'nykh s anevrizmoi kornya aorty bez vyrazhennogo organicheskogo porazheniya aortal'nogo klapana.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze early and mid-term results of aortic root remodeling with aortic valve annuloplasty in patients with aortic root aneurysm and no severe aortic valve disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: There were 33 patients with connective tissue dysplasia, aneurysm of aortic root and/or ascending aorta and aortic regurgitation between September 2019 and December 2022. All patients underwent aortic root remodeling with aortic valve annuloplasty. RESULTS: Mean time of cardiopulmonary bypass was 138.5±21.5 min, aortic clamping - 115.3±20.5 min. According to postoperative transthoracic echocardiography, mild aortic regurgitation was observed in 28 patients, 5 patients had moderate regurgitation. Postoperative follow-up period varied from 3 months to 2 years. There was no in-hospital mortality or significant cardiovascular complications. Two-year freedom from moderate-to-severe aortic regurgitation was 93.9%, overall survival - 100%. CONCLUSION: Aortic root remodeling is characterized by favorable hemodynamic efficiency and low complication rate.

[The use of augmented reality technology in endoscopic removal of a maxillary cyst]. / Primenenie tekhnologii dopolnennoi real'nosti v kachestve navigatsionnoi sistemy pri endovideoassotsiirovannom udalenii kisty verkhnei chelyusti.

This article describes the use of augmented reality technology for the removal of an odontogenic cyst of the upper jaw. By combining the image of computed tomography, anatomical formations and the tip of the endoscope in mixed reality, a navigation system was created for performing cystectomy and resection of the tip of the molar root for a volumetric cyst of the maxillary sinus. For the first time, a system for tracking the position of an endoscope in mixed reality in real time was used.

[The role of functional and instrumental research methods in the diagnosis and control of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the elderly.]

In more than 500 elderly patients with COPD, the frequency of spiral computed tomography (SCT) of the lungs and echo-CG of the heart was evaluated for diagnostic purposes and to monitor the course of the disease. The study showed that despite the high clinical significance of the FEV1 indicator (the volume of forced exhalation in the first second), the indicator itself is extremely non-specific when diagnosing COPD in elderly patients. The high specificity of lung CT makes it necessary to use this diagnostic method in elderly patients to detect morphological changes in the lungs in the presence of clinical signs of bronchial obstruction and negative spirometry data. It is necessary to strengthen the role of echocardiography in the diagnosis of chronic pulmonary heart disease and stratification of the severity of the underlying disease in elderly patients with COPD.

[Clinical and functional features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in elderly patients in the Rostov region.]

The study showed the presence of COPD clinical and functional features in elderly patients. Among the statistically significant features, one should highlight the high incidence of COPD (49,7% of the total number of elderly examined) in combination with the shortest duration of the disease in the group of people who have never smoked; the greatest degree of airflow restriction, the maximum severity of pulmonary hypertension and hypoxemia, along with the highest frequency and severity of exacerbations of the underlying disease in the group of patients with COPD, indicating the presence of occupational hazards in the history; the minimum pronounced decrease in quality of life indicators in the group of smokers in combination with an earlier onset of the underlying disease (in comparison with non-smoking patients of the same age). The revealed features can be informative in the diagnosis, treatment, prognosis of the underlying disease and the development of more effective methods of prevention and rehabilitation.

[Hemostatic measures in reconstructive aortic root surgery]. / Metody kontrolya krovotecheniya v rekonstruktivnoi khirurgii kornya aorty.

Bleeding is a significant cause of complications and mortality in surgery for ascending aorta and aortic root disease. This is especially true after complex reconstructions associated with hypothermic circulatory arrest and long-standing cardiopulmonary bypass. The review is devoted to modern methods of hemostasis in reconstructive aortic root surgery.

[Surgical approaches to interventricular septum in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. / Varianty dostupa k mezhzheludochkovoi peregorodke serdtsa pri gipertroficheskoi kardiomiopatii.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a hereditary myocardial disease characterized by ventricular wall and interventricular septum thickening not associated with heart valve disease or any other external cause. Considering different localization of left ventricular obstruction, surgeons should be aware of various surgical approaches to various segments of interventricular septum. A personalized approach to each patient is essential to achieve favorable postoperative effect with minimal incidence of complications. This review is devoted to various surgical approaches to interventricular septum for different phenotypic variants of HCM.