OsBRW1, a novel blast-resistant gene, coded a NBS-LRR protein to interact with OsSRFP1 to balance rice growth and resistance.

It is urgent to mine novel blast-resistant genes in rice and develop new rice varieties with pyramiding blast-resistant genes. In this study, a new blast-resistant gene, OsBRW1, was screened from a set of rice near-isogenic lines (NILs) with different blast-resistant ability. Under the infection of Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae), OsBRW1 in the resistant NIL Pi-4b was highly induced than that in the susceptible NIL Pi-1 and their parent line CO39, and the blast-resistant ability of OsBRW1 was further confirmed by using CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and over-expression methods. The protein encoded by OsBRW1 was a typical NBS-LRR with NB-ARC domain and localized in both cytoplasm and nucleus, and the transient expression of OsBRW1 was capable of triggering hypersensitive response in tobacco leaves. Protein interaction experiments showed that OsBRW1 protein directly interacted with OsSRFP1. At the early infection stage of M. oryzae, OsBRW1 gene induced OsSRFP1 to highly expression level and accumulated H2O2, up-regulated the defence responsive signalling transduction genes and the pathogenesis-related genes and increased JA and SA content in the resistant NIL Pi-4b. By contrary, lower content of endogenous JA and SA in osbrw1 mutants was found at the same stage. After that, OsSRFP1 was down-regulated to constitution abundance to balance the growth of the resistant NIL Pi-4b. In summary, OsBRW1 solicited OsSRFP1 to resist the infection of blast fungus in rice by inducing the synergism of induced systemic resistance (ISR) and system acquired resistance (SAR) and to balance the growth of rice plants.

Activation of autophagy promotes the inhibitory effect of curcumin analog EF-24 against MDA-MB-231 cancer cells.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide. EF-24, an analog of curcumin, has been shown to possess promising anticancer effects. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of EF-24 against one breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, and its anti-migration ability were assessed by MTT, wound healing, and Transwell assay. Furthermore, we found that EF-24 could induce initiation of autophagy as evidenced by fluorescence and electron microscope observation. EF-24 also induced mitochondrial apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells as detected by Hoechst 33342 staining, flow cytometry analysis, and western blot analysis. In addition, the early autophagy inhibitor 3-MA could reduce the cleavage of PARP protein and protect cells from EF-24-induced apoptosis, while the autophagy inducer (rapamycin) could enhance the anticancer effect of EF-24 in MDA-MB-231 cells, which suggest that EF-24 induces crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis, which herein participate in the antiproliferative effect of EF-24 in breast cancer cells. Moreover, removal of EF-24-activated ROS with NAC significantly reversed migration ability of MDA-MB-231 cells, indicating that EF-24 exerted an inhibitory effect through a ROS-mediating pathway. These results will help to elucidate the antitumor mechanism of curcumin analogs and to explore future potential clinical applications.

Prediction of protein-protein interactions between fungus (Magnaporthe grisea) and rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Rice blast disease caused by the fungus Magnaporthe grisea (M. grisea) is one of the most serious diseases for the cultivated rice Oryza sativa (O. sativa). A key factor causing rice blast disease and defense might be protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between rice and fungus. In this research, we have developed a computational pipeline to predict PPIs between blast fungus and rice. After cross-prediction by interolog-based and domain-based method, we achieved 532 potential PPIs between 27 fungus proteins and 236 rice proteins. Accuracy of jackknife test, 10-fold cross-validation test and independent test for these PPIs were 90.43, 93.85 and 84.67%, respectively, by using support vector machine classification method. Meanwhile, the pathogenic genes of blast fungus were enriched in the predicted PPIs network when compared with 1000 random interaction networks. The rice regulatory network was downloaded and divided into 228 subnetworks with over six nodes, and the top seven subnetworks affected by blast fungus through PPIs were investigated. The results indicated that 34 upregulated and 12 downregulated master regulators in rice interacting with the fungus proteins in response to the infection of blast fungus. The common master regulators in rice in response to the infection of M. grisea, Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae and rice stripe virus were analyzed. The ubiquitin proteasome pathway was the common pathway in rice regulated by these three pathogens, while apoptosis signaling pathway was induced by fungus and bacteria. In summary, the results in this article provide insight into the process of blast fungus infection.

Alterations to cardiac morphology and function among high-altitude workers: a retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: Exposure to high altitude can affect human health, including the development of adverse cardiovascular effects. This study aimed to investigate alterations in cardiac morphology and function in high-altitude workers and to identify risk factors associated with cardiac abnormalities. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 286 Qinghai-Tibetan Railroad maintenance workers. Participant data were collected from company personnel records. Data on echocardiography and diagnosis of cardiac abnormalities were extracted from participants' medical records. Time-to-event analysis was used to investigate the risk of cardiac abnormalities among participants with different baseline characteristics and identify risk factors associated with cardiac abnormalities that developed as a result of working at high altitude. RESULTS: A total of 173 participants had developed cardiac abnormalities during the follow-up period. The most common cardiac abnormality was right atrial enlargement, followed by left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and tricuspid regurgitation. Among participants with cardiac abnormalities, the median follow-up time was 17 months. Compared with participants who were younger than 20 years and working at altitude <4000 m, participants older at employment and working at extremely high altitude were more likely to develop cardiac abnormalities. Nearly 40% of the participants who worked at altitude <4000 m remained without cardiac abnormalities during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Over 60% of participants developed cardiac abnormalities after working at high altitude, predominantly right heart enlargement and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Age at employment and workplace altitude were significant risk factors for cardiac abnormalities. Enhanced regular physical examinations are recommended for high-altitude workers.

Rapid Detection of Avian Influenza A Virus (H7N9) by Lateral Flow Dipstick Recombinase Polymerase Amplification.

Avian influenza A (H7N9) virus has caused several epidemics and infection in both human and poultry. With mutation, the H7N9 virus gained its fifth endemic in China. Early diagnosis is crucial for the control of viral spread in poultry and prognosis of infected patients. In this study, we developed and evaluated a lateral flow dipstick recombinase polymerase amplification (LFD-RPA) assay for rapid detection of both hemagglutinin and neuraminidase gene of H7N9. Our H7-LFD-RPA and N9-LFD-RPA assay were able to detect 32 fg H7N9 nucleic acid which is more convenient and rapid than previous methods. Through detecting 50 influenza positive samples, cross-reaction was not found with other subtypes of influenza virus. The 100% analytical specificity and sufficient analytical sensitivity results agreed the real time RT-PCR assay. The results data demonstrated that our method performed well and could be applied to the detection of H7N9 virus. This LFD-RPA assay provides a candidate method for rapid point-of-care diagnosis of H7N9.

Identification of low Ca(2+) stress-induced embryo apoptosis response genes in Arachis hypogaea by SSH-associated library lift (SSHaLL).

Calcium is a universal signal in the regulation of wide aspects in biology, but few are known about the function of calcium in the control of early embryo development. Ca(2+) deficiency in soil induces early embryo abortion in peanut, producing empty pods, which is a general problem; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, embryo abortion was characterized to be caused by apoptosis marked with cell wall degradation. Using a method of SSH cDNA libraries associated with library lift (SSHaLL), 62 differentially expressed genes were isolated from young peanut embryos. These genes were classified to be stress responses, catabolic process, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, embryo morphogenesis, regulation, etc. The cell retardation with cell wall degradation was caused by up-regulated cell wall hydrolases and down-regulated cellular synthases genes. HsfA4a, which was characterized to be important to embryo development, was significantly down-regulated under Ca(2+) -deficient conditions from 15 days after pegging (DAP) to 30 DAP. Two AhCYP707A4 genes, encoding abscisic acid (ABA) 8'-hydroxylases, key enzymes for ABA catabolism, were up-regulated by 21-fold under Ca(2+) -deficient conditions upstream of HsfA4a, reducing the ABA level in early embryos. Over-expression of AhCYP707A4 in Nicotiana benthamiana showed a phenotype of low ABA content with high numbers of aborted embryos, small pods and less seeds, which confirms that AhCYP707A4 is a key player in regulation of Ca(2+) deficiency-induced embryo abortion via ABA-mediated apoptosis. The results elucidated the mechanism of low Ca(2+) -induced embryo abortion and described the method for other fields of study.

Impact of SNPs on Protein Phosphorylation Status in Rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are widely used in functional genomics and genetics research work. The high-quality sequence of rice genome has provided a genome-wide SNP and proteome resource. However, the impact of SNPs on protein phosphorylation status in rice is not fully understood. In this paper, we firstly updated rice SNP resource based on the new rice genome Ver. 7.0, then systematically analyzed the potential impact of Non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) on the protein phosphorylation status. There were 3,897,312 SNPs in Ver. 7.0 rice genome, among which 9.9% was nsSNPs. Whilst, a total 2,508,261 phosphorylated sites were predicted in rice proteome. Interestingly, we observed that 150,197 (39.1%) nsSNPs could influence protein phosphorylation status, among which 52.2% might induce changes of protein kinase (PK) types for adjacent phosphorylation sites. We constructed a database, SNP_rice, to deposit the updated rice SNP resource and phosSNPs information. It was freely available to academic researchers at http://bioinformatics.fafu.edu.cn. As a case study, we detected five nsSNPs that potentially influenced heterotrimeric G proteins phosphorylation status in rice, indicating that genetic polymorphisms showed impact on the signal transduction by influencing the phosphorylation status of heterotrimeric G proteins. The results in this work could be a useful resource for future experimental identification and provide interesting information for better rice breeding.

A group neighborhood average clock synchronization protocol for wireless sensor networks.

Clock synchronization is a very important issue for the applications of wireless sensor networks. The sensors need to keep a strict clock so that users can know exactly what happens in the monitoring area at the same time. This paper proposes a novel internal distributed clock synchronization solution using group neighborhood average. Each sensor node collects the offset and skew rate of the neighbors. Group averaging of offset and skew rate value are calculated instead of conventional point-to-point averaging method. The sensor node then returns compensated value back to the neighbors. The propagation delay is considered and compensated. The analytical analysis of offset and skew compensation is presented. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the protocol and reveal that the protocol allows sensor networks to quickly establish a consensus clock and maintain a small deviation from the consensus clock.

Effectiveness of influenza vaccination on hospitalization outcomes among older patients with diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: In older populations admitted for diabetes, limited evidence suggests that influenza vaccination protects against hospitalization outcomes. METHODS: This study pooled 27,620 hospitalizations recorded for elderly diabetes patients from the Beijing Elderly Influenza Vaccination Information Registration Database (2013-2018) and the Beijing Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance Database (2013-2018). Generalized linear regression and propensity score matching were conducted to estimate the effects of influenza vaccination on hospitalization outcomes (in-hospital all-cause mortality, readmission, length and costs of hospitalization), adjusting for measurable confounding factors. The low influenza period (May-July) was used as a reference period to adjust for unmeasured confounding factors during the peak influenza period (November-January). RESULTS: In propensity score matching, influenza vaccination in peak influenza period could reduce the risk of in-hospital death (OR: 0.47[0.22,0.97]) and readmission (OR: 0.70[0.60,0.81]), length of hospitalization (ß: -1.32[-1.47, -1.17]) and medical costs (GMR: 0.90[0.88,0.92]). After adjusting for unmeasured confounding factors, influenza vaccination was associated with 17% (ratio of ORs: 0.83 [0.69, 1.02]) lower risk of readmission and shorter length of hospitalization (difference in ß: -0.23 [-0.62, 0.16]). The subgroup analyses showed that male patients with older age and poorer health conditions could benefit more after influenza vaccination. CONCLUSION: Influenza vaccination could significantly improve hospitalization outcomes in elderly diabetic patients. This provides evidence supporting free influenza vaccination policies for vulnerable populations in low- and middle-income countries.

Chloroplast genomes of Eriobotrya elliptica and an unknown wild loquat "YN-1".

The chloroplast genomes of wild loquat can help to determine their place in the history of evolution. Here, we sequenced and assembled two novel wild loquat's chloroplast genomes, one is Eriobotrya elliptica, and the other is an unidentified wild loquat, which we named "YN-1". Their sizes are 159,471 bp and 159,399 bp, respectively. We also assembled a cultivated loquat named 'JFZ', its chloroplast genome size is 159,156 bp. A comparative study was conducted with six distinct species of loquats, including five wild loquats and one cultivated loquat. The results showed that both E. elliptica and "YN-1" have 127 genes, one gene more than E. fragrans, which is psbK. Regions trnF-GAA-ndhJ, petG-trnP-UGG, and rpl32-trnL-UAG were found to exhibit high variability. It was discovered that there was a positive selection on rpl22 and rps12. RNA editing analysis found several chilling stress-specific RNA editing sites, especially in rpl2 gene. Phylogenetic analysis results showed that "YN-1" is closely related to E. elliptica, E. obovata and E. henryi.

Treatment-prognostication-adjustment a new therapeutic idea by analyzing T cell immune checkpoint in tumor microenvironment by algorithm: A bibliometric analysis.

To evaluate the temporal and spatial distribution of the knowledge network about tumor microenvironment and prognoses and explore new research hot spots and trends. Articles and reviews on tumor microenvironment and prognoses in the Web of Science journal from January 1999 to April 2022 were included. We used the CiteSpace and VOSviewer software to analyze the knowledge network composed of journals, institutions, countries, authors, and keywords. Frontiers in Immunology, Cancers, and Frontiers in Oncology have published more than 10% of articles in this field. China and the United States have contributed the most articles. Fudan University and Sun Yat-Sen University are the most active institutions. The authors in this field work closely; Zhang Wei and Douglas have made outstanding contributions. The three main research areas of tumor microenvironment and prognoses are microenvironment, prognosis, and immunotherapy. Until 2020, the main keywords were endothelial growth factor and adhesion. In the past three years, survival analysis, immune cell infiltration, and prediction model have been used. It can be seen that the focus in this field has shifted from tumor cell behavior and directly related molecules to prognosis prediction and non-tumor cells in the microenvironment. The future research trend may be to study the changes in the tumor microenvironment to predict the prognosis and guide the treatment. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Microsoft Excel 2019 were used to conduct a comprehensive visual analysis of the research on tumor environment and prognoses and provide valuable reference materials for researchers.

Global scientific trends on matrix metalloproteinase and osteosarcoma: A bibliometric and visualized analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to identify author, country, institutional, and journal collaborations and their impacts, assess the knowledge base, identify existing trends, and uncover emerging topics related to the role of Metalloproteinase in osteosarcoma. Methods: 945 Articles and reviews associated with the role of Metalloproteinase in osteosarcoma were obtained from the WoSCC and analyzed by Citespace and Vosviewer. Results: The main aspects of research on the role of MMP in OS are invasion and metastasis. The latest hotspots were found to be the mechanism of MMP promoting invasion and metastasis, lung metastasis, and antitumor activity. Notably, invasion, metastasis, and antitumor activity were potentially turning points in the MMP-OS field. In the future, the primary research hotspot in the field of MMP-OS may be to study the mechanism, explore their role in the OS lung metastasis, and determine their role in the cancer therapy process. Conclusion: This study thus offers a comprehensive overview of the MMP-OS-related field using bibliometrics and visual methods, which will provide a valuable reference for researchers interested in the field of MMP-OS.

Nitrogen metabolism in mycobacteria: the key genes and targeted antimicrobials.

Nitrogen metabolism is an important physiological process that affects the survival and virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis's utilization of nitrogen in the environment and its adaptation to the harsh environment of acid and low oxygen in macrophages are closely related to nitrogen metabolism. In addition, the dormancy state and drug resistance of M. tuberculosis are closely related to nitrogen metabolism. Although nitrogen metabolism is so important, limited research was performed on nitrogen metabolism as compared with carbon metabolism. M. tuberculosis can use a variety of inorganic or organic nitrogen sources, including ammonium salts, nitrate, glutamine, asparagine, etc. In these metabolic pathways, some enzymes encoded by key genes, such as GlnA1, AnsP2, etc, play important regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of TB. Although various small molecule inhibitors and drugs have been developed for different nitrogen metabolism processes, however, long-term validation is needed before their practical application. Most importantly, with the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, eradication, and control of M. tuberculosis will still be very challenging.

Adenovirus vector-mediated single chain variable fragments target the nucleocapsid protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and protect against viral infection in piglets.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) mainly infects the intestinal epithelial cells of pigs, causing porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED). In particular, the virus causes severe diarrhea, dehydration, and death in neonatal piglets. Maternal immunity effectively protects neonatal piglets from PEDV infection; however, maternal antibodies can only prevent PEDV attachment and entry into target cells, but have no effects on intracellular viruses. Intracellular antibodies targeting virus-encoded proteins are effective in preventing viral infection. We previously identified four single chain variable fragments (scFvs), ZW1-16, ZW3-21, ZW1-41, and ZW4-16, which specifically targeted the PEDV N protein and significantly inhibited PEDV replication and up-regulated interferon-λ1 (IFN-λ1) expression in host cells. In our current study, the four scFvs were subcloned into replication-defective adenovirus vectors to generate recombinant adenoviruses rAdV-ZW1-16, rAdV-ZW3-21, rAdV-ZW1-41, and rAdV-ZW4-16. ScFvs were successfully expressed in Human Embryonic Kidney 293 (HEK293) cells and intestinal porcine epithelial cell line J2 (IPEC-J2) and were biosafe for piglets as indicated by body temperature and weight, scFv excretion in feces, IFN-γ and interleukin-4 (IL-4) expression in jejunum, and pathological changes in porcine tissue after oral administration. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical analyses showed that scFvs were expressed in porcine jejunum. The prophylactic effects of rAdV-ZW, a cocktail of the four rAdV-scFvs, on piglet diarrhea caused by PEDV was investigated. Clinical symptoms in piglets orally challenged with PEDV, following a two-time treatment with rAdV-ZW, were significantly reduced when compared with PEDV-infected piglets treated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or rAdV-wild-type. Also, no death and jejunal lesions were observed. ScFv co-localization with the PEDV N protein in vivo was also observed. Next, the expression of pro-inflammatory serum cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and IFN-λ was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which showed that scFvs significantly suppressed PEDV-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and restored PEDV-inhibited IFN-λ expression. Therefore, our study supported a promising role for intracellular scFvs targeting the PEDV N protein to prevent and treat diarrhea in PEDV-infected piglets.

A Review of Robotic Fish Based on Smart Materials.

The present study focuses on summarizing the recent advancements in the field of fish swimming mode research and bionic robotic fish prototypes based on smart materials. It has been widely acknowledged that fish exhibit exceptional swimming efficiency and manoeuvrability compared to conventional underwater vehicles. In the pursuit of developing autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), conventional experimental methods often prove to be complex and expensive. Hence, the utilization of computer simulations for hydrodynamic modelling provides a cost-effective and efficient approach for analysing the swimming behaviour of bionic robotic fish. Additionally, computer simulations can provide data that are difficult to obtain through experimental methods. Smart materials, which integrate perception, drive, and control functions, are increasingly being applied to bionic robotic fish research. However, the utilization of smart materials in this field is still an area of ongoing research and several challenges remain unresolved. This study provides an overview of the current state of research on fish swimming modes and the development of hydrodynamic modelling. The application of four distinct types of smart materials in bionic robotic fish is then reviewed, with a focus on analysing the advantages and disadvantages of each material in driving swimming behaviour. In conclusion, the paper highlights the key technical challenges that must be addressed for the practical implementation of bionic robotic fish and provides insights into the potential future directions of this field.

CD44 connects autophagy decline and ageing in the vascular endothelium.

The decline of endothelial autophagy is closely related to vascular senescence and disease, although the molecular mechanisms connecting these outcomes in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) remain unclear. Here, we identify a crucial role for CD44, a multifunctional adhesion molecule, in controlling autophagy and ageing in VECs. The CD44 intercellular domain (CD44ICD) negatively regulates autophagy by reducing PIK3R4 and PIK3C3 levels and disrupting STAT3-dependent PtdIns3K complexes. CD44 and its homologue clec-31 are increased in ageing vascular endothelium and Caenorhabditis elegans, respectively, suggesting that an age-dependent increase in CD44 induces autophagy decline and ageing phenotypes. Accordingly, CD44 knockdown ameliorates age-associated phenotypes in VECs. The endothelium-specific CD44ICD knock-in mouse is shorter-lived, with VECs exhibiting obvious premature ageing characteristics associated with decreased basal autophagy. Autophagy activation suppresses the premature ageing of human and mouse VECs overexpressing CD44ICD, function conserved in the CD44 homologue clec-31 in C. elegans. Our work describes a mechanism coordinated by CD44 function bridging autophagy decline and ageing.

Morphological and Developmental Features of Stone Cells in Eriobotrya Fruits.

Some members of the Rosaceae family, particularly pear, contain stone cells in their fruits. Although stone cells in pear fruits are well studied, relatively little attention has been given to loquat stone cells. Only a few reports have suggested a relationship between stone cell traits and storage and transport tolerance of loquat fruits. Previously, we generated the variety JT8 from the interspecific hybrid of the loquat cultivar Jiefangzhong (JFZ; Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. cv. Jiefangzhong, female parent) and wild Taiwanese loquat (TL; E. deflexa Nakai, male parent). The JT8 fruits had a granular feel, similar to that of pear fruits, due to the presence of stone cells. In this study, the shape, size, development, and distribution dynamics of stone cells of Eriobotrya plants were thoroughly investigated. The results showed that loquat stone cells are brachysclereids and often contain typical branching pits. Loquat stone cells were distributed as both single stone cells and in stone cell clusters (SCCs), and the density of the stone cells near the core was higher than that near the peel. Stone cell density first increased and then decreased during fruit development. These traits noted in Eriobotrya were very similar to those observed in pear, indicating a close relationship between loquat and pear. Moreover, the contents, density dynamics, and aggregation traits of stone cells of the interspecific hybrid JT8 were derived from the male parent (TL). Transgressive segregation was likely exhibited in the content of stone cells and the size of the SCCs. More specifically, the content of stone cells reached 1.61% (w/w). In extreme cases, SCCs of JT8 exceeded 1,000 µm in length and 500 µm in width. This demonstrated that stone cell traits could be transmitted from parent to progeny through interspecific hybridization. The density dynamics of stone cells in two loquat cultivars with different storage and transport tolerances were also investigated, which indicated that the cultivar with more stone cells was more tolerant to storage and transport. We suggest that wild loquat genetic resources containing stone cells in Eriobotrya plants can be used to gradually improve the storage and transport tolerance of loquat fruits.

Boosting the surface oxygen activity for high performance Iron-based perovskite oxide.

Surface oxygen activities always play an important role in various heterogeneous reaction processes. In this study, the surface oxygen activity of studied perovskite oxides is greatly enhanced after the composition and morphology are tuned. It is worth noting that the surface oxygen activity is enhanced correspondingly, accompanied by higher surface area, better reducibility, and superior low-temperature reactivity of studied catalysts. The sample introduced with nickel atom and nanorods structure possesses higher surface oxygen activity and vacancies with superior performance including T10 at 221 °C and T90 at 243 °C, nearly 90 °C elevations. Double perovskite oxides, especially with nanorods structure are verified to be composed of more surface active oxygen, which could be related to low-temperature redox ability and superior oxygen vacancies. Based on the DFT calculation, introducing nickel element is confirmed to be able to efficiently boost the generation of oxygen vacancies and adsorption of oxygen molecular, in accord with the analysis of characterization. To sum up, the strategy of introducing the nickel atom and nanorods structure could effectively tune the surface oxygen activity and generate more oxygen vacancies, which would be beneficial to the catalytic performance of toluene catalytic oxidation correspondingly.

Proteomic analysis of the rat ovary following chronic low-dose exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD).

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a ubiquitously distributed endocrine-disrupting chemical and reproductive toxicant. In order to elucidate low-dose TCDD-mediated effects on reproductive or endocrine functions, female Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered various concentrations (20, 50, or 125 ng/kg once weekly) TCDD for 29 wk. A proteomic analysis of the ovaries by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) tandem mass spectrometry showed distinct changes in the levels of several proteins that are relevant markers of TCDD toxicity. Serum estradiol (E2) levels of TCDD-treated animals were markedly lower than control. There were no significant differences in bone mineral density (BMD) of femurs. The body weight of the 125-ng/kg TCDD group was significantly decreased relative to control and there was also a significant reduction in absolute and relative ovarian weights. Expressions of selenium binding protein 2, glutathione S-transferase mu type 3, Lrpap1 protein, NADPH, and peptidylprolyl isomerase D were upregulated, while prohibitin and N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor expression levels were downregulated. Data provide further insight into the mechanisms by which TCDD disrupts ovarian function by indicating which differential protein expressions following low-dose TCDD exposure.

[Screening and identification of probiotic bifidobacterium from Mongolian children].

OBJECTIVE: Bifidobacterium has important physiological activity in gastrointestinal tract of human and animals, and the tolerability of acid, intestinal juice and oxgall bile salt are the key factors that influence the function of living bacteria preparation. In this study, feces of 12 healthy Mongolian children were selected to isolate Bifidobacterium with probiotic properties. METHODS: Bifidobacterium was isolated from feces by selective medium and identified by physiological biochemical test. The tolerability of acid, intestinal juice and oxgall bile salt of 11 Bfidobacteria were studied and B. animalis V9 was identified further by molecular biological approach 16S rDNA. RESULTS: Eleven Bifidobacteria isolated from feces of 12 healthy Mongolian children were identified as B. adolescentis (A1, H3, G4, A8 and V10), B. longum (C6, C7 and D11), B. pseudocatenlatum (B2), B. bifidum (G5), B. animalis (V9). B. animalis V9 had the best acid tolerance with the survival rate 92.4% in artificial gastric juice at pH2.0 for 3h, whereas others had lower than 31.25%. B. animalis V9 also had good survival rate (99.7%) in artificial intestinal juice at pH8.0 for 8h after anaerobic cultured 3h in artificial gastric juice at pH2.0, and tolerated oxgall bile salt at concentration of 0.3%. B. animalis V9 was identified further by molecular biological approach 16S rDNA and result showed the homologies of B. animalis V9 was 99% with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactic BB12. CONCLUSION: B. animalis V9 had good probiotic properties to be potentiallyused in dairy products and health products.