The comparative advantages of ethanol and sucrose as co-substrates in the degradation of an anionic surfactant: microbial community selection.

The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community was investigated in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). The AFBR was operated in three stages, in addition to the biomass adaptation stage without LAS (stage I). The stages were differentiated by their supplementary co-substrates: stage II had sucrose plus ethanol, stage III had only ethanol, and stage IV had no co-substrate. The replacement of sucrose plus ethanol with ethanol only for the substrate composition favored the efficiency of LAS removal, which remained high after the co-substrate was removed (stage II: 52 %; stage III: 73 %; stage IV: 77 %). A transition in the microbial community from Comamonadaceae to Rhodocyclaceae in conjunction with the co-substrate variation was observed using ion sequencing analysis. The microbial community that developed in response to an ethanol-only co-substrate improved LAS degradation more than the community that developed in response to a mixture of sucrose and ethanol, suggesting that ethanol is a better option for enriching an LAS-degrading microbial community.

Metagenomic analysis of the microbiome in three different bioreactor configurations applied to commercial laundry wastewater treatment.

The taxonomic and functional diversity of three different biological reactors (fluidized bed reactor, FBR; up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, UASB; and expanded granular sludge bed reactor, EGSB) used for commercial laundry wastewater treatment was investigated using metagenome shotgun sequencing. Metagenomes were sequenced on the Illumina Hiseq platform and were analyzed using MG-RAST, STAMP and PAST software. The EGSB and UASB reactors were more closely related based on taxonomic and functional profiles, likely due to similar granular sludge and procedures adopted to ensure anaerobic conditions. The EGSB and UASB reactors showed a predominance of methanogens and genes related to methanogenesis, with a prevalence of the acetoclastic pathway, in addition to the peripheral and central O2-independent pathways for aromatic compound degradation. By contrast, FBR showed a dominance of aerobic microbiota and pathways for O2-dependent aromatic compound degradation. Therefore, although the reactors showed similar surfactant removal levels, the microbial composition, functional diversity and aromatic compound degradation pathways were significantly distinct.