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1.
Hypertens Res ; 46(6): 1482-1492, 2023 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36890272

RESUMO

Blood pressure (BP) measurements obtained during a twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (24 h ABPM) have not been reliably applied to extract arterial hemodynamics. We aimed to describe the hemodynamic profiles of different hypertension (HT) subtypes derived from a new method for total arterial compliance (Ct) estimation in a large group of individuals undergoing 24 h ABPM. A cross-sectional study was conducted, which included patients with suspected HT. Cardiac output, Ct, and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were derived through a two-element Windkessel model without having a pressure waveform. Arterial hemodynamics were analyzed according to HT subtypes in 7434 individuals (5523 untreated HT and 1950 normotensive controls [N]). The individuals mean age was 46.2 ± 13.0 years; 54.8% were male, and 22.1% were obese. In isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), the cardiac index (CI) was greater than that in normotensive (N) controls (CI: IDH vs. N mean difference 0.10 L/m/m2; CI 95% 0.08 to 0.12; p value <0.001), with no significant clinical difference in Ct. Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) and divergent systolic-diastolic hypertension (D-SDH) had lower Ct values than nondivergent HT subtype (Ct: divergent vs. nondivergent mean difference -0.20 mL/mmHg; CI 95% -0.21 to -0.19 mL/mmHg; p value <0.001). Additionally, D-SDH displayed the highest TPR (TPR: D-SDH vs. N mean difference 169.8 dyn*s/cm-5; CI 95% 149.3 to 190.3 dyn*s/cm-5; p value <0.001). A new method is provided for the simultaneous assessment of arterial hemodynamics with 24 h ABPM as a single diagnostic tool, which allows a comprehensive assessment of arterial function for hypertension subtypes. Main hemodynamic findings in arterial HT subtypes with regard to Ct and TPR. The 24 h ABPM profile reflects the state of Ct and TPR. Younger individuals with IDH present with a normal Ct and frequently increased CO. Patients with ND-SDH maintain an adequate Ct with a higher TPR, while subjects with D-SDH present with a reduced Ct, high PP and high TPR. Finally, the ISH subtype occurs in older individuals with significantly reduced Ct, high PP and a variable TPR proportional to the degree of arterial stiffness and MAP values. There was an observed increase in PP with age in relation to the changes in Ct (see also text). SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MAP: mean arterial pressure; PP: pulse pressure; N: normotension; HT: hypertension; IDH: isolated diastolic hypertension; ND-SDH: nondivergent systole-diastolic hypertension; D-SDH: divergent systolic-diastolic hypertension; ISH: isolated systolic hypertension; Ct: total arterial compliance; TPR: total peripheral resistance; CO: cardiac output; 24 h ABPM: 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.


Assuntos
Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial , Hipertensão , Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Pressão Sanguínea , Hemodinâmica
2.
Blood Press Monit ; 26(6): 426-434, 2021 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34128491

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To propose and validate a new method for estimating cardiac output based on the total arterial compliance (Ct) formula that does not need an arterial waveform and to apply it to brachial oscillometric blood pressure measurements (OBPMs). METHODS: One hundred subjects with normal heart anatomy and function were included. Reference values for cardiac output were measured with echocardiography, and Ct was calculated with a two-element Windkessel model. Then, a statistical model of arterial compliance (Ce) was used to estimate cardiac output. Finally, the measured and estimated cardiac output values were compared for accuracy and reproducibility. RESULTS: The model was derived from the data of 70 subjects and prospectively tested with the data from the remaining 30 individuals. The mean age of the whole group was 43.4 ± 12.8 years, with 46% women. The average blood pressure (BP) was 107.1/65.0 ± 15.0/9.6 mmHg and the average heart rate was 67.7 ± 11.4 beats/min. The average Ct was 1.39 ± 0.27 mL/mmHg and the average cardiac output was 5.5 ± 1.0 L/min. The mean difference in the cardiac output estimated by the proposed methodology vs. that measured by Doppler echocardiography was 0.022 L/min with an SD of 0.626 L/min. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.93, and the percentage error was 19%. CONCLUSION: Cardiac output could be reliably and noninvasively obtained with brachial OBPMs through a novel method for estimating Ct without the need for an arterial waveform. The new method could identify hemodynamic factors that explain BP values in an ambulatory care setting.


Assuntos
Artéria Braquial , Adulto , Pressão Sanguínea , Artéria Braquial/diagnóstico por imagem , Débito Cardíaco , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oscilometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
3.
Infectio ; 20(1): 3-8, ene.-mar. 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-770872

RESUMO

Introducción: La bacteremia por Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo (SCN) es una infección que actualmente genera significativa morbimortalidad dado el tipo de pacientes a los que afecta y el cambio en el perfil de susceptibilidad a los antibióticos. Objetivo: Describir características de los pacientes con aislamientos de SCN en sangre con CIM para vancomicina ≥2. Metodología: Estudio observacional descriptivo en pacientes hospitalizados ≥ 15 años. Resultados: De 130 aislamientos, 38 (29,23%) tenían CIM para vancomicina ≥ 2. La mediana de edad fue de 54 años y la razón hombre:mujer, de 1,37:1. Las especies más frecuentes fueron: S. epidermidis (71,1%), S. haemolyticus (13,2%) y S. hominis (7,9%). El 44,7% tenían antecedentes de inmunosupresión, siendo las más importantes: neoplasias (28,9%), enfermedad reumatológica (5,2%) y VIH (2,6%). El 81,5% tenían accesos vasculares, el 97,3% antecedente de hospitalización previa y el 60,5% habían requerido manejo en la UCI. El 81,4% tuvieron exposición previa a antibióticos, y los más utilizados fueron: betalactámicos (78,9%) y vancomicina (50%). En el 2,6% se documentó endocarditis infecciosa. De los aislamientos de SCN con CIM para vancomicina ≥2 µg/ml, el 26,3% fueron sensibles a meticilina. Los principales tratamientos recibidos fueron: daptomicina (31,5%), vancomicina (21%), linezolid (15,7%) y betalactámicos (10,5%). Se utilizó terapia combinada en el 10,5%. La mortalidad general fue del 15,8%, y la mortalidad atribuible, del 33,3%. Conclusión: Un porcentaje considerable de aislamientos tenían heterorresistencia para vancomicina. La bacteremia estuvo asociada con accesos vasculares, hospitalizaciones previas, tratamientos en cuidado intensivo y exposición previa a antibióticos. La inmunosupresión es la comorbilidad más importante, y la mortalidad es significativa.


Introduction: Currently, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) bacteremia is an infection that leads to significant morbidity and mortality given the type of patients affected and the recent changes in antimicrobial susceptibility. Objective: To describe the characteristics of patients with CNS blood isolates with vancomycin MIC ≥ 2. Methodology: Descriptive observational study on hospitalised patients ≥ 2 15 years of age. Results: Of 130 isolates, 38 (29,23%) contained vancomycin MIC ≥ 2. The median age was 54 years and the male:female ratio was 1.37:1. The most frequent species were S. epidermidis (71.1%), S. haemolyticus (13.2%) and S. hominis (7.9%). Some 44.7% of patients had a history of immunosuppression, including: neoplasms (28.9%), rheumatologic disease (5.2%) and HIV (2.6%). Some 81,5% had vascular access; 97.3% had previous hospitalisations and 60.5% had required intensive care. A total of 81.4% of the patients had prior exposure to antibiotics and the most commonly used were beta-lactams (78.9%) and vancomycin (50%). Infective endocarditis was documented in 2.6%. Of the CNS isolates with vancomycin MIC ≥ 2, 26.3% were sensitive to methicillin. The main treatments received were: daptomycin (31.5%), vancomycin (21%), linezolid (15.7%) and betalactams (10.5%). Combined therapy was performed in 10.5%. The overall mortality was 15.8% and attributable mortality was 33.3%. Conclusion: A significant proportion of isolates were hetero-resistant to vancomycin. The bacteremia was associated with vascular access, previous hospitalisations, intensive care treatments and prior antibiotic exposure. Immunosuppression is the most important comorbidity and mortality is significant.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Staphylococcus , Bacteriemia , Infecções Bacterianas , Vancomicina , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto , Antibacterianos
4.
Infectio ; 20(3): 158-164, jul.-sep. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-791165

RESUMO

Antecedentes: La coinfección por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y micobacterias tiene un efecto dual; el riesgo de enfermedad extrapulmonar y diseminada por micobacterias se incrementa y la progresión de la enfermedad VIH se acelera. La tuberculosis (TB) es la entidad que más amenaza la vida en estos pacientes. Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo. Objetivo: Determinar las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y el perfil de resistencia en los pacientes con coinfección VIH y micobacterias. Resultados: De 159 pacientes con diagnóstico de infección por VIH, 44 (27,7%) tenían coinfección por micobacterias. La edad promedio fue de 36,7 años ± 11,3. El 86% fueron hombres. Al ingreso 66% tenía síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA), 20% historia de TB y 11% historia de otras enfermedades de transmisión sexual. El 50% tenía linfocitos T CD4 <50/mm³. Las principales comorbilidades fueron neoplasias hematológicas 11%, insuficiencia cardiaca 4,5% y enfermedad linfoproliferativa 4,5%. La incidencia anual fue de 4,6%. Las formas diseminadas fueron el 54% de los casos. Se identificó M. tuberculosisen 77,3%, micobacterias no tuberculosas (MNT) en 18,3% y en el 4,5% no fue posible establecerla especie. El 2,5% de los aislamientos de M. tuberculosis fueron multifarmacorresistentes (TB-MDR) y en 18,2% se identificó resistencia a un solo fármaco o resistencia combinada. En el 54%de los pacientes se documentó compromiso pulmonar. La letalidad fue del 9,1%. Conclusión: En nuestros pacientes, la infección por M. tuberculosis es la más frecuente y es llamativa la alta prevalencia de resistencia al menos a un fármaco y la TB-MDR. Las infecciones por MNT son cada vez más frecuentes. Las formas diseminadas y extrapulmonares son muy importantes. La incidencia anual es alta.


Background: Co-infection with the human inmunodeficiency virus (HIV) and mycobacteria hasa synergistic effect; the risk of extrapulmonary and disseminated mycobacterium disease isincreased and the progression of HIV disease is accelerated. Tuberculosis (TB) is the entity thatis most life threatening to these patients. Methodology: Observational, descriptive and retrospective study. Objective: To determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and the resistanceprofile in patients coinfected with HIV and mycobacteria. Results: Of 159 patients diagnosed with HIV, 44 (27.7%) patients were co-infected with myco-bacteria. The average age was 36.7 years ± 11.3. Some 86% were men. At admission, 66% hadacquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), 20% a history of TB and 11% a history of othersexually transmitted diseases. A total of 50% reported a count of CD4 lymphocytes less than50 cells/mm 3 . Major comorbidities were haematological malignancies in 11%, heart failure in4.5%, and lymphoproliferative disease in 4.5%. The annual incidence was 4.6%. Disseminatedforms were found in 54% of cases. M. tuberculosis was identified in 77.3%, non-tuberculousmycobacteria (NTM) in 18.3% and in 4.5%, it was not possible to establish the species. Some2.5% of isolates of M. tuberculosis were multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and 18.2% were resistantto a single drug or had combined resistance. There was documented pulmonary involvement In54% of patients. Mortality was 9.1%. Conclusion: In our patients, infection with M. tuberculosis was the most common and the highprevalence of resistance to at least one drug and MDR-TB was striking. NTM infections are becoming more common. The extra-pulmonary and disseminated forms are common, and annual incidence is high.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Infecções por HIV , HIV , Hospitais Universitários , Tuberculose , Colômbia , Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos , Mycobacterium
5.
Infectio ; 19(1): 31-34, ene.-mar. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-742600

RESUMO

Se describe el caso de una mujer auxiliar de enfermería quien sufrió accidente de riesgo biológico luego de punción con aguja, al canalizar una vena periférica. La auxiliar de enfermería era residente en área rural y fue atendida en urgencias de su hospital local. El origen de la exposición (fuente) fue positivo para VIH y negativo para VHB y VHC. La trabajadora de la salud accidentada fue negativa para VIH, VHB y VHC y no recibió profilaxis antirretroviral (ARV) postexposición y luego fue remitida a nuestra institución. Este es el primer reporte en Colombia de seroconversión al VIH luego de exposición ocupacional.


We report a postexposure HIV infection in a woman nursing assistant, resident in rural area. She suffered biohazard exposure after needlestick incident during channeling of peripheral vein. She was attended at their local hospital emergency room. The serostatus on the patient's exposure source (source) was HIV positive and negative for HBV and HCV. The health worker was negative for HIV, HBV and HCV and she did not receive antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis at the initial consultation. Thereafter she was referred to our institution. This is the first report of HIV infection after occupational exposure in Colombia.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Substâncias Perigosas , Infecções por HIV , Exposição Ocupacional , HIV , Pessoal de Saúde , Acidentes , Vírus da Hepatite B , Ferimentos Penetrantes Produzidos por Agulha , Atenção à Saúde , Antirretrovirais , Emergências , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Assistentes de Enfermagem
6.
Infectio ; 18(3): 79-85, jul.-set. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-729452

RESUMO

Antecedentes: Los accidentes ocupacionales de riesgo biológico tienen como mayor riesgo postexposición la seroconversión para el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) y B (VHB). En la literatura latinoamericana aún faltan estudios que aporten información al respecto. Objetivo: Describir las características epidemiológicas de los accidentes ocupacionales de riesgo biológico. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo longitudinal. Resultados: Se describen 231 episodios de riesgo biológico. La mediana de edad fue 30 años. Un 65,8% fueron mujeres. Las principales actividades laborales fueron: auxiliares de enfermería (22,9%), aseo hospitalario (16,5%), estudiantes (14,3%), recolección de basuras (5,2%) y médicos (4,8%). El mecanismo del accidente fue: punción (77%), herida cortante (11,3%) y contacto con mucosas (9,1%). En 24% la fuente fue conocida y de estas fueron positivas para VIH un 62,5%, para VHB un 3,5% y para VHC un 5,3%. Recibieron profilaxis postexposición (PPE) un 75,8% de los 231. Entre los expuestos a fuente VIH positiva, recibieron PPE biconjugada 85,1% y terapia triple 14,8% De los que recibieron profilaxis, 40% presentaron reacciones adversas, siendo las gastrointestinales (77,1%) y las neurológicas (45,7%) las más frecuentes. Al ingreso, un 67,1% tenían anticuerpos protectores para VHB. Durante el seguimiento se confirmó una seroconversión postexposición para VIH. Conclusión: El riesgo de adquirir infecciones postexposición ocupacional es una realidad en nuestro medio; se debe hacer énfasis en estrategias de prevención de exposición, introyectar la cultura del reporte y el manejo adecuado de la profilaxis postexposición.


Background: Occupational biohazard exposure can increase the risk of postexposure seroconversion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C (HCV) and B virus (HBV). In Latin America, the literature lack of studies on this topic. Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of occupational biohazard exposure. Methodology: A descriptive, longitudinal study. Results: A total of 231 episodes of biological risk exposure are described. The median age was 30 years, and 65.8% were women. The major occupational activities were: nursing assistants 22.9%, hospital cleaning 16.5%, students 14.3%, garbage collection 5.2% and physicians 4.8%. The mechanisms of the accidents were: needle stick 77%, cutting wound 11.3% and contact with mucous membranes 9.1%. In 24% the source was known and of these, 62.5% were positive for HIV 3.5% for HBV and 5.3% for HCV. A total of 75.8% of the 231 received postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). In those exposed to an HIV-positive source, 85.1% received a two-drug conjugate for PPE, and 14.8% received triple therapy. Of those who received prophylaxis, 40% reported adverse events with being the most frequent the gastrointestinal (77.1%) and neurological (45.7%). At admission, 67.1% had protective antibodies to HBV. During program monitoring, HIV seroconversion was confirmed in one patient. Conclusion: The risk of acquiring occupational infections postexposure is a reality in our country. This emphasizes the importance of exposure prevention strategies, introjecting the reporting culture and proper management of postexposure prophylaxis.


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Acidentes de Trabalho , Profilaxia Pós-Exposição , Pacientes , Médicos , Mulheres , Vírus da Hepatite B , HIV , Ferimentos Penetrantes Produzidos por Agulha , Hepatite C , Colômbia , Hepacivirus , Hospitais , Infecções
7.
Med. U.P.B ; 31(2): 105-112, jul.-dic. 2012. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-689079

RESUMO

Objetivo: describir supervivencia de pacientes con LMA manejados en el Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe (HPTU) durante el periodo entre enero de 2004 y junio de 2010. Metodología: estudio observacional descriptivo de serie de casos, en pacientes con LMA diagnosticados y tratados en el HPTU entre los años 2004 y 2010. Resultados: 53 casos de LMA, 62.2% mujeres. La mediana de edad fue de 55 años. La mediana de leucocitos en el momento del diagnóstico fue de 9300. 5 casos (9.43%) fueron secundarios a síndromes mielodisplásicos. 51 pacientes (96.22%) recibieron tratamiento quimioterápico. El esquema de tratamiento más frecuente fue idarrubicina más citarabina 7x3 en 39 pacientes (90.7%). 28 pacientes (52.8%) alcanzaron respuesta completa a la quimioterapia de inducción. 3 pacientes fueron llevados a trasplante alogénico. 5 pacientes murieron durante la inducción, 3 de ellos mayores de 60 años. La mediana de supervivencia global fue de 348 días. La mediana de supervivencia libre de enfermedad fue de 404 días. La tasa de supervivencia global a un año fue de 49%. Conclusiones: serie de 53 pacientes adultos con LMA. Encontramos tiempos de supervivencia global similares a los de reportes mundiales.


Objective: To describe survival of AML patients at Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe (HPTU) between January 2004 and June 2010.Methods: An observational-descriptive case series in AML patients diagnosed and treated at HPTU between 2004 and 2010. Results: Fifty-three cases of AML, 62.2% women. The median age was 55 years. Median WBC at diagnosis was 9,300. 5 cases (9.43%) were secondary to myelodysplastic syndromes. 51 patients (96.22%) received chemotherapy. The most common treatment regimen was idarubicin plus cytarabine 7x3 in 39 patients (73.58%). 28 patients (52.8%) achieved complete response to induction chemotherapy. 3 patients underwent allogeneic transplantation. 5 patients died during induction, 3 of them over 60 years. The median overall survival was 348 days. The median disease-free survival was 404 days. The overall survival rate at one year was 49%.Conclusions: Series of 53 adult patients with AML. We found similar overall survival times as those reported in previous studies worldwide.


Objetivo: descrever sobrevivência de pacientes com LMA manejados no Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe (HPTU) durante o período entre janeiro de 2004 e junho 2010. Metodologia: estudo observacional descritivo de série de casos, em pacientes com LMA diagnosticados e tratados no HPTU entre os anos 2004 e 2010. Resultados: 53 casos de LMA, 62.2% mulheres. A média de idade foi de 55 anos. A média de leucocitos ao diagnóstico foi de 9300. 5 casos (9.43%) foram secundários a síndromes mielodisplásicos. 51 pacientes (96.22%) receberam tratamento quimioterápico. O esquema de tratamento mais frequente foi idarrubicina mas citarabina 7x3 em 39 pacientes (90.7%). 28 pacientes (52.8%) atingiram resposta completa à quimioterapia de indução. 3 pacientes foram levados a transplante alogénico. 5 pacientes morreram durante a indução, 3 deles maiores de 60 anos. A média de sobrevivência global foi de 348 dias. A média de sobrevivência livre de doença foi de 404 dias. A taxa de sobrevivência global a um ano foi de 49%. Conclusões: série de 53 pacientes adultos com LMA. Encontramos tempos de sobrevivência global similares aos de reportes mundiais.


Assuntos
Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Transplante Homólogo , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas , Hematologia
8.
Rev. colomb. gastroenterol ; 26(4): 285-291, dic. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-639921

RESUMO

Las alteraciones de la coagulación en pacientes con enfermedad hepática crónica son frecuentes; aunque clásicamente se ha descrito como un fenómeno de "autoanticoagulación" los cambios en la hemostasia son amplios y difusos, incluyen alteraciones en sustancias procoagulantes y anticoagulantes, modificaciones hemodinámicas, disfunción endotelial y alteraciones plaquetarias, que son responsables de diferentes presentaciones clínicas, desde el extremo de eventos hemorrágicos hasta trombóticos. Dado lo complejo de estas alteraciones, las pruebas de laboratorio se correlacionan poco con los eventos clínicos. El manejo de estos pacientes es controversial; en la actualidad no tenemos métodos objetivos que nos indiquen hacia qué lado de la balanza se encuentra el paciente con enfermedad hepática crónica (sangrado vs. trombosis); adicionalmente, en la literatura médica no se encuentran guías de manejo en esta población especial, más aún teniendo en cuenta que el riesgo de trombosis pone de manifiesto la necesidad de considerar el uso de tromboprofilaxis.


Coagulation alterations in patients with chronic liver disease occur frequently, although they are usually described as auto-anticoagulation phenomena. Changes in hemostasis are broad and diffuse. They include changes in procoagulant and anticoagulant substances, hemodynamic modifications, endothelial dysfunction and platelet malfunction which are the causes of different clinical conditions varying from hemorrhaging to thrombosis. Given the complexity of theses alterations, laboratory tests do not correlate well with the clinical events. Treatment for these patients has been controversial. Currently we do not have objective methods for determining the hemostatic balance between bleeding and thrombosis in patients with chronic liver disease. In addition to this, the medical literature does not include guidelines for dealing with this special population. Also, the risk of thrombosis indicates the need to consider the use of thromboprophylaxis.


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea , Doença Hepática Terminal , Hemorragia , Trombose
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