International validation of two EORTC questionnaires for assessment of health-related quality of life for patients with high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma (QLQ-NHL-HG29) and low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma (QLQ-NHL-LG20).

BACKGROUND: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a critical aspect to consider when making treatment decisions for patients with non-Hodgkin-lymphoma (NHL). This international study by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) tested the psychometric properties of two newly developed measures for patients with high-grade (HG)- and low-grade (LG)-NHL: the EORTC QLQ-NHL-HG29 and the EORTC QLQ-NHL-LG20 to supplement the core questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30). METHODS: Overall, 768 patients with HG-NHL (N = 423) and LG-NHL (N = 345) from 12 countries completed the QLQ-C30, QLQ-NHL-HG29/QLQ-NHL-LG20 and a debriefing questionnaire at baseline, and a subset at follow-up for either retest (N = 125/124) or responsiveness to change (RCA; N = 98/49). RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable to good fit of the 29 items of the QLQ-NHL-HG29 on its five scales (symptom burden [SB], neuropathy, physical condition/fatigue [PF], emotional impact [EI], and worries about health/functioning [WH]), and of the 20 items of the QLQ-NHL-LG20 on its four scales (SB, PF, EI, and WH). Completion took on average 10 minutes. Test-retest reliability, convergent validity, known-group comparisons, and RCA find satisfactory results of both measures. A total of 31%-78% of patients with HG-NHL and 22%-73% of patients with LG-NHL reported symptoms and/or worries (e.g., tingling in hands/feet, lack of energy, and worries about recurrence). Patients reporting symptoms/worries had substantially lower HRQOL compared to those without. DISCUSSION: The use of the EORTC QLQ-NHL-HG29 and QLQ-NHL-LG20 questionnaires in clinical research and practice will provide clinically relevant data to better inform treatment decision-making. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Group developed two questionnaires. These questionnaires measure health-related quality of life. The questionnaires are for patients with high-grade or low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma. They are called the EORTC QLQ-NHL-HG29 and QLQ-NHL-LG20. The questionnaires are now internationally validated. This study demonstrates that the questionnaires are reliably and valid, which are important aspects of a questionnaire. The questionnaires can now be used in clinical trials and practice. With the information gathered from the questionnaires, patients and clinicians can better evaluate treatments and discuss the best choice for a patient.

Multidisciplinary team meetings in Hematology: a national mixed-methods study.

Multidisciplinary team meetings are a current international practice in cancer care, but to date, few data exist on the specificity of its practice in hematology.In this manuscript, we present the result of the first national study, realized with quantitative and qualitative methods in France, which brings new insights in order to improve the collegial decision-making process.To improve the effectiveness of MDTMs, the needs to focus on complex cases, to enhance patient centeredness and teamwork are relevant aspects, and a specific focus on hematological particularities is warranted to truly improve process.Background Understanding the Multidisciplinary team meetings (MDTMs) process in different medical specialties facilitates the identification of core factors supporting effective MDTM work. Our mixed-methods study explores the participants' perceptions of hematology MDTMs.Design Online questionnaires collected data concerning the decision-making process, benefits and inconveniences of MDTMs for both patients and professionals. Semi-directive phone interviews were conducted and analyzed, thereby supplying qualitative data.Results A total of 205 professionals responded to the questionnaire and 22 participated in the qualitative interviews. The data indicate the unique characteristics of hematology, including a specific definition of collegiality, the frequent solicitation of expert advice and the anticipation of treatment even prior to the occurrence of MDTMs. Additional information concerning patients' wishes and psychosocial conditions are also needed. Participants emphasize the subjective aspects and the impact of the climate of MDTMs on medical decisions.Conclusion Although MDTMs are recognized to be a valuable tool, organizational and relational issues may interfere with their efficiency.To improve the effectiveness of MDTMs, the needs to focus on complex cases, to enhance patient centeredness and teamwork are relevant aspects. A specific focus on hematological particularities might be warranted to truly improve the collegial decision-making process in the context of hematology.

International validation of the EORTC QLQ-CLL17 questionnaire for assessment of health-related quality of life for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

Selecting the most appropriate chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) treatment is challenging. Patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is therefore a critical aspect to consider. This international study by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) tested the psychometric properties of a newly developed measure for CLL patients: the EORTC QLQ-CLL17 to supplement the core questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30). Patients with CLL (n = 341) from 12 countries completed the QLQ-C30, QLQ-CLL17 and a debriefing questionnaire. Sociodemographic and clinical data were recorded from medical records. A high percentage (30%-66%) reported symptoms and/or worries (e.g. aches/pains in muscles, lack of energy and worry/fears about health). Confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable to good fit of the 17 items on the three scales (i.e. symptom burden, physical condition/fatigue and worries/fears about health and functioning). Completion took on average 8 min. Test-retest and convergent validity was demonstrated. The QLQ-CLL17 differentiated between patients with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology group (ECOG) performance of 0 versus 1-3 (p's < 0.01 and clinically relevant). The newly developed EORTC QLQ-CLL17 will increase sensitivity of HRQoL assessment in patients with CLL. Implementation of this questionnaire both in clinical research and practice will help to generate unique clinically relevant data to better inform CLL treatment decision-making.

Quality of life of survivors 1 year after the diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a LYSA study.

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a multidimensional concept including physical, emotional, social, and cognitive functions, disease symptoms, and side effects of treatment. Differences in HRQoL due to gender, existence of comorbidities, and number of chemotherapy cycles are little explored in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) survivors. Our objective was to investigate whether differences in HRQoL in function of these factors exist 1 year after the diagnosis of DLBCL. One hundred and one patients, enrolled in the RT3 (Real-Time Tailored Therapy) Study, answered self-administrated European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30), EORTC High-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL-HG29), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Post Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) questionnaires. Adjusted means of scores were calculated in multivariate linear regression models. Fifty-seven survivors (mean age of 58.5 years) answered all questionnaires. Women have significantly higher scores of posttraumatic growth and lower physical functioning than men (P < 0.04). Survivors with comorbidities have increased physical fatigue and symptom burden, increased emotional impact, mental fatigue and depression, and reduced physical functioning and global health status (all P < 0.05). A greater number of cycles of chemotherapy increase the level of symptoms (pain, neuropathy, and dyspnoea; P < 0.05). The various aspects related to HRQoL should be discussed with DLBCL patients and investigated, with the aim of developing strategies to ensure appropriate psychosocial and supportive care and to improve the HRQoL in these patients.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: MRI findings in HIV-infected patients are closer to rituximab- than natalizumab-associated PML.

OBJECTIVES: To compare brain MRI findings in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) associated to rituximab and natalizumab treatments and HIV infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective, multicentric study, we analyzed brain MRI exams from 72 patients diagnosed with definite PML: 32 after natalizumab treatment, 20 after rituximab treatment, and 20 HIV patients. We compared T2- or FLAIR-weighted images, diffusion-weighted images, T2*-weighted images, and contrast enhancement features, as well as lesion distribution, especially gray matter involvement. RESULTS: The three PML entities affect U-fibers associated with low signal intensities on T2*-weighted sequences. Natalizumab-associated PML showed a punctuate microcystic appearance in or in the vicinity of the main PML lesions, a potential involvement of the cortex, and contrast enhancement. HIV and rituximab-associated PML showed only mild contrast enhancement, punctuate appearance, and cortical involvement. The CD4/CD8 ratio showed a trend to be higher in the natalizumab group, possibly mirroring a more efficient immune response. CONCLUSION: Imaging features of rituximab-associated PML are different from those of natalizumab-associated PML and are closer to those observed in HIV-associated PML. KEY POINTS: • Nowadays, PML is emerging as a complication of new effective therapies based on monoclonal antibodies. • Natalizumab-associated PML shows more inflammatory signs, a perivascular distribution "the milky way," and more cortex involvement than rituximab- and HIV-associated PML. • MRI differences are probably related to higher levels of immunosuppression in HIV patients and those under rituximab therapy.

Prolonged in-hospital stay and higher mortality after Covid-19 among patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with B-cell depleting immunotherapy.

Prolonged Covid-19 is an emerging issue for patients with lymphoma or immune deficiency. We aimed to examine prolonged length of in-hospital stay (LOS) due to Covid-19 among patients with lymphoma and assess its determinants and outcomes. Adult patients with lymphoma admitted for Covid-19 to 16 French hospitals in March and April, 2020 were included. Length of in-hospital stay was analyzed as a competitor vs death. The study included 111 patients. The median age was 65 years (range, 19-92). Ninety-four patients (85%) had B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Within the 12 months prior to hospitalization for Covid-19, 79 patients (71%) were treated for their lymphoma. Among them, 63 (57%) received an anti-CD20 therapy. Fourteen patients (12%) had relapsed/refractory disease. The median LOS was 14 days (range, 1-235). After a median follow-up of 191 days (3-260), the 6-month overall survival was 69%. In multivariable analyses, recent administration of anti-CD20 therapy was associated with prolonged LOS (subdistribution hazard ratio 2.26, 95% confidence interval 1.42-3.6, p < 0.001) and higher risk of death (hazard ratio 2.17, 95% confidence interval 1.04-4.52, p = 0.039). An age ≥ 70 years and relapsed/refractory lymphoma were also associated with prolonged LOS and decreased overall survival. In conclusion, an age ≥ 70 years, a relapsed/refractory lymphoma and recent administration of anti-CD20 therapy are risk factors for prolonged LOS and death for lymphoma patients hospitalized for Covid-19. These findings may contribute to guide the management of lymphoma during the pandemic, support evaluating specific therapeutic approaches, and raise questions on the efficacy and timing of vaccination of this particular population.

Physician uncertainty aversion impacts medical decision making for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia: results of a national survey.

Elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia can be treated with intensive chemotherapy, low-intensity therapy such as low-dose aracytine or hypomethylating agents, or best supportive care. The choice between these treatments is a function of many patient-related and disease-related factors. We investigated how physicians' behavioral characteristics affect medical decision-making between intensive and non-intensive therapy in this setting. A nationwide cross-sectional online survey of hematologists collected data on medical decision-making for 6 clinical vignettes involving older acute myeloid leukemia patients that were representative of routine practice. Questionnaires elicited physicians' demographic and occupational characteristics along with their individual behavioral characteristics according to a decision theory framework. From the pattern of responses to the vignettes, a K-means clustering algorithm was used to distinguish those who were likely to prescribe more intensive therapy and those who were likely to prescribe less intensive or no therapy. Multivariate analyses were used to identify physician's characteristics predictive of medical decision-making. We obtained 230 assessable answers, which represented an adjusted response rate of 45.4%. A multivariate model (n=210) revealed that physicians averse to uncertainty recommend significantly more intensive chemotherapy: Odds Ratio (OR) [95% Confidence Interval (CI)]: 1.15 [1.01;1.30]; P=0.039. Male physicians who do not conform to the expected utility model (assumed as economically irrational) recommend more intensive chemotherapy [OR (95% CI) = 3.45 (1.34; 8.85); P=0.01]. Patient volume per physician also correlated with therapy intensity [OR (95% CI)=0.98 (0.96; 0.99); P=0.032]. The physicians' medical decision-making was not affected by their age, years of experience, or hospital facility. The significant association between medical decision and individual behavioral characteristics of the physician identifies a novel non-biological factor that may affect acute myeloid leukemia patients' outcomes and explain variations in clinical practice. It should also encourage the use of validated predictive models and the description of novel bio-markers to best select patients for intensive chemotherapy or low-intensity therapy.

Bendamustine-based conditioning prior to autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT): Results of a French multicenter study of 474 patients from LYmphoma Study Association (LYSA) centers.

Carmustine shortage has led to an increase use of alternative conditioning regimens prior to autologous stem cell transplantation for the treatment of lymphoma, including Bendamustine-based (BeEAM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of the BeEAM regimen in a large cohort of patients. A total of 474 patients with a median age of 56 years were analyzed. The majority of patients had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (43.5%). Bendamustine was administered at a median dose of 197 mg/m2 /day (50-250) on days-7 and -6. The observed grade 1-4 toxicities included mucositis (83.5%), gastroenteritis (53%), skin toxicity (34%), colitis (29%), liver toxicity (19%), pneumonitis (5%), and cardiac rhythm disorders (4%). Nonrelapse mortality (NRM) was reported in 3.3% of patients. Acute renal failure (ARF) was reported in 132 cases (27.9%) (G ≥2; 12.3%). Organ toxicities and death were more frequent in patients with post conditioning renal failure. In a multivariate analysis, pretransplant chronic renal failure, bendamustine dose >160 mg/m2 and age were independent prognostic factors for ARF. Pretransplant chronic renal failure, hyperhydration volume, duration of hyperhydration, and etoposide dose were predictive factors of NRM. A simple, four-point scoring system can stratify patients by levels of risk for ARF and may allow for a reduction in the bendamustine dose to avoid toxicity. Drugs shortage may have dangerous consequences. Prospective, comparative studies are needed to confirm the toxicity/efficacy extents from this conditioning regimen compared to other types of high dose therapy.

International development of four EORTC disease-specific quality of life questionnaires for patients with Hodgkin lymphoma, high- and low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

PURPOSE: This paper describes the international, cross-cultural development of four disease-specific EORTC QoL questionnaires, to supplement the EORTC QLQ-C30, for patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), high- or low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma (HG/LG-NHL), and CLL. METHODS: Questionnaire development was conducted according to guidelines from the EORTC Quality of Life Group. Phase I comprised generation of QoL issues relevant to patients. Phase II included operationalization and assessment of item relevance. In phase III, items were pretested in a cross-cultural sample. RESULTS: In Phase I, 75 issues were identified through focus groups and systematic literature searches. Interviews with 80 health-care professionals and 245 patients resulted in a provisional module of 38 items (phase II) representing items relevant for all or at least one of the four malignancies. In Phase III, this was tested in 337 patients from five European countries and resulted in a questionnaire with 27 items for HL (EORTC QLQ-HL27), 29 items for HG-NHL (EORTC QLQ-NHL-HG29), 20 items for LG-NHL (EORTC QLQ-NHL-LG20) and 17 items for CLL (EORTC QLQ-CLL17). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides four new EORTC modules for use in clinical research and routine practice in conjunction with the EORTC QLQ-C30 for assessing QoL in patients with lymphoma and CLL.

International validation of a health-related quality-of-life questionnaire for Hodgkin lymphoma: the EORTC QLQ-HL27.

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has become 1 of the most curable cancers. Therefore, rigorous assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and symptom burden of these patients is essential to support informed clinical decisions. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Group previously developed the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ) Hodgkin Lymphoma 27. This paper reports the final results of an international study by the EORTC group to develop a HRQoL disease-specific measure for these patients: the EORTC QLQ-HL27. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of HL (N = 381) were enrolled from 12 countries and completed the EORTC QLQ-C30, QLQ-HL27, and a debriefing questionnaire at baseline (any time after diagnosis). A subset completed a retest (n = 126) or responsiveness-to-change analyses (RCA) second measurement (n = 98). Psychometrics were evaluated. Confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable fit of the 27 items of the QLQ-HL27 on its 4 scales (symptom burden, physical condition/fatigue, emotional impact, and worries about health/functioning). Test-retest reliability, convergent validity, known-group comparisons, and RCA find satisfactory results. Symptom burden and fatigue was higher among patients on treatment (with 36%-83% reporting at least a few problems) compared with those who had completed treatment (19%-61% reporting at least a few problems). Prevalence of worries about health and functioning (reporting at least some worry) was similar for patients on treatment (51%-81%) vs those who had completed treatment (52%-78%). Implementation of the EORTC QLQ-HL27 in research and clinical applications will increase sensitivity of HRQoL assessment in patients with HL. High quality data generated through use of this questionnaire are expected to facilitate clinical decision making in the HL setting.

Long term follow up of 93 families with myeloproliferative neoplasms: life expectancy and implications of JAK2V617F in the occurrence of complications.

The long-term evolution of familial myeloproliferative neoplasms was studied in 93 families with 227 subjects including 97 with polycythemia vera (PV), 105 essential thrombocythemia (ET), 14 primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and 11 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In PV patients, with 12years of median follow-up, overall survival was 83% at 10years and 37% at 20years. A high JAK2(V617F) allele burden was correlated with the transformation to myelofibrosis (p<0.0001), but not with the transformation to acute leukemia. Among the 105 ET, with 8years of median follow-up, overall survival was 83% at 10years and 57% at 20years. Progression to acute leukemia and progression to myelofibrosis were 10% and 13%. There was a trend toward a more frequent evolution to myelofibrosis when the JAK2(V617F) mutated allele burden was >50% (p=0.09), but not to AML. Hematologic transformation of the MPN was responsible for 69% of the deaths, cerebral stroke for 7% and 4% died of myocardial infarction. Eleven JAK2(V617F) mutated patients developed 13 deep splanchnic thromboses in PV and ET. Finally whereas patients with familial PV and ET have a comparable prognosis to non-familial MPN, the JAK2(V617F) mutation was associated with a more frequent occurrence of thrombosis in the entire population.

Bendamustine-EAM versus R-BEAM after high-dose cytarabine-based induction in newly diagnosed patients with mantle cell lymphoma, a LYSA retrospective study.

Cytarabine-based immuno-chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) consolidation is standard of care for fit patients with Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL). BEAM (Carmustine, Etoposide, Aracytine, Melphalan) is among the most frequently used conditioning regimen. Studies comparing BEAM with Bendamustine-EAM (BeEAM) have suggested that patients treated with BeEAM have a better progression-free survival (PFS). We performed a cross-study analysis to better evaluate BeEAM. Thirty-five patients from a retrospective study who received R-DHAP/BeEAM were compared to 245 patients from the LyMa trial (NCT00921414) who all received R-DHAP followed by R-BEAM. PFS and Overall Survival (OS) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods. At 2 years there was no difference between R-BEAM and BeEAM in either PFS (84.9% versus 87.9%; p = 0.95) or OS (91.8% versus 94.2%; p = 0.30). Analyses were repeated on a propensity score to reduce biases. Each patient from the BeEAM cohort (n = 30) was matched to three patients from the R-BEAM cohort (n = 90) for age, sex, MIPI score, pre-transplant status disease and rituximab maintenance (RM). PFS and OS at 2 years remained similar between R-BEAM and BeEAM with more renal toxicity in BeEAM group. MCL patients who received R-DHAP induction before ASCT have similar outcome after R-BEAM or BeEAM conditioning regimen.

Characteristics and Outcome of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Cancer Patients.

BACKGROUND: Concerns have emerged about the higher risk of fatal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in cancer patients. In this article, we review the experience of a comprehensive cancer center. METHODS: A prospective registry was set up at Institut Curie at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. All cancer patients with suspected or proven COVID-19 were entered and actively followed for 28 days. RESULTS: Among 9842 patients treated at Institut Curie between March 13 and May 1, 2020, 141 (1.4%) were diagnosed with COVID-19, based on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing and/or computerized tomography scan. In line with our case mix, breast cancer (40.4%) was the most common tumor type, followed by hematological and lung malignancies. Patients with active cancer therapy or/and advanced cancer accounted for 87.9% and 68.9% of patients, respectively. At diagnosis, 78.7% of patients had COVID-19-related symptoms, with an extent of lung parenchyma involvement inferior to 50% in 95.8% of patients. Blood count variations and C-reactive protein elevation were the most common laboratory abnormalities. Antibiotics and antiviral agents were administered in 48.2% and 6.4% of patients, respectively. At the time of analysis, 26 patients (18.4%) have died from COVID-19, and 100 (70.9%) were cured. Independent prognostic factors at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis associated with death or intensive care unit admission were extent of COVID-19 pneumonia and decreased O2 saturation. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 incidence and presentation in cancer patients appear to be very similar to those in the general population. The outcome of COVID-19 is primarily driven by the initial severity of infection rather than patient or cancer characteristics.

Subcutaneous Rituximab-MiniCHOP Compared With Subcutaneous Rituximab-MiniCHOP Plus Lenalidomide in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma for Patients Age 80 Years or Older.

PURPOSE: The prognosis of elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is worse than that of young patients. An attenuated dose of chemotherapy-cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone plus rituximab (R-miniCHOP)-is a good compromise between efficacy and safety in very elderly patients. In combination with R-CHOP (R2-CHOP), lenalidomide has an acceptable level of toxicity and may mitigate the negative prognosis of the non-germinal center B-cell-like phenotype. The Lymphoma Study association conducted a multicentric, phase III, open-label, randomized trial to compare R-miniCHOP and R2-miniCHOP. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients of age 80 years or older with untreated DLBCL were randomly assigned into the R-miniCHOP21 group or the R2-miniCHOP21 group for six cycles and stratified according to CD10 expression and age. The first cycle of rituximab was delivered by IV on D1 after a prephase and then delivered subcutaneously on D1 of cycles 2-6. Lenalidomide was delivered at a dose of 10 mg once daily on D1-D14 of each cycle. The primary end point was overall survival (OS). RESULTS: A total of 249 patients with new DLBCL were randomly assigned (127 R-miniCHOP and 122 R2-miniCHOP). The median age was 83 years (range, 80-96), and 55% of the patients were classified as non-GCB. The delivered dose for each R-miniCHOP compound was similar in both arms. Over a median follow-up of 25.1 months, the intention-to-treat analysis revealed that R2-miniCHOP did not improve OS (2-year OS 66% in R-miniCHOP and 65.7% in R2-miniCHOP arm, P = .98) in the overall population or in the non-GCB population. Grade 3-4 adverse events occurred in 53% of patients with R-miniCHOP and in 81% of patients with R2-miniCHOP. CONCLUSION: The addition of lenalidomide to R-miniCHOP does not improve OS. Rituximab delivered subcutaneously was safe in this population.

Determinants of outcome in Covid-19 hospitalized patients with lymphoma: A retrospective multicentric cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Patients with lymphoma are immunocompromised because of the disease per se and its treatments. We aimed to describe the characteristics of patients with lymphoma hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) and to analyze pre-Covid-19 determinants of mortality. METHODS: This retrospective multicentric cohort study used the Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information database to identify all adult patients with lymphoma, hospitalized for Covid-19 in March and April 2020, in 12 hospitals of three French regions with pandemic outbreaks. The characteristics of lymphoma and Covid-19 were collected from medical charts. FINDINGS: Eighty-nine patients were included. The median age was 67 years (range, 19-92), 66% were male and 72% had a comorbidity. Most patients had B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (86%) and had received a lymphoma treatment within one year (70%). With a median follow-up of 33 days from admission, 30-day overall survival was 71%, (95% confidence interval, 62-81%). In multivariable analysis, having an age ≥ 70 years (hazard ratio 2·87, 1·20-6·85, p = 0·02) and relapsed/refractory lymphoma (hazard ratio 2·54, 1·14-5·66, p = 0·02) were associated with mortality. Recent bendamustine treatment (n = 9) was also pejorative (hazard ratio 3·20, 1·33-7·72, p = 0·01), but was strongly associated with relapsed/refractory lymphoma. Remarkably, 30-day overall survival for patients < 70 years of age without relapsed/refractory lymphoma was 88% (78% - 99%). INTERPRETATION: Thirty-day mortality was associated with being older and relapsed/refractory lymphoma. Survival of patients younger than 70 years without relapsed/refractory lymphoma was comparable to that of the general population. FUNDING: There have been no specific funds to run this study.

Bendamustine-EAM versus BEAM regimen in patients with mantle cell lymphoma undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation in the frontline setting: a multicenter retrospective study from Lymphoma Study Association (LYSA) centers.

The combination of carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan (BEAM) as conditioning regimen prior to autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) remains the standard of care for patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who are eligible for transplantation. The replacement of carmustine with bendamustine (BeEAM) was described as a promising alternative in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the BeEAM with the BEAM regimen in MCL patients in the frontline setting. Sixty and 108 patients were included in the BeEAM and the BEAM groups, respectively. At 3 years, progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly higher in the BeEAM than in the BEAM group (84% [73-96] vs. 63% [51-79], p = 0.03). The overall survival was not statistically different between the two groups (p = 0.2). In multivariable analysis, BeEAM regimen remained associated with higher PFS (HR = 0.377, 95% CI, 0.146-0.970; p = 0.043). Subgroup analyses in patients treated with prior rituximab-aracytine induction alone showed that BeEAM improved the PFS compared with BEAM regimen (p = 0.04). Despite the high rate of acute renal failure KDIGO III (32%), treatment-related mortality was not increased with the BeEAM regimen. A prospective randomized trial will be necessary to confirm the beneficial effect of the BeEAM regimen in MCL patients undergoing ASCT.

The CSF IL-10 concentration is an effective diagnostic marker in immunocompetent primary CNS lymphoma and a potential prognostic biomarker in treatment-responsive patients.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to confirm the diagnostic value and to evaluate the pre- and post-therapeutic prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6 in patients with diffuse large B-cell primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: IL-10 and IL-6 concentrations were measured in 79 patients with PCNSL at diagnosis and in 40 control individuals. Fifty-four PCNSL patients underwent repeat assessments starting at diagnosis. RESULTS: The IL-10 concentration distinguished PCNSL from other neurologic diseases with a sensitivity of 88.6% and a specificity of 88.9% with a cutoff of 4 pg/ml. In a multivariate analysis of PCNSL patients, CSF involvement was associated with a higher IL-10 concentration (mean log (IL-10) of 4.4 versus 2.5 pg/ml, respectively, p = 0.0004). The pre-therapeutic IL-10 concentration had no prognostic impact on outcome. The IL-10 concentration decreased after treatment for most patients tested. Among patients with complete remission or partial remission, as evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a persistent detectable IL-10 level in the CSF at the end of treatment was associated with a negative impact on progression-free survival (PFS) (1-year PFS: 15%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.5-38% versus 59%, 95% CI: 32-78%, respectively, p = 0.0004). CONCLUSION: Our study confirmed that IL-10 is a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of PCNSL. We highlight new findings showing that the IL-10 level in the CSF could be used as a surrogate marker for CSF involvement and that the post-treatment IL-10 concentration could complement standard MRI for therapeutic response assessment in PCNSL.

Bendamustine for the treatment of relapsed or refractory peripheral T cell lymphomas: A French retrospective multicenter study.

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a group of diseases with poor outcome and few therapeutic options. We aimed to assess the efficacy of bendamustine in real life cohort of patients.Between November 2009 and March 2015, 138 PTCL patients were treated with bendamustine in 27 centers. Population median age was 64 (28-89) years with male/female ratio of 1.4. There were mainly angio-immunoblastic (AITL = 71), PTCL-not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS = 40) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL = 8). The majority of patients (96%) had disseminated disease and extranodal localizations (77%). Median number of chemotherapy lines prior to bendamustine was 2 (1-8). Median duration of response (DoR) after the last chemotherapy prior to bendamustine was 4.3 months (1-70) and 50% of patients had refractory disease.Median number of administered bendamustine cycles was 2 (1-8) and 72 patients (52%) received less than 3 mostly because of disease progression. Median dose was 90 (50-150) mg/m². Overall response rate (ORR) was 32.6% with complete response (CR) rate of 24.6% and median DoR was 3.3 months (1-39). AITL patients were more sensitive than PTCL-NOS patients (ORR: 45.1 versus 20%, p = 0.01). Median PFS and OS were 3.1 (0.2-46.3) and 4.4 (0.2-55.4) months. On multivariate analysis, refractory disease (p = 0.001) and extranodal localization (p = 0.028) adversely influenced ORR. Grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and infections were reported in 22, 17 and 23% of cases respectively.Bendamustine as single agent could be considered as a therapeutic option for relapsed or refractory PTCL, particularly in chemosensitive or AITL patients. Combinations of bendamustine with other drugs warrant further evaluation.