Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of reporting of clinical adverse events scale (C-RoCAES).

BACKGROUND: Adverse event is a crucial issue affecting patient's safety of healthcare services. To assess nurses' attitude of reporting adverse events is important to establish a safe environment for patients. However, no relevant instrument has been validated and used in China. This study was to examine validity and reliability of Chinese version of Reporting of Clinical adverse Event Scale (C-RoCAES). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Chinese version of 25-item RoCAES was used in a sample of 1557 nurses. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were selected for construct validity test. Internal consistency was also examined. RESULTS: After CFA and EFA, two items were removed and two items loaded on different factors in our sample. Five factors were generated, including perceived blame, perceived criteria for identifying events that should be reported, perceptions of colleagues' expectations, perceived benefits of reporting and perceived clarity of reporting procedures. Cronbach's alpha for the total scale and subscales ranged from 0.70 to 0.85. CONCLUSION: C-RoCAES is applicable to healthcare services of China. The instrument provide information for the providers of healthcare services to develop staff education regarding patient safety, and also help them to evaluate strategies of preventing adverse events in clinical practice in China.

Responsibility and burden from the perspective of seniors' family caregivers: a qualitative study in Shanghai, China.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the experience of seniors' family caregivers with regarding the responsibility, burden and support needs during caregiving in Shanghai, China. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An exploratory, descriptive, qualitative design was used and a semi-structure interview was conducted. A convenience sample of 11 participants in two community service centers in Shanghai was recruited. Data saturation guided the size of the sample. The Colaizzi method of empirical phenomenology was used for interviewing and analyzing data obtained from 11 caregivers. RESULTS: Three major themes were found: It is a hard work; It is my responsibility; Social support is not enough. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study are practical and helpful for health care providers to develop appropriate caregiver support services, to balance the responsibility and burden of caregivers, and to consider the factors influencing the utility of support services.