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Although rare, Angiostrongylus costaricensis infection may be a more prevalent etiology of inflammatory bowel disease than ulcerative colitis and Chron's disease in endemic areas in Central and South America. The present study reviewed the occurrence of A. costaricensis in Brazil, its clinical presentation and pathology; and proposed diagnostic criteria and case definitions for abdominal angiostrongyliasis (AA). Southern and southeastern Brazilian regions are the main endemic areas, and AA affects both genders and all age groups. A review of all 23 published reports of 51 Brazilian patients highlighted the following features that were subsequently classified as minor diagnostic criteria: abdominal pain, palpable mass in the right lower abdominal quadrant, history of exposure, ileocecal tumor, and intestinal perforation with wall thickening. Proposed major criteria include right lower quadrant abdominal pain, blood eosinophilia, positive serology (antibody detection), intense eosinophilic infiltration that involves all strata of the intestinal wall, eosinophilic granulomatous reaction, and eosinophilic vasculitis. In addition to the definitions of suspected and possible cases according to increasing strength of evidence of this infection, demonstration of worms/eggs/larvae in tissues or Angiostrongylus DNA in tissues or serum are required for a confirmed diagnosis. The application of the proposed criteria and definitions may improve patient management, epidemiologic surveillance, and identification of new endemic areas.
Assuntos
Angiostrongylus , Infecções por Strongylida , Animais , Humanos , Dor Abdominal , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecções por Strongylida/diagnóstico , Infecções por Strongylida/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in older adults, having a significant global burden and increasing prevalence. Current treatments for AD only provide symptomatic relief and do not cure the disease. Physical activity has been extensively studied as a potential preventive measure against cognitive decline and AD. Recent research has identified a hormone called irisin, which is produced during exercise, that has shown promising effects on cognitive function. Irisin acts on the brain by promoting neuroprotection by enhancing the growth and survival of neurons. It also plays a role in metabolism, energy regulation, and glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, irisin has been found to modulate autophagy, which is a cellular process involved in the clearance of protein aggregates, which are a hallmark of AD. Additionally, irisin has been shown to protect against cell death, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, all of which are implicated in AD pathogenesis. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of irisin in AD. Despite the current gaps in knowledge, irisin holds promise as a potential therapeutic target for slowing cognitive decline and improving quality of life in AD patients.
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Doença de Alzheimer , Envelhecimento Saudável , Idoso , Humanos , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Fibronectinas/metabolismo , Neuroproteção , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
Solid-organ transplantation procedures have witnessed a surge in frequency. Consequently, increased attention to associated infections and their impact on graft success is warranted. The liver is the principal target for infection by the flatworm Schistosoma mansoni. Hence, rigorous screening protocols for this parasite should be implemented for liver transplantation donors and recipients. This study investigated the risks posed by schistosomiasis-infected liver tissues for successful liver transplantation (LT), considering donors and recipients, by analyzing reported cases. Among the 43 patients undergoing LT (donors = 19; recipients = 24), 32 were infected with S. mansoni, five were infected with other Schistosoma species, and no identification was made in four patients. Reported follow-up periods ranged from 1 to 132 months, and all patients achieved successful recovery. As these helminths do not replicate in their vertebrate hosts, immunosuppressive treatment is not expected to promote increased morbidity or reactivation. Moreover, suspected or confirmed schistosomiasis infections often have a benign course, and generally, should not prevent LT. The available literature was reviewed and a provisional screening protocol has been proposed.
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Transplante de Fígado , Esquistossomose mansoni , Transplante de Fígado/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Animais , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem , Rejeição de Enxerto , Doadores de Tecidos , Schistosoma mansoni/isolamento & purificação , Idoso , Adolescente , Hepatopatias ParasitáriasRESUMO
Eight outbreaks of acute and subacute fasciolosis are reported in sheep in the municipality of Santa Vitória do Palmar, southern Brazil, in areas used for irrigated rice cultivation, which are subject to frequent flooding. Two outbreaks occurred mid-winter during July and August, and six occurred during spring and early summer. Morbidity ranged from 3 to 66.7 %, and mortality ranged from 3 to 50 %. Clinical signs included weight loss, mucosal pallor, apathy, depression, muscle tremors, and drooling; these were followed by death within approximately 24 h. Some sheep were found dead. Gross lesions were characterized by an irregular liver capsule with fibrin deposition and hemorrhages. The liver parenchyma contained hemorrhagic tracts or irregular clear areas alternated with dark hemorrhagic areas. Histologically, hemorrhagic dark red tracts of necrotic liver parenchyma and an inflammatory infiltrate were noted; these lesions coincided with the presence of immature flukes. Langhans-type giant cells, fibrous tissue, and bile duct cell proliferation were observed in subacute cases. Chronic fasciolosis is a well-known disease to farmers in southern Brazil; nevertheless, acute and subacute fasciolosis, which are more difficult to diagnose and treat, may cause important economic losses. Efficient control of fasciolosis requires integration of measures to treat infections in the definitive host, to reduce the population of snails of the genus Lymnaea, and to avoid contact between the parasite and host by appropriate pasture management.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Fasciolíase/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/parasitologia , Irrigação Agrícola , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/métodos , Fasciola hepatica/isolamento & purificação , Fasciolíase/epidemiologia , Fasciolíase/parasitologia , Fasciolíase/patologia , Histocitoquímica , Fígado/patologia , Oryza/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/mortalidade , Doenças dos Ovinos/patologia , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
The Anoplocephalidae family comprises a group of parasites that affect reptiles, birds, and mammals. Humans can be accidentally infected by ingesting contaminated mites. We present a case of human bertiellosis in Brazil. Our report reinforces the importance of correctly identifying the parasite to provide adequate treatment.
Assuntos
Cestoides , Ácaros , Animais , Humanos , Brasil , Mamíferos , AvesRESUMO
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in the elderly. Several hypotheses emerged from AD pathophysiological mechanisms. However, no neuronal protective or regenerative drug is available nowadays. Researchers still work in drug development and are finding new molecular targets to treat AD. Therefore, this study aimed to summarize main advances in AD pharmacological therapy. Clinical trials registered in the National Library of Medicine database were selected and analyzed accordingly to molecular targets, therapeutic effects, and safety profile. The most common outcome was the lack of efficacy. Only seven trials concluded that tested drugs were safe and induced any kind of therapeutic improvement. Three works showed therapeutic effects followed by toxicity. In addition to aducanumab recent FDA approval, antibodies against amyloid-ß (Aß) showed no noteworthy results. 5-HT6 antagonists, tau inhibitors and nicotinic agonists' data were discouraging. However, anti-Aß vaccine, BACE inhibitor and anti-neuroinflammation drugs showed promising results.
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Stress is an important factor in the development of several human pathologies. The response of rodents and humans to stress depends on many factors; some people and rodents develop stress-related mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety in humans, depression-like and anxiety-like behavior in mice and rats, while others report no new psychological symptoms in response to chronic or acute stress, and are considered susceptible and resilient to stress, respectively. Resilience is defined as the ability to thrive in the face of adversity and is a learned process that can help protect against occupational stressors and mental illnesses. There is growing interest in the underlying mechanisms involved in resilience and vulnerability to depression caused by stress, and some studies have demonstrated that individual variability in the way animals and humans respond to stress depends on several mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, neuronal plasticity, immunology and genetic factors, among others not discussed in this review, this review provides a general overview about this mechanism.
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Five years after the identification of Zika virus as a human teratogen, we reviewed the early clinical manifestations, collectively called congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Children with CZS have a very poor prognosis with extremely low performance in motor, cognitive, and language development domains, and practically all feature severe forms of cerebral palsy. However, these manifestations are the tip of the iceberg, with some children presenting milder forms of deficits. Additionally, neurodevelopment can be in the normal range in the majority of the non-microcephalic children born without brain or eye abnormalities. Vertical transmission and the resulting disruption in development of the brain are much less frequent when maternal infection occurs in the second half of the pregnancy. Experimental studies have alerted to the possibility of other behavioral outcomes both in prenatally infected children and in postnatal and adult infections. Cofactors play a vital role in the development of CZS and involve genetic, environmental, nutritional, and social determinants leading to the asymmetric distribution of cases. Some of these social variables also limit access to multidisciplinary professional treatment.
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In a litter of three puppies, one was stillborn and had facial and brain defects. Fusion of the maxilla and mandible and absence of the face were observed. The forebrain (telencephalon and the diencephalon) was reduced in size and fused, and the telencephalic longitudinal fissure, olfactory bulbs, and optic nerves were absent (Figures 6 and 7). Lissencephaly was observed in the telencephalon and cerebellum. A diagnosis of aprosopia/holoprosencephaly was made.
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Introduction: Melanomas are malignant neoplasms that occur in various anatomical sites, including the eye. Ocular melanomas account for 5% of all melanomas and are mainly described in Caucasian and older individuals. This study describes the clinical and pathological characteristics of uveal (choroid) melanoma in a Caucasian patient. Case report: A 41-year-old Caucasian female patient, brown eyes, without history of ophthalmological diseases or family history of cancer experienced pain and loss of visual acuity in the left eye. On clinical examination, an increase of ocular pressure was detected. Ultrasound showed a mushroom-like neoformation. Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass with spontaneous hypersignal on T1-weighted images, intense gadolinium enhancement, and marked hyposignal on T2-weighted images. The patient was referred to the Oncology Ophthalmology department for enucleation due to suspected uveal melanoma. Anatomopathological analysis revealed a blackened mass in the eyeball. Histologically, the mass comprised spindle cells (50%) and epithelioid cells (50%). A diagnosis of choroidal melanoma was established based on the identification of ophthalmoscopic, imaging, and histological characteristics of the tumor. Conclusion: Choroidal melanomas usually occur in males, clear-eyed, and older individuals. A wide variety of ocular lesions may mimic choroidal melanoma, which should be included in the differential diagnosis of choroidal nevus and peripheral hemorrhages
Introdução: Melanomas são neoplasias malignas que ocorrem em vários sítios anatômicos, incluindo o olho. Os melanomas oculares correspondem a 5% de todos os melanomas e são descritos principalmente em indivíduos caucasianos e idosos. Este estudo descreve as características clinicopatológicas de um caso de melanoma uveal (coroide) em um paciente caucasiano. Relato do caso: Paciente, sexo feminino, 41 anos, caucasiana, olhos castanhos, sem antecedentes de doenças oftalmológicas e sem história familiar de câncer, com queixa de dor e perda da acuidade visual no olho esquerdo. No exame clínico, observou-se aumento da pressão ocular. O ultrassom revelou neoformação com aspecto de cogumelo, e a ressonância magnética, massa com hipersinal espontâneo em T1, intenso realce pelo gadolínio e marcado hipossinal em T2. A paciente foi encaminhada para cirurgia de enucleação em razão da suspeita de melanoma uveal. Foi realizada análise anatomopatológica que evidenciou massa enegrecida no interior do globo ocular. Histologicamente, a massa era constituída por 50% de células fusiformes e 50% de células epitelioides. O diagnóstico de melanoma de coroide baseou-se nas características oftalmoscópicas, imaginológicas e histológicas do tumor. Conclusão: Melanomas de coroide geralmente ocorrem em pacientes do sexo masculino, de olhos claros e idosos. Alerta-se que uma grande variedade de lesões oculares pode se assemelhar ao melanoma de coroide e este deve ser considerado no diagnóstico diferencial de nevo de coroide e hemorragias periféricas
Introducción: Los melanomas son neoplasias malignas que se presentan en varios sitios anatómicos, incluido el ojo. Los melanomas oculares representan el 5% de todos los melanomas y se describen principalmente en individuos caucásicos y de mayor edad. Este estudio describe las características clínicas y patológicas del melanoma uveal (coroides) en un paciente caucásico. Informe del caso: Paciente femenino de 41 años, caucásica, ojos marrones, sin antecedentes de enfermedades oftalmológicas y sin antecedentes familiares de cáncer, que consulta por dolor y pérdida de agudeza visual en el ojo izquierdo. En el examen clínico se observó aumento de la presión ocular. La ecografía mostró una neoformación con aspecto de hongo y la resonancia magnética mostró una masa con hiperseñal espontánea en T1, realce intenso de gadolinio y marcada hiposeñal en T2. La paciente fue remitida para cirugía de enucleación por sospecha de melanoma uveal. Se realizó análisis anatomopatológico, el cual mostró una masa ennegrecida en el interior del globo ocular. Histológicamente, la masa constaba de un 50 % de células fusiformes y un 50 % de células epitelioides. El diagnóstico de melanoma de coroides se basó en las características oftalmoscópicas, imagenológicas e histológicas del tumor. Conclusión: Los melanomas coroideos generalmente ocurren en pacientes masculinos, de ojos claros y de edad avanzada. Se advierte que una amplia variedad de lesiones oculares puede asemejarse al melanoma coroideo, y esto debe incluirse en el diagnóstico diferencial de nevus coroideo y hemorragias periféricas
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Enucleação Ocular , Neoplasias da Coroide , Dor Ocular , MelanomaRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Pancreatic cysts are rare in both humans and animals. They are defined as an enclosed structure externally surrounded by a capsule, internally coated with a cuboidal epithelium and filled with liquid or semi-solid content. This case described the clinical and pathological characteristics of a pancreatic cyst in a feline. A mixed breed cat with a history of recurrent vomiting was attended. Physical examination revealed pain on abdominal palpation. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a cystic, anechoic structure with well-defined edges located in the left cranial abdomen and in close contact with the duodenum and pancreas. Partial pancreatectomy was performed. Microscopically, the structure was surrounded by fibrous material, coated with cuboidal to columnar epithelium, and containing eosinophilic material. Although, pancreatic cyst is rare in animals, they should be included in the differential diagnosis of causes of vomiting in young cats.
RESUMO: Os cistos epiteliais pancreáticos são raros em humanos e animais, e são definidos como estruturas encapsuladas rodeadas por epitélio cuboidal, preenchido por substância líquida. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever as características clínico-patológicas de um cisto pancreático verdadeiro em um felino. Foi atendido uma gata sem raça definida com histórico de vômitos recorrentes. No exame físico o animal apresentou dor à palpação abdominal. Na ultrassonografia abdominal, evidenciou-se a presença de uma estrutura cística, anecóica e com bordos bem definidos localizado no abdome cranial esquerdo, em contato com o duodeno e o pâncreas. Foi realizada pancreatectomia parcial. No exame microscópico observou-se estrutura encapsulada, circundado por material fibroso, revestido por epitélio cuboidal a colunar, contendo material eosinofílico. Embora os cistos pancreáticos verdadeiros sejam raros nos animais, eles devem ser incluídos no diagnóstico diferencial de doenças que cursam com vômitos nos gatos.
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ABSTRACT: Myelolipoma is a benign neoplasm composed of mature adipocytes and hematopoietic elements. This tumor is rare in dogs and cats and can develop in several organs and tissues. This report describes a case of splenic myelolipoma in a dog characterizing its clinical-pathological and ultrasonography aspects. A 9-year-old, female, mixed-breed, castrated dog was referred to the veterinary hospital with increased abdominal circumference. Ultrasonography revealed splenomegaly with masses of not measurable dimensions along the entire length of the parenchyma. The spleen was removed, and a fragment was sent for histopathological analysis. Macroscopically, the spleen was enlarged, with irregularly nodular growths that project above the surface of the organ. Nodules were red with small yellow areas. Microscopically, the spleen was effaced by a well-demarcated and not encapsulated mass composed of histologically well-differentiated neoplastic adipose tissue with islands and nests of varying proportions of hematopoietic elements. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of myelolipoma. Myelolipomas are observed on ultrasound images as hyperechoic masses or nodules with homogeneous echo texture. Here, ultrasound appearance involved mixed echogenicity and heterogeneous echotexture, due to the mixture of fat and non-fatty material components of the tumor.
RESUMO: Mielolipoma é uma neoplasia composta por adipócitos maduros e elementos hematopoiéticos. Este tumor é raro em cães e gatos e pode se desenvolver em diversos órgãos e tecidos. Descreve-se um caso de mielolipoma esplênico em um cão caracterizando seu aspecto clínico-patológico e ultrassonográfico. Um canino, fêmea, castrada, SRD, de 9 anos de idade foi encaminhada para o Hospital Veterinário com um aumento na circunferência abdominal. A ultrassonografia abdominal revelou esplenomegalia com massas de dimensões imensuráveis em toda a extensão do parênquima. Foi realizada esplenectomia total e um fragmento do baço foi encaminhado para análise histopatológica. Macroscopicamente o baço estava aumentado de tamanho, com crescimentos nodulares irregulares que se projetam acima da superfície do órgão. Os nódulos eram vermelhos com pequenas áreas amarelas. Microscopicamente foi observada uma massa bem demarcada e encapsulada composta por tecido adiposo neoplásico bem diferenciado, com ilhas e ninhos de elementos hematopoiéticos de proporção variada. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pelo exame histopatológico. Mielolipomas são observados nas imagens ultrassonográficas como massas hiperecóicas ou nódulos com ecotextura homogênea. Neste caso, o achado ultrassonográfico mostrou ecogenicidade mista e ecotextura heterogênea, provavelmente devido à mistura dos componentes do tumor com material gorduroso e não gorduroso.
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Clostridial diseases are important causes of livestock losses in the southern Rio Grande do Sul. Since 1978 annual surveys conducted at the "Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico" of the "Universidade Federal de Pelotas" (LRD-UFPel) have shown that clostridial diseases represent 10.40% of the bacterial diseases diagnosed in cattle and 1.65% of all diseases diagnosis in cattle over a 40-year period. The purpose of this study is to review the clinical, epidemiological and pathological aspects of the clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from January 1978 to December 2018 at the LRD-UFPel in the hopes that it will constitute a useful guide for field veterinary practitioners and interested farmers. We assessed and review the necropsy protocols of 6,736 cattle; these necropsies were performed either by LRD-UFPel faculty or by field veterinary practitioners; 111 outbreaks (1.65%) were diagnosed as clostridial disease, distributed as follows: 35 outbreaks of tetanus, 34 of blackleg, 23 of bacillary hemoglobinuria, 11 of malignant edema (gas gangrene), and eight of botulism. Approximately 904, from a total of 42,480 cattle at risk, died in these outbreaks.(AU)
Clostridioses são doenças produzidas por alguma das espécies do gênero Clostridium e são importantes causas de perdas pecuárias no sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisas anuais realizadas no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD-UFPel) desde 1978 demonstraram que as clostridioses representaram 11,1% das doenças bacterianas diagnosticadas em bovinos e 1,65% de todos os diagnósticos de doenças em bovinos ao longo de 40 anos. O objetivo deste estudo é revisar os aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e patológicos das clostridioses diagnosticadas de janeiro de 1978 a dezembro de 2018, pelo LRD/UFPel com a intenção de que esse trabalho possa servir de guia útil para os veterinários de campo e fazendeiros interessados. Foram avaliados e revisados os protocolos de necropsia de 6.736 bovinos; essas necropsias foram realizadas pelo pessoal do LRD/UFPel ou por veterinários de campo. Cento e quatro (1,16%) casos foram diagnosticados como clostridioses, distribuídos da seguinte forma: 35 surtos de tétano, 34 de carbúnculo sintomático, 23 de hemoglobinúria bacilar, 11 de edema maligno (gangrena gasosa) e oito de botulismo. Aproximadamente 904, de um total de 42.480 bovinos sob-risco, morreram nesses surtos.(AU)
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Animais , Bovinos , Botulismo/veterinária , Carbúnculo/veterinária , Clostridium/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Clostridium/veterinária , Infecções por Clostridium/epidemiologia , Gangrena Gasosa/veterinária , Hemoglobinúria/veterinária , Brasil/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Some plant species within the Convolvulaceae (morning glory family) from South America, Africa, and Australia cause a neurologic disease in grazing livestock caused by swainsonine. These convolvulaceous species including Ipomoea carnea contain the indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine, an inhibitor of α-mannosidase and mannosidase II, and polyhydroxy nortropane alkaloids, the calystegines which are glycosidase inhibitors. Swainsonine has been shown to be produced by a fungal endosymbiont in legumes of the Astragalus and Oxytropis genera, where it causes a similar neurologic disease in grazing livestock called locoism. Here we demonstrate that I. carnea plants are infected with a fungal endosymbiont that was cultured from its seeds and which produced swainsonine in pure culture but not the calystegines. The same fungal endosymbiont was detected by PCR and by culturing in I. carnea plants containing swainsonine. The fungal endosymbiont belongs to the Ascomycete order Chaetothyriales. Plants derived from fungicide-treated seeds lacked swainsonine, but calystegine concentrations were unaltered.
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Ascomicetos/metabolismo , Ipomoea/microbiologia , Swainsonina/metabolismo , Fungicidas Industriais/administração & dosagem , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Folhas de Planta/microbiologia , Folhas de Planta/ultraestrutura , Sementes/microbiologia , SimbioseRESUMO
Com o objetivo de testar diferentes formas de controle de Senecio madagascariensis foram realizados três experimentos. No primeiro, 40 ovinos foram colocados em uma área de quatro hectares por 90 dias, com infestação média e alta por S. madagascariensis. A área após este período foi dessecada com glifosato (Roundup®) e semeada com Lotus corniculatus L. (cornichão), Trifolium repens (trevo branco), Medicago sativa (alfafa) e Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (festuca) por plantio direto. Os ovinos, após oito meses, retornaram a área por mais 90 dias. O segundo experimento foi realizado com 10 ovinos em pastejo por 30 dias com 60 dias de descanso em três áreas de 0,5 hectares cada uma, com infestação baixa, média e alta por S. madagascariensis. O terceiro experimento foi realizado utilizando-se dessecação, aração e plantio de pastagens (leguminosas e gramíneas) por três vezes consecutivas, sem utilização de ovinos em uma área invadida pela planta. Para o controle de S. brasiliensis e outras espécies do gênero, um quarto experimento foi realizado em uma propriedade rural com histórico de intoxicação por Senecio spp. em bovinos. Foram utilizados 86 ovinos, que permaneceram em uma área de 90 hectares durante um ano. Os resultados destes experimentos demonstraram que os ovinos consomem S. madagascariensis e diminuem a quantidade de planta em áreas infestadas. Por outro lado, evidenciou-se também que S. madagascariensis para ser controlado de forma eficiente necessita de pastejo contínuo com pelo menos quatro ovinos por ha. As práticas como dessecação com herbicidas, aração e plantio de pastagem podem auxiliar na eliminação da planta a longo prazo. Em áreas de infestação por S. brasiliensis a roçagem pode ser uma prática eficiente, principalmente pelo porte alto da planta, pois facilita o consumo pelos ovinos.(AU)
In order to test different technics to control Senecio madagascariensis, three experiments were carried out. In the first, 40 sheep were placed in an area of four hectares for 90 days, with medium/high levels of infestation by the plant. The area after this period was desiccated with glyphosate (Roundup®) and seeded with Lotus corniculatus L., Trifolium repens, Medicago sativa and Festuca arundinacea Schreb. by direct seeding. After eight months, sheep returned to the area for another 90 days. The second experiment was conducted with 10 sheep grazing for 30 days and 60 days' rest, in three areas of 0.5 hectares each, with low, medium and high levels of S. madagascariensis infestation. The third experiment was carried out using drying, plowing and cultivated pasture (legumes and grasses) for three consecutive times without the use of sheep in an area infested by the plant. For the control of S. brasiliensis and other species of the genus, a fourth experiment was performed on a farm with history of intoxication by Senecio spp. in cattle. Eighty-six sheep were used in an area of 90 hectares for a year. The results of these experiments demonstrated that sheep consume and decrease the amount of S. madagascariensis in infested areas. Furthermore, it also indicated that S. madagascariensis to be efficiently controlled requires continuous grazing with at least four sheep per hectare. Practices as drying the pastures with herbicides, tillage and pasture planting can help eliminate the plant in long-term plan. In areas with S. brasiliensis infestation mowing can be an effective practice, mainly due to the high size of the plant, since it facilitates consumption by sheep.(AU)
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Animais , Intoxicação por Plantas/veterinária , Plantas Tóxicas/intoxicação , Senécio/toxicidade , Ovinos , Pastagens , Asteraceae/toxicidadeRESUMO
Descrevem-se os aspectos epidemiológicos das doenças causadas por fungos e oomicetos na população de equinos na região sudeste do Rio Grande do Sul, estabelecendo as taxas epidemiológicas, suas causas e sua importância sanitária na região. Foi realizada a epidemiologia descritiva por meio do cálculo da incidência das doenças encontradas ao longo dos anos e verificada a existência de associação entre a ocorrência dessas enfermidades e o sexo, a raça e a estação do ano. Entre os anos de 1978 e 2014 a pitiose teve prevalência de 49,71% (86/173), as micotoxicoses 30,05% (52/173), sendo 45 casos de leucoencefalomalácia e sete de ergotismo. As micoses tiveram prevalência de 19,65% (34/173), sendo as dermatofitoses as mais prevalentes com 58,82% (20/34) dos casos. As espécies de dermatófitos mais frequentemente isoladas foram Trichophyton mentagrophytes 60% (12/20), Trichophyton equinum 25% (5/20) e Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis e Trichophyton verrucosum ambos responsáveis por 5% (1/20) das infecções. Rinosporidiose foi diagnosticada em 35,29% (12/34) dos casos. Micoses uterinas causadas por Candida albicans e Cryptococcus laurentii foram observadas em 5,88% (2/34) dos casos. Alergia por Cladosporium sp. teve um registro. De acordo com as incidências calculadas entre 1990 e 2014 a pitiose teve incidência mediana (IM) 2,98 e distância interquartil (DI) =3,82, as fêmeas tiveram chance 4,18 vezes maiores de desenvolver a doença, a enfermidade ocorre independente das estações climáticas. A leucoencefalomalácia teve IM=0,0; DI 1,00 e equinos machos tiveram 3,4 vezes mais chance de desenvolver a doença que fêmeas, no inverno a possibilidade de ocorrência dessa enfermidade foi seis vezes maior. O ergotismo teve IM = 0,00; DI = 0,000, rinosporidiose IM=0,00; DI=0,088 e dermatofitose IM=0,00; DI=0,935. A pitiose foi mais prevalente entre as doenças encontradas, podendo ser considerada endêmica na região. Considera-se que a magnitude das doenças possa ser ainda maior dentro do rebanho equino, uma vez que as doenças descritas não são de notificação obrigatória e algumas são bem conhecidas por veterinários e proprietários, que muitas vezes não fazem a confirmação laboratorial do diagnóstico.(AU)
The epidemiological aspects of diseases caused by fungi and oomycetes in horses in southeastern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, is described. The epidemiological rates, their causes, and health importance in the region were established. A descriptive epidemiology study was carried out in relation of potential risk factors. The impact on these diseases in the region was measured. From 1978 to 2014, pythiosis had a prevalence of 49.71% (86/173), and mycotoxicoses of 30.05% (52/173), with 45 cases of leukoencephalomalacia and 7 of ergotism. The prevalence of fungal infections was 19.65% (34/173) of cases. Dermatophytosis was the most prevalent fungal infection with 58.82% (20/34) of cases. The most isolated dermatophyte species were Trichophyton mentagrophytes 60% (12/20), Trichophyton equinum 25% (5/20) and Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, and Trichophyton verrucosum, both responsible for 5% (1/20) of infections. Rhinosporidose was diagnosed in 35.29% (12/34) of cases. Uterine mycosis caused by Candida albicans and Cryptococcus laurentii was observed at 5.88% (2/34) of cases. Cladosporium sp. allergy was noted in one record. According to the incidence from 1990 to 2014, pythiosis had median incidence (MI) of 2.98 and interquartile range (DI) of 3.82. Mares were 4.18 times likely to develop the disease then males. The disease occurs in the region in every season. Leukoencephalomalacia had MI of 0.0; DI 1.00 and male horses were 3.4 times more likely than mares to develop the disease. Leukoencephalomalacia was 6 times more likely to occur during winter. Ergotism had MI of 0.00; DI of 0.000, rhinosporidiosis MI of 0.00, DI of 0.088 and ringworm MI of 0.00, and DI of 0.935. In the study pythiosis had the highest prevalence among the diseases observed, and may be considered endemic in the region. The magnitude of the diseases observed may be even greater within the equine herd, since these diseases are not of obligatory notification and some are well known by veterinarians and owners, who often do not obtain a laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Micotoxicose/epidemiologia , Pitiose/epidemiologia , Cavalos/microbiologia , Micoses/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Babesiose cerebral é uma enfermidade causada pelo protozoário Babesia bovis. O agente faz parte do complexo Tristeza Parasitária Bovina, uma das mais importantes doenças parasitárias em bovinos. O presente estudo relata um surto causado por B. bovis em vinte bezerros de aproximadamente 7 a 25 dias de idade. O surto ocorreu entre março e junho de 2015, na região sul do Brasil, área de instabilidade enzoótica para a Tristeza Parasitária Bovina. O diagnóstico foi realizado pela epidemiologia, lesões macroscópicas e pela presença de numerosas formas parasitárias de Babesia bovis em capilares encefálicos, observados em imprints corados por Giemsa. Surtos de babesiose por B. bovis cerebral nos primeiros dias de vida de bezerros é incomum, porém não pode ser desconsiderada em surtos com alta letalidade em áreas de instabilidade enzoótica.(AU)
Cerebral babesiosis is a protozoan disease caused by Babesia bovis. This parasite belongs to the bovine parasitic complex of tick-borne diseases that affect livestock worldwide. The present study reports an outbreak caused by B. bovis affected twenty 7-25 day-old calves. Outbreak occurred from May to July 2015 in the south of Brazil, where there is an area of enzootic instability for cattle tick fever. The macroscopic lesions were anemia, hemoglobinuria, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, yellow liver and cherry-pink discoloration of cerebral and cerebellar cortex. The diagnosis was based on epidemiology, necropsy and microscopic findings in the brain that showed B. bovis in the capillary vessels of the brain in imprints stained by Giemsa. Cases of cerebral babesiosis by Babesia bovis in such young calves are uncommon but should be considered as a diagnosis possibility when there is high mortality rate in areas ofen zootic instability.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Babesiose/classificação , Babesiose/diagnóstico , Bovinos/parasitologia , Babesia bovis/classificaçãoRESUMO
Foi realizado um levantamento das doenças parasitárias de bovinos e ovinos diagnosticadas na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul, de janeiro de 1978 a dezembro de 2014 no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Em bovinos 10,1% de todos os diagnosticos tratavam-se de parasitoses, das quais a mais frequente foi a tristeza parasitária bovina, com 55,1% dos surtos. As parasitoses gastrintestinais mistas foram diagnosticadas em 22,35% dos casos, a hemoncose em 4,36%, a dictiocaulose em 3,52%, a fasciolose em 2,68% e a eimeriose em 1,84%. Em ovinos 33,6% dos diagnósticos realizados eram parasitoses, sendo as mais frequentes as parasitoses gastrintestinais mistas (42,7%), a hemoncose (35,4%), a coenurose (9,1%) e a fasciolose (4,4%). Estima-se que as perdas somente por mortalidade, decorrentes de doenças parasitárias em bovinos somam aproximadamente R$16.968.000/ano. Na espécie ovina as perdas econômicas causadas por mortalidade de origem parasitária são de aproximadamente R$2.016.000/ano na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Foi possível concluir que, em bovinos, na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul, os agentes da TPB são os principais causadores de perdas econômicas, seguidos pelas parasitoses mistas. Em ovinos a parasitose gastrintestinal mista e a hemoncose, juntas, representam mais de 70% dos diagnósticos realizados.(AU)
A survey of parasitic diseases of cattle and sheep diagnosed in Southern Brazil, from January 1978 to December 2014, was conducted in the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, of Universidade Federal de Pelotas. In cattle 10.1% of all cases diagnosed were parasitic diseases, of which the most common was tick fever with 55.1% of cases. Mixed gastrintestinal parasitosis was diagnosed in 22.35% of cases, hemonchosis in 4.36%, dyctiocaulosis in 3.52%, fluke infection in 2.68%, and eimeriosis in 1.84% of the cases. In sheep 33.6% of the diagnoses was parasitosis. In sheep mixed gastrintestinal parasitosis was the most frequent with 42.7% of the cases, hemonchosis was observed in 35.4%, coenurosis in 9.1% and fluke infection in 4.4% of the cases. It is estimated that losses through mortality resulting from parasitic diseases in cattle is approximately R$16.968.000/year. In sheep the economic losses through mortality caused by parasites is about R$2.016.000/year. The results of this survey realize the importance of parasitic diseases in ruminants in Southern Brazil, based on data from more than three decades of diagnostic. It was concluded that, in cattle in southern Rio Grande do Sul, the TPB agents are the main cause of economic losses, followed by mixed parasitic infections. In sheep mixed gastrointestinal parasitosis and hemoncose together represent more than 70% of the diagnoses performed.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/economia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Ovinos/parasitologia , Gastroenteropatias/parasitologia , Brasil/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Descrevem-se os aspectos clínico patológicos de quatro casos de tuberculose em felinos domésticos no Sul do Rio Grande do sul. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo dos casos diagnosticados como tuberculose em gatos necropsiados no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD/UFPel) no período de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2014. Em dois casos a amplificação da sequência genética IS6110 específica para Mycobacterium tuberculosis demonstrou que a doença era de origem humana. Os outros dois foram positivos para Mycobacterium spp. Os sinais clínicos caracterizaram-se por emagrecimento progressivo, anorexia e dispneia. As alterações macroscópicas evidenciadas eram de caquexia, aumento de volume dos linfonodos submandibulares com áreas focais de aspecto caseoso ao corte. Nos pulmões havia áreas multifocais a coalescentes amareladas de aspecto caseoso, discretamente elevadas e firmes na superfície pleural. Histologicamente havia broncopneumonia e linfadenite granulomatosas. A coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen evidenciou a presença de bacilos álcool-ácidos resistentes. Houve imunomarcação positiva para micobactéria pela técnica de imuno-histoquímica. Alerta-se para a importância da tuberculose felina como um problema de saúde pública pois gatos infectados podem servir de fonte para a disseminação das micobactérias no ambiente, além de serem sentinelas para a ocorrência da enfermidade em seres humanos.(AU)
Clinical pathological aspects of four cases of tuberculosis in domestic cats in southern Rio Grande do Sul is described. A retrospective study was conducted of cats diagnosed with tuberculosis and necropsied at the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory of the Federal University of Pelotas (LRD/UFPel) from January 2000 to December 2014. In two cases, the amplification of genetic sequence IS6110 specific to Mycobacterium tuberculosis demonstrated that the disease was of human origin. The other two were positive for Mycobacterium spp. The clinical signs were characterized by progressive weight loss, anorexia, and dyspnea. The evident macroscopic changes were cachexia, swelling of submandibular lymph nodes with focal areas of caseous aspect on cut surface. The lungs had multifocal caseous areas at the pleural surface. Histologically, the cats had pneumonia and granulomatous lymphadenitis. The Ziehl-Neelsen staining revealed the presence of alcohol-acid resistant bacteria. There was a positive immunostaining for mycobacteria by immunohistochemistry technique. We alert to the importance of feline tuberculosis as a public health problem, because infected cats may serve as source for dissemination of mycobacteria in the environment, and be sentinels for the occurrence of the disease in humans.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Tuberculose Pulmonar/veterinária , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , ZoonosesRESUMO
Niedenzuella stannea é uma planta que contém monofluoracetato de sódio e é incriminada como causa de morte súbita em bovinos na Região Sul do Estado de Mato Grosso. Este estudo descreve a toxidez e achados clínicos e patológicos da intoxicação experimental por N. stannea em ovinos. Foram utilizados no experimento, frutos, folhas maduras e folhas jovens de N. stannea coletadas em propriedades as margens de afluentes das bacias hidrográficas do Rio Araguaia onde havia histórico de morte súbita em bovinos. Folhas maduras em doses entre 10 e 40g/kg e frutos na dose de 10 g/kg não causaram alterações clínicas. Alterações clínicas foram observadas em ovinos que receberam a partir de 5g/kg de folhas jovens em dose única e a morte ocorreu nos que receberam a partir de 30g/kg. A toxicidade na dose de 30g/kg se manteve após a secagem da planta. Os principais sinais clínicos foram anorexia, apatia, dispneia, arritmia e taquicardia em evolução clínica que variou de 16 às 20h. Notou-se em uma fase terminal hiperaguda, com evolução de 13 a 20 min., relutância ao movimento, micção frequente, jugular ingurgitada, pulso venoso evidente, tremor muscular, decúbito esternal e decúbito lateral e morte. Na necropsia os principais achados foram ingurgitamento de grandes veias, das aurículas do coração e edema pulmonar. Microscopicamente a principal alteração ocorreu no rim e caracterizou-se por degeneração hidrópico-vacuolar no citoplasma de epitélio de túbulos contorcidos distais. Conclui-se que N. stannea na fase de brotação é tóxica para ovinos e que a intoxicação por esta planta deve ser incluída no diagnóstico diferencial das doenças com curso clínico hiperagudo ou morte súbita em ovinos em regiões onde a planta existe.(AU)
Niedenzuella stannea a sodium monofluoroacetate-containing plant cause sudden death in cattle in southern Mato Grosso State. This investigation describes the toxicity and clinical and pathological findings of experimental poisoning by N. stannea in sheep. Fruits, mature leaves and young leaves of the plant collected in properties near the margins of the Araguaia river basins with history of sudden death in cattle were used in the experiment. No clinical signs were observed in sheep ingesting doses between 10 and 40g/kg of mature leaves and 10g/kg of fruits. The animals had shown clinical signs when received young leaves of the plant orally in a single dose of 5, 10, 20g/kg, and death occurred in sheep receiving 30g/kg. The plant at the dose of 30g/kg of fresh leaves maintained its toxicity after being dried. The main clinical signs observed were anorexia, lethargy, dyspnea, tachycardia, and arrhythmia with a clinical course ranging 16-20 hours after the onset of clinical signs. In an hyperacute terminal phase the animals showed reluctance to move, frequent urination, engorged jugular, evident venous pulse, muscle tremor, sternal recumbence, lateral decubitus, and death. At necropsy engorgement of the atrium and large veins of the heart, and pulmonary edema were observed. Microscopically, the kidney had hydropic-vacuolar degeneration in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells of the distal convoluted tubules. It is concluded that young leaves of N. stannea can cause intoxication in sheep and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute diseases or sudden death in sheep in regions where the plant exist.(AU)