RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Childhood alopecia is a relative rare event in general paediatric dermatology practice. Hair loss in children may have multiple causes, and there are different types of alopecia according to age groups. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of alopecia in children from two Chilean paediatric hospitals. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Descriptive analysis of clinical records of patients from the Dermatology Department of Roberto del Rio and Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospitals between January 2007 and June 2010. Patients with clinical diagnosis of alopecia were included. RESULTS: A total of 345 clinical records were analysed, with 179 males (51.9%). The median age was 72 months. Overall, the most common diagnoses were: alopecia areata (AA), (36.8%), tinea capitis (TC), (21%), nevus sebaceous (13.2%), and tellogen effluvium (8.7%). According to age groups, in newborns, the most common causes were aplasia cutis and nevus sebaceous. In toddlers, pre-school and school children, the principal causes were nevus sebaceous, AA and TC. Trichotillomania was also significant in school children. In adolescents, nevus sebaceous, AA and tellogen effluvium were the most frequent diagnoses. AA was statistically associated with autoimmune disease, thyroid disease, nail disorder, psychiatric disease, and Down's syndrome. The most common aetiological agent in TC was M. canis (86.6%). Trichotillomania was also statistically associated to psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the main causes of alopecia in children were acquired and non-scarring alopecia. In our results, the type of alopecia varies according to age group. Some types of childhood alopecia showed a close correlation to psychiatric disorders.
Assuntos
Alopecia/etiologia , Tricotilomania/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Alopecia/epidemiologia , Alopecia/psicologia , Alopecia em Áreas/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Chile/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Introducción: La alopecia infantil es una afección poco frecuente en la consulta dermatológica pediátrica. Su etiología es variable según el grupo etario estudiado. El objetivo fue estudiar la causa de alopecia en niños en 2 hospitales pediátricos de referencia nacional en Chile. Pacientes y método: Análisis descriptivo de registros clínicos del total de pacientes atendidos entre enero de 2007 y junio de 2010 en los Servicios de Dermatología de los Hospitales Roberto del Río y Luis Calvo Mackenna. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de alopecia. Resultados: Se encontraron 345 registros clínicos, 179 varones (51,9%). La mediana de edad fue 72 meses. Los diagnósticos más prevalentes fueron alopecia areata (AA) (36,8%), tiña capitis (TC) (21%), nevo sebáceo (13,2%) y efluvio telógeno (8,7%). Según el grupo etario predominaron en recién nacidos: aplasia cutis y nevo sebáceo; en lactantes, preescolares y escolares: nevo sebáceo, AA y TC. En escolares se agregó tricotilomanía. En adolescentes nevo sebáceo, AA y efluvio telógeno. Se observó una correlación significativa entre AA con enfermedad autoinmune, enfermedad tiroidea, alteraciones ungueales, enfermedad psiquiátrica y síndrome de Down. En TC el agente etiológico más prevalente fue Microsporum Canis (86,6%). La tricotilomanía se correlacionó con enfermedad psiquiátrica significativamente. Conclusiones: Las principales causas de alopecia infantil fueron adquiridas y no cicatriciales. La etiología varía de acuerdo al grupo etario estudiado. Algunos tipos de alopecia infantil presentaron alta prevalencia de enfermedad psiquiátrica.
Introduction: Childhood alopecia is a relative rare event in general paediatric dermatology practice. Hair loss in children may have multiple causes, and there are different types of alopecia according to age groups. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of alopecia in children from two Chilean paediatric hospitals. Patients and method: Descriptive analysis of clinical records of patients from the Dermatology Department of Roberto del Rio and Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospitals between January 2007 and June 2010. Patients with clinical diagnosis of alopecia were included. Results: A total of 345 clinical records were analysed, with 179 males (51.9%). The median age was 72 months. Overall, the most common diagnoses were: alopecia areata (AA), (36.8%), tinea capitis (TC), (21%), nevus sebaceous (13.2%), and tellogen effluvium (8.7%). According to age groups, in newborns, the most common causes were aplasia cutis and nevus sebaceous. In toddlers, pre-school and school children, the principal causes were nevus sebaceous, AA and TC. Trichotillomania was also significant in school children. In adolescents, nevus sebaceous, AA and tellogen effluvium were the most frequent diagnoses. AA was statistically associated with autoimmune disease, thyroid disease, nail disorder, psychiatric disease, and Down's syndrome. The most common aetiological agent in TC was M. canis (86.6%). Trichotillomania was also statistically associated to psychiatric disorders. Conclusions: In this study, the main causes of alopecia in children were acquired and non-scarring alopecia. In our results, the type of alopecia varies according to age group. Some types of childhood alopecia showed a close correlation to psychiatric disorders.
Assuntos
Humanos , Permeabilidade da Membrana Celular/fisiologia , Claudinas/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/fisiologia , Harringtoninas/metabolismo , Intestinos/metabolismo , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Dextranos/metabolismo , /análogos & derivados , /metabolismo , Intestinos/fisiologia , Junções Íntimas/metabolismo , Junções Íntimas/fisiologia , Transcrição Gênica/fisiologiaRESUMO
La pérdida excesiva y falta de crecimiento capilar son un motivo frecuente de consulta dermatológica. En las últimas décadas, la investigación constante en la biología folicular ha permitido desarrollar numerosos productos farmacológicos que serían capaces de modificar la biología folicular y capilar, con resultados prometedores. No obstante, su indicación así como también las expectativas de éxito terapéutico deben ser tomadas con prudencia, ya que muchos de estos productos carecen de evidencia científica clínica en enfermedades capilares. En la siguiente revisión, se analizarán los mecanismos de acción y evidencia científica clínica de los principales productos capilares comercializados.
Insufficient growth and excessive hair loss are a common complaint in dermatologic consultation. In the past decades, a sustained research in hair follicle biology has prompted the development of many drugs that modify hair shaft and follicle biology, with promising results. However, their use as well as positive expectations have to be taken with caution, since many of them lack clinical evidence in hair diseases. In this paper, the mechanism of action and clinical evidence of the most common hair products available will be analyzed.
Assuntos
Humanos , Alopecia/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Dermatológicos/uso terapêutico , Antagonistas de Androgênios/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Folículo Piloso/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Folículo Piloso , Folículo Piloso/irrigação sanguíneaRESUMO
Introducción: La incidencia de la toxicidad dermatológica de la quimioterapia no es bien conocida. Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de manifestaciones cutáneas secundarias a la quimioterapia en portadores de tumores sólidos atendidos en el servicio de Oncología del Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile durante los meses de Febrero a Octubre de 2011. Metodología: Estudio de tipo observacional descriptivo. El universo estudiado fueron todos los pacientes portadores de algún tumor sólido que comenzaron su quimioterapia entre los meses señalados. Los pacientes fueron entrevistados y examinados utilizando un cuestionario en el cual se registraban las diferentes manifestaciones cutáneas. Resultados: 62,2 por ciento presentó alguna reacción adversa. Las más frecuentes fueron la Hiperpigmentación y xerosis con un 20,8 por ciento cada una. Efluvio anágeno se presentó en el 16,7 por ciento. 5-Fluoruracilo fue el fármaco más frecuentemente involucrado con un 35,4 por ciento. Conclusiones: Las reacciones cutáneas a la quimioterapia son frecuentes. El reconocerlas apropiadamente es un desafío que tiene por finalidad lograr una terapia antitumoral exitosa con un máximo confort del paciente.
Introduction: Incidence and severity of chemotherapy- induce dermatological toxicity is not well known. Objective: To determine the presence of chemotherapy- induce dermatological toxicity in patients with solid tumors treated at the Oncology department of the Clinical Hospital University of Chile from February to October 2011. Methods: Descriptive observational study was conducted on patients with any solid tumor who started chemotherapy between the months of February to October 2011. Patients were interviewed and examined using a questionnaire which recorded dermatological diseases. Results: 45 patients enrolled, 24 women (53.3 percent) and 21 men (46.7 percent). 62.2 percent of patients had a chemotherapy induced dermatological toxicity. The most common reactions were hyperpigmentation and xerosis (20.8 percent each). Anagen effluvium was seen in 16.7 percent of patients. 5-fluorouracil was the drug most frequently involved in all skin reactions (35,4 percent). Conclusions: Chemotherapy induced dermatological diseases are frequent. Properrecognition and management is a challenge that aims to achieve a successful antitumor therapy with maximum patient comfort.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Toxidermias/etiologia , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Estudo Observacional , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
El nevo epidérmico verrucoso inflamatorio lineal (NEVIL) es un hamartoma cutáneo poco frecuente, caracterizado por placas pruriginosas, eritematosas, de aspecto verrucoso y de distribución lineal. Múltiples esquemas terapéuticos han sido descritos en la literatura, predominando en ellos una respuesta parcial y la recurrencia de la lesión. Presentamos el casos de una paciente con un NEVIL tratado tópicamente mediante la combinación de 5-Fluorouracilo y ácido retinoico, con una resolución casi completa y mantenida de la lesión cutánea. Se hace una revisión, además de los principales aspectos clínicos del NEVIL junto con las modalidades terapéuticas descritas hasta ahora en la literatura.