First-Ever Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack Incidence and 30-Day Case-Fatality Rates in a Population-Based Study in Argentina.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Epidemiological data about stroke are scarce in low- and middle-income Latin-American countries. We investigated annual incidence of first-ever stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) and 30-day case-fatality rates in a population-based setting in Tandil, Argentina. METHODS: We prospectively identified all first-ever stroke and TIA cases from overlapping sources between January 5, 2013, and April 30, 2015, in Tandil, Argentina. We calculated crude and standardized incidence rates. We estimated 30-day case-fatality rates. RESULTS: We identified 334 first-ever strokes and 108 TIAs. Age-standardized incidence rate per 100 000 for Segi's World population was 76.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 67.8-85.9) for first-ever stroke and 25.1 (95% CI, 20.2-30.7) for first-ever TIA, 56.1 (95% CI, 48.8-64.2) for ischemic stroke, 13.5 (95% CI, 9.9-17.9) for intracerebral hemorrhage, and 4.9 (95% CI, 2.7-8.1) for subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke incidence was slightly higher for men (87.8; 95% CI, 74.6-102.6) than for women (73.2; 95% CI, 61.7-86.1) when standardized for the Argentinean population. Thirty-day case-fatality rate was 14.7% (95% CI, 10.8-19.5) for ischemic stroke, 24.1% (95% CI, 14.2-36.6) for intracerebral hemorrhage, and 1.9% (95% CI, 0.4-5.8) for TIA. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first prospective population-based stroke and TIA incidence and case-fatality estimate in Argentina. First-ever stroke incidence was lower than that reported in previous Latin-American studies, but first-ever TIA incidence was higher. Thirty-day case-fatality rates were similar to those of other population-based Latin-American studies.

Different physical therapy interventions on daily physical activities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

AIM: To verify the outcome of different physical therapy interventions in activities of daily living of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: Twenty-two COPD individuals were randomly divided into three groups: the Lower Limb Training Group (LLTG, n=8) performed treadmill exercise, Upper Limb Training Group (ULTG, n=8) performed upper limb (UL) training, and Control Group (CG, n=6) underwent bronchial hygiene therapy for 6 weeks, three times per week. The following were simulated in the activities of the daily living test: blackboard erasing, weight lifting exercise, stair climbing and treadmill walking. The duration of these tasks was 5 min of blackboard erasing and weight lifting, and 6 min of stair climbing and treadmill walking. RESULTS: Intragroup analysis presented a significant post-treatment ventilatory demand (V(E)/MVV) decrease for the LLTG during basal conditions and walking, and significant decrease during blackboard erasing and walking for the ULTG, with similar metabolic demand (VO(2)/VO(2)max) for both groups. Dyspnoea decreased significantly in the LLTG during post-treatment walking and increased for CG. The number of stairs climbed decreased significantly for the CG and increased for LLTG and ULTG post treatment, along with the walked distance for LLTG. The intergroup analysis presented significant differences in post-treatment dyspnoea with greater values observed for the CG during walking. CONCLUSION: The different protocols utilized promoted benefits towards physical exercise tolerance, particularly in the ULTG that presented better performance in sustained UL tasks, which may suggest better conditioning and coordination of the muscles involved in UL elevation.

Determination of exacerbation predictors in patients with COPD in physical therapy - a longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) typically presents the characteristic clinical condition of exacerbation, with more intense symptoms associated with greater functional loss and consequently lower chances of patient survival. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine the predictors of exacerbation, alone or in combination, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who received physical therapeutic treatment over 6 months. METHOD: This was an observational, longitudinal and prospective study in which 63 COPD patients residing within the municipality of São Carlos, SP, Brazil were evaluated. These patients had COPD stages II and III and were entered into a physical therapy program, consisting of 3 periods of assessment over 6 months. We evaluated the occurrence of acute exacerbation as well as the patients' body mass index (BMI), fat-free mass (FFM), fat-free mass index, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), dyspnea, distance walked (DW) in the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and handgrip strength. RESULTS: When applying Cox settings with each covariate separately, the results revealed 5% significance only for the DW in the 6MWT, which demonstrated an interaction between BMI and FFM. Comparison of the 3 periods of assessment across the covariates measured showed a significant difference only for the DW between evaluations in the 3rd and 6th months. CONCLUSION: Upon analyzing the predictors of risk over 6 months of follow-up in patients with COPD, we found that the DW in the 6MWT was associated with the risk of exacerbation, although this risk also depended on the covariates BMI and FFM.

Responsiveness of the six-minute step test to a physical training program in patients with COPD.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the responsiveness of the six-minute step test (6MST) to an aerobic physical training program (PTP) and to determine the efficacy of the PTP regarding spirometric variables during the 6MST, as well as physical performance, sensation of dyspnea, and SpO2 during the 6MST and the six-minute walk test (6MWT), in patients with COPD. METHODS: This was a controlled, prospective randomized study involving patients clinically diagnosed with COPD, with an FEV1/FVC ratio < 70%, and having been clinically stable in the last two months. The patients were randomized to undergo a PTP on a treadmill, three times a week, for six weeks (PTP group) or not (control group). Histories were taken from all of the patients, who received regular respiratory therapy during the study period, undergoing physical examination and spirometry before and after bronchodilator use; incremental symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing; the 6MST; and the 6MWT. RESULTS: Of the 36 patients that completed the study, 21 and 15 were in the PTP and control groups, respectively. In the PTP group, there was a significant increase in the number of steps climbed during the 6MST and in the six-minute walk distance (in m and % of predicted), as well as a significant decrease in the sensation of dyspnea during the 6MWT. CONCLUSIONS: The 6MST showed responsiveness to the PTP. However, the 6MWT appears to be more responsive to the PTP proposed.

Study of peripheral muscle strength and severity indexes in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) present reduced peripheral muscle strength, which leads to impaired mobility and increased mortality risk. However, it is not clear whether there is any relationship between muscle strength, muscle mass and the body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, exercise performance (BODE) index scale, which is considered to be the best predictor of survival for individuals with COPD. The BODE Index is a multidimensional system that measures body composition (B), airway obstruction (O), dyspnea perception (D) and the ability to exercise (E), and rates the severity of the major changes found in individuals with COPD. The objective of this study was to verify any relationship between the BODE Index, muscle mass and maximum muscle strengths of the upper limb (UL) and lower limb (LL) in subjects with moderate to very severe COPD. METHODS: Twenty-six individuals with moderate to very severe COPD were evaluated by body composition (body mass index and muscle mass), BODE Index, handgrip strength (HS) and one repetition maximum (1RM) test of the UL and LL. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation (Pearson, p < 0.05) of peripheral muscle strength, evaluated by HS and 1RM (pectoral and triceps, round muscles and dorsal section, quadriceps), to muscle mass (0.74, 0.57, 0.74 and 0.62, respectively) and the distance walked in the six-minute walking test (0.52, 0.50, 0.46 and 0.58, respectively), but no correlation of muscle strength was found to forced expiratory volume in one second to dyspnea or the BODE Index. CONCLUSION: In accordance with the results of this study, peripheral muscle strength as measured by HS and 1RM is not related to the severity indexes for COPD, unlike UL and LL muscle strength. Therefore, UL and LL measurements now have an additional importance in COPD evaluation.

Exacerbation and functional capacity of patients with COPD undergoing an exercise training program: longitudinal study / Exacerbação e capacidade funcional de pacientes com DPOC submetidos ao treinamento físico: estudo longitudinal

Objective To analyze if there is influence of body weight, body mass index (BMI), body composition, dyspnoea, grip strength and tolerance to exertion in the occurrence of exacerbation during a 12-month follow up of patients with COPD who underwent a physical training program. Material and methods Sixty three patients were distributed in two groups, (Exacerbation Group — EG, n = 29; Non-Exacerbated Group — NEG, n = 34). The Mann Whitney test was used for the comparison between groups, the Friedman test (posthoc Dunn) to compare the assessments and the logistic regression analysis, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results There is a significant difference between the groups in age and walked distance (WD) in the sixminute walk test (6MWT). The WD was reduced in 6th, 9th and 12th month revaluation compared to baseline and 3 months for the EG. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant interaction between the lean body mass and the WD, BMI with the lean body mass and the BMI with the WD, this and the isolated dyspnoea, and lean body mass with body weight. Conclusion Involving several variables along the follow up of patients with COPD in physical therapy programs is important, since it may prevent or reduce the chance of the occurrence of exacerbations. In addition, older patients with less tolerance to physical activity had a higher number of episodes of exacerbation, even when participating in a physiotherapy program associated to exercise training. .

Objetivos Analisar se há influência do peso corporal, índice de massa corpórea (IMC), composição corporal, dispneia, força de preensão palmar (FPP) e tolerância ao esforço na ocorrência de exacerbação ao longo de 12 meses de acompanhamento de pacientes com DPOC submetidos a um programa de treinamento físico que desenvolveram ou não a exacerbação. Métodos Sessenta e três pacientes foram distribuídos em dois grupos (Grupo Exacerbação — GE, n = 29; Grupo Não Exacerbação — GNE, n= 34). O teste Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para a comparação entre os grupos, teste de Friedman (post-hoc e Dunn) para comparação das avaliações e a análise de regressão logística, com nível de significância p < 0,05. Resultados Há diferença significativa entre os grupos quanto à idade e distância percorrida (DP) no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6). A DP apresentou-se reduzida no 6º, no 9º e no 12º mês de reavaliação comparados a avaliação e ao 3º mês para o GE. Na análise de regressão logística observou-se interação significativa entre a MM e a DP, IMC com a MM, bem como do IMC com a DP, desta e da dispneia isoladas e da MM com o peso corporal. Conclusão Conclui-se a importância de envolver diversas variáveis ao longo do acompanhamento de pacientes com DPOC em programas fisioterapêuticos na tentativa de prevenir a ocorrência de exacerbações ou reduzir sua chance de ocorrência. Além disso, pacientes mais idosos e com menor tolerância à atividade física tiveram maior número de episódios de exacerbação, mesmos estando inseridos em um programa fisioterapêutico de treinamento físico. .

Plasmocitoma extradural que simula un meningioma espinal: presentación de caso / Extradural Plasmacytoma Mimicking A Spinal Meningioma: A Case Report

La papilomatosis mamaria es un proceso benigno poco frecuente, asociado con el desarrollo de cáncer de mama. El limitado número de series y casos publicados no ha permitido definir algunos aspectos de su manejo y seguimiento. Este artículo presenta los casos de dos mujeres (uno de estos casos corresponde a la variante juvenil mamaria), seguidos por la discusión de dicha patología. Se hace énfasis en los hallazgos imagenológicos y en su correlación con la patología

Plasmacytomas are frequent extradural manifestations in patients with history of multiple myeloma (MM). We present a case of a patient with past history of MM, who consulted due to neurologic symptoms. The magnetic resonance showed an extradural mass with typical features of a spinal meningioma: a narrow canal and compressive myelopathy. Hystopathological analysis confirmed a plasmacytoma.

Determination of exacerbation predictors in patients with COPD in physical therapy - a longitudinal study / Determinação dos preditores de exacerbação nos pacientes com DPOC em tratamento fisioterapêutico - estudo longitudinal

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) typically presents the characteristic clinical condition of exacerbation, with more intense symptoms associated with greater functional loss and consequently lower chances of patient survival. Objectives: This study sought to determine the predictors of exacerbation, alone or in combination, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who received physical therapeutic treatment over 6 months. Method: This was an observational, longitudinal and prospective study in which 63 COPD patients residing within the municipality of São Carlos, SP, Brazil were evaluated. These patients had COPD stages II and III and were entered into a physical therapy program, consisting of 3 periods of assessment over 6 months. We evaluated the occurrence of acute exacerbation as well as the patients' body mass index (BMI), fat-free mass (FFM), fat-free mass index, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), dyspnea, distance walked (DW) in the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and handgrip strength. Results: When applying Cox settings with each covariate separately, the results revealed 5% significance only for the DW in the 6MWT, which demonstrated an interaction between BMI and FFM. Comparison of the 3 periods of assessment across the covariates measured showed a significant difference only for the DW between evaluations in the 3rd and 6th months. Conclusion: Upon analyzing the predictors of risk over 6 months of follow-up in patients with COPD, we found that the DW in the 6MWT was associated with the risk of exacerbation, although this risk also depended on the covariates BMI and FFM. .

Contextualização: A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) normalmente cursa com condições clínicas características de exacerbação e, quanto maior o número delas, maior é a ocorrência de perda funcional e, consequentemente, menores são as chances de sobrevida dos pacientes. Objetivos: Determinar os preditores de exacerbação, isoladamente ou em interação, em pacientes com DPOC em tratamento fisioterapêutico ao longo de seis meses. Método : Trata-se de um estudo observacional, longitudinal e prospectivo, no qual foram avaliados 63 pacientes com DPOC estágios II e III, do município de São Carlos, SP, Brasil, inseridos em um programa fisioterapêutico, por meio de três períodos de avaliação ao longo de seis meses, quanto à ocorrência de exacerbação, bem como quanto ao índice de massa corpórea (IMC), massa magra (MM), índice de massa magra (IMM), volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1), dispneia, distância percorrida (DP) no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6) e força de preensão palmar. Resultados: Ao aplicar os ajustes de Cox com cada uma das covariáveis separadamente, observou-se significância de 5% apenas para a DP no TC6, a qual demonstrou interação com o IMC e também com a MM. Na comparação dos três períodos de avaliação quanto às covariáveis avaliadas, observou-se diferença significativa apenas para a DP entre as avaliações do 3º e 6º mês. Conclusão: Ao longo de seis meses de acompanhamento dos pacientes com DPOC quanto aos preditores de risco, pode-se observar que a DP no TC6 é um determinante no risco de exacerbação, no entanto depende das covariáveis IMC e MM. .

Espectro de manifestaciones de la malformación de Chiari / Presentation Spectrum of Chiari Malformation

El grupo de anomalías congénitas de la fosa posterior se clasifica en tres tipos: la malformación de Chiari 1 es la más frecuente y la malformación de Chiari 3 es la menos común. El tipo 1 se caracteriza por un descenso de las amígdalas cerebelosas a través del foramen magno y se asocia, entre otras anomalías, con siringohidromielia. Virtualmente todos los pacientes con malformación de Chiari 2 presentan mielomeningocele, que es el responsable de una distensión inadecuada del cuarto ventrículo, con la consecuente hipoplasia de la fosa posterior; los pacientes con Chiari 3 presentan un encefalocele occipital o cervical alto. La resonancia magnética es la modalidad imaginológica de elección en el estudio de los pacientes con malformación de Chiari. En el presente artículo se revisa la literatura pertinente y se muestran casos representativos de los diferentes tipos de malformación de Chiari en estudios de resonancia magnética.

The group of congenital anomalies of the posterior fossa is classified into three types; Chiari 1 malformation is the most frequent one and and Chiari 3 the least common. Type 1 is characterized by downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum; among other anomalies, it is associated with syringohydromyelia. Almost all patients with Chiari 2 have a myelomeningocele, which is responsible for the inadequate distention of the fourth ventricle with the consequent hypoplastic posterior fossa; patients with Chiari 3 have occipital or cervical cephalocele. Magnetic resonance (MR) is the imaging modality of choice in the evaluation of patients with Chiari malformation. In this article we review the pertinent literature available and demonstrate representative cases of the different types of Chiari malformation in magnetic resonance studies.

Responsividade do teste do degrau de seis minutos a um programa de treinamento físico em pacientes com DPOC / Responsiveness of the six-minute step test to a physical training program in patients with COPD

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a responsividade do teste do degrau de seis minutos (TD6) a um programa de treinamento físico (PTF) aeróbio e verificar a eficácia do PTF quanto às variáveis ergoespirométricas no TD6, assim como ao desempenho físico, sensação de dispneia e SpO2 no TD6 e no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6) em pacientes com DPOC. MÉTODOS: Estudo controlado, prospectivo e randomizado com pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de DPOC que apresentassem relação VEF1/CVF < 70% e condições clinicamente estáveis nos últimos dois meses. Os pacientes foram randomizados em grupo PTF, que realizaram um PTF em esteira por seis semanas, três vezes por semana, e grupo controle. Todos os participantes receberam cuidados usuais de fisioterapia respiratória durante o período de estudo e foram submetidos a anamnese, exame físico, espirometria antes e após o uso de broncodilatador, teste cardiopulmonar incremental sintoma limitado, TD6 e TC6 nos momentos basal e final. RESULTADOS: Dos 36 pacientes que completaram o estudo, 21 e 15 foram distribuídos nos grupos PTF e controle, respectivamente. Verificou-se um aumento significativo do número de subidas no degrau no TD6, da distância percorrida no TC6 (em m e % do previsto), assim como uma redução significativa da sensação de dispneia durante o TC6 somente no grupo PTF. CONCLUSÕES: O TD6 apresentou responsividade ao PTF. No entanto, acreditamos que o TC6 seja mais responsivo ao PTF proposto.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the responsiveness of the six-minute step test (6MST) to an aerobic physical training program (PTP) and to determine the efficacy of the PTP regarding spirometric variables during the 6MST, as well as physical performance, sensation of dyspnea, and SpO2 during the 6MST and the six-minute walk test (6MWT), in patients with COPD. METHODS: This was a controlled, prospective randomized study involving patients clinically diagnosed with COPD, with an FEV1/FVC ratio < 70%, and having been clinically stable in the last two months. The patients were randomized to undergo a PTP on a treadmill, three times a week, for six weeks (PTP group) or not (control group). Histories were taken from all of the patients, who received regular respiratory therapy during the study period, undergoing physical examination and spirometry before and after bronchodilator use; incremental symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing; the 6MST; and the 6MWT. RESULTS: Of the 36 patients that completed the study, 21 and 15 were in the PTP and control groups, respectively. In the PTP group, there was a significant increase in the number of steps climbed during the 6MST and in the six-minute walk distance (in m and % of predicted), as well as a significant decrease in the sensation of dyspnea during the 6MWT. CONCLUSIONS: The 6MST showed responsiveness to the PTP. However, the 6MWT appears to be more responsive to the PTP proposed.

Efeitos do exercício resistido de membros superiores na força muscular periférica e na capacidade funcional do paciente com DPOC / Effects of the resistance exercise in upper limb on peripheral muscular strength and functionality of COPD patient

Introdução: A disfunção muscular periférica na doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) contribui diretamente para a intolerância ao exercício físico, porém ainda não há consenso sobre estratégias adequadas de treinamento físico para esses pacientes. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do exercício resistido de membros superiores (MMSS) em pacientes com DPOC moderada a muito grave no ganho de forçae na capacidade funcional. Métodos: Doze pacientes com DPOC foram divididos em dois grupos:controle (GC) e treinado (GT). O GT realizou treinamento de força, três vezes por semana, durante seis semanas, com carga de 80% de uma repetição máxima (RM). Antes e após o tratamento, foram realizados os testes de 1 RM e o Pegboard and Ring Test (PBRT) em ambos os grupos. Resultados:Após o tratamento, verificou-se aumento significativo da força muscular no GT (aumento de 52% no supino sentado e 22% no pulley, com p < 0,05); e quanto ao PBRT, não houve diferença significativa em ambos os grupos. Conclusão: O treinamento de força de MMSS com duração de seis semanas foi capaz de aumentar a força muscular, mas não a funcionalidade de pacientes com DPOC moderada a muito grave.

Introduction: Peripheral muscle dysfunction in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) contributes for the intolerance exercise, but there was no consensus about appropriate strategies of exercise training for these patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the resistance exercise in upper limb in COPD patients (from moderate to very severe cases) on the muscular strength and functional capacity. Methods: Twelve patients with COPD were separated into two groups: control (GC) and trained (GT). The GT carried out strength training three times a week, during six weeks, starting with load of 80 percent of one repetition maximum (1 RM). Before and after the treatment were carried out the 1 RM test and the Pegboard and Ring Test (PBRT) in both groups. Results: After the treatment, there was a significant increase of the strength muscle in the GT (increase of 52 percent in the supine and 22 percent in the pulley, with p < 0.05); and in the PBRT there were no significant difference in both groups. Conclusion: The upper limb strength training during six weeks was able to improve the muscle strength, but not the functionality of COPD patients (from moderate to very severe cases).

Fatores que influenciam a capacidade física de pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica / Factors that influence physical capacity of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Este estudo objetivou identificar fatores que influenciam a capacidade física, avaliada por meio da distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6'), de pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC). Os fatores testados foram idade, grau de obstrução das vias aéreas (pelo volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1), resistência da musculatura respiratória (pela ventilação voluntária máxima (VVM) e capacidade máxima ao esforço (medida pela distância percorrida no teste cardiopulmonar limitado por sintomas, TCP). Dezoito pacientes do sexo masculino, com idade média de 69,6±8,4anos e diagnóstico de DPOC classes II e III, foram submetidos ao TC6', ao TCP e à espiromeria. Foram encontradas correlações significativas moderadas entre a distância percorrida no TC6' e o VEF1 (r=0,62), a VVM (r=0,50), e a distância percorrida no TCP (r=0,67), não havendo correlação com a idade. Conclui-se que o grau de obstrução das vias aéreas, a resistência da musculatura respiratória e a capacidade máxima ao esforço influenciam a capacidade física dos pacientes com DPOC classes II e III ao executar uma atividade cotidiana como a caminhada.

The purpose of this study was to verify to what extent certain factors may influence physical capacity (as assessed by the six-minute walk test, 6MWT) of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); factors considered were age, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), and distance covered in the symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise test (CET). Subjects were 18 male elderly (mean age 69.6±8.4 years) with II- and III-degree COPD diagnosis, submitted to spirometry and the 6MW and CE tests. Moderate significant correlations were found between distance walked at the 6MWT and FEV1 (r=0.62), MVV (r=0.50), and distance walked in CET (r=0.67); no correlation was found with age. Therefore, it may be said that the degree of airway obstruction, endurance of respiratory muscles, and maximum exertion capacity may influence physical capacity of subjects with II- and III-degree COPD when performing a daily activity such as walking.

Teste de caminhada de seis minutos na doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica com diferentes graus de obstrução / Six-minute gait test in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with different degrees of obstruction

INTRODUÇÃO: Alguns testes funcionais são utilizados complementando a avaliação dinâmica na doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC), como o teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6). OBJETIVOS: Verificar quanto o grau de obstrução compromete a tolerância ao esforço avaliado pelo TC6 e comparar a distância percorrida e prevista através da equação de Enright e Sherrill (1998) para indivíduos saudáveis e com DPOC apresentando grau de obstrução leve, moderado e grave, além de comparar a distância percorrida entre os grupos. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 90 indivíduos do sexo masculino, sendo 19 saudáveis (grupo 1-G1, idade média de 67 ± 6,6 anos), 24 indivíduos com DPOC apresentando obstrução leve (grupo 2-G2, idade média de 69 ± 11,3 anos), 26 com DPOC moderada (grupo 3-G3, idade média de 71 ± 9,1 anos) e 21 com DPOC grave (grupo 4-G4, idade média de 70 ± 9,4 anos) quanto à distância percorrida, além da distância prevista através da equação. RESULTADOS:Constatou-se diferença significativa (teste t de Student, p < 0,05) ao comparar distância percorrida e prevista para G3 (387 ± 71m vs 456 ± 56m) e G4 (318 ± 97m vs 477 ± 52m), sendo a percorrida menor que a prevista para ambos. Na análise intergrupos, quanto à distância percorrida verificou-se diferença significativa (ANOVA, p < 0,05), sendo que G1 (506 ± 56m) e G2 (452 ± 60m) apresentaram valores maiores (Newman-Keuls, p < 0,05) que G3 (387 ± 71m) e G4 (318 ± 97m), assim como G3 maior que G4. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que quanto maior a limitação ao fluxo aéreo, menor a tolerância ao esforço físico; indivíduos saudáveis e com DPOC leve obtiveram desempenho semelhante, além de mostrar distância percorrida similar à prevista. Assim, o TC6 permite avaliar a capacidade funcional dos indivíduos saudáveis e com DPOC, estimando quanto o grau de obstrução do fluxo aéreo compromete o desempenho físico.

INTRODUCTION: Some functional tests are used as a complement to the dynamic evaluation in the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), such as the six-minute gait test (GT6). OBJECTIVES: To verify how much the degree of obstruction compromises the tolerance to the exertion evaluated by the GT6 and to compare the distances completed and expected through the equation by Enright and Sherrill (1998) for healthy individuals as well as the ones with COPD presenting mild, moderate and severe degrees of obstruction, besides to compare the completed distance among groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 90 male individuals were evaluated, being 19 healthy (group 1-G1, mean age 67 ± 6.6 years); 24 individuals with COPD presenting mild obstruction (group 2-G2, mean age 69 ± 11.3 years); 26 with moderate COPD (group 3-G3, mean age 71 ± 9.1 years) and 21 with severe COPD (group 4-G4, mean age 70 ± 9.4 years) concerning the completed distance, besides the distance expected through the equation. RESULTS: Significant difference was observed (t-Student test, < 0.05) when comparing completed and expected distances for G3 (387 + 71 m vs 456 ± 56 m) and G4 (318 ± 97 m vs 477 ± 52 m), being the completed distance shorter than the expected one for both. In the inter group analysis, concerning the completed distance significant difference was verified (ANOVA, < 0.05), where G1 (506 ± 56 m) and G2 (452 ± 60 m) presented higher values (Newman-Keuls, < 0.05) than G3 (387 ± 71 m) and G4 (318 ± 97 m), as well as G3 higher than G4. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the higher the limitation to the air flow, the lower the tolerance to physical exertion. However, healthy individuals and the ones with mild COPD obtained similar performance, besides having similar completed and expected distances. Thus, the GT6 allows us to evaluate the functional capacity of healthy individuals and the ones with...

Papiloma del plexo coroideo en el ángulo pontocerebeloso: presentación de caso / Cerebellopontine choroid plexus papilloma: case report

En este artículo se presenta el caso de una mujer adulta a quien se le encontró una masa en el ángulo pontocerebeloso, que corresponde a un papiloma de plexo coroideo. Debido a lo poco frecuente de esta localización, se reporta el caso y se describen sus características imaginológicas y los posibles diagnósticos diferenciales.

Seudomixoma peritoneal: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura médica / Peritoneal pseudomixoma: case presentation and literature review

En este artículo se presenta, por un lado, el caso de un paciente con seudomixoma peritoneal, cuyo diagnóstico fue realizado con imágenes de escanografía, y, por el otro, la revisión de la literatura médica sobre esta patología.

Consumo de oxigênio, ventilação pulmonar e oxigenação no teste do degrau e teste de caminhada em indivíduos com DPOC / Oxygen uptake, minute ventilation and oxygenation in the step test and walk test in subjects with COPD

Objetivo: Comparar o comportamento do consumo de oxigênio (VO2), ventilação pulmonar (VE) e da saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2) durante o Teste do degrau (TD6) e Teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6), em indivíduos saudáveis e com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC), além de comparar os picos dos testes entre os grupos. Métodos: Foram avaliados 27 indivíduos do sexo masculino, sendo 10 saudáveis (Grupo 1 - G1, 66 +- 5,8 anos) e 17 com DPOC (obstrução moderada a grave, Grupo 2 - G; 71,5 +- 6,3 anos), através de um sistema metabólico, modelo VO2000, operado via computador pelo software Aerograph, para análise das variáveis VO2 e Ve. A SpO2 foi verificada através de um oxímetro de pulso portátil, durante o TD6 e TC6, com intervalo de 30 minutos entre eles. Estudo realizado com a anuência dos pacientes, de acordo com a resolução 196/96 do CNS. Resultados: Com relação a VE, constatou-se diferença significativa (Wilcoxon, p<_0,05) na análise intergupos, verificando-se valores maiores no G2, comparado ao G1; entretanto, o VO2 não mostrou diferença significativamente menor no G2 comparado ao G1 ewm ambos os testes. Na análise intragrupo, o G2 mostrou diferença significativa (Wilcoxon, p<_0,05) apenas para VE, sendo que o TC6 apresentou valores maiores que o TD6. Quanto ao G1, não observou-se diferença significativa ao comparar as variáveis citadas, em ambos os testes. Conclusão: Conclui-se que os indivíduos com DPOC, comparados aos saudáveis, apresentaram maior gasto ventilatório e dessaturação de oxigênio (queda >_5%) em ambos os testes.