Social representations of nurses concerning domestic violence against women: study with a structural approach. / Representações sociais de enfermeiras acerca da violência doméstica contra a mulher: estudo com abordagem estrutural.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the structure and contents of the social representations of nurses concerning domestic violence against women. METHODS: This is a qualitative study conducted with 100 nurses between May and September 2014 in two hospitals of Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. Data were collected through evocations and semi-structured interviews. The data were processed in Evoc software and subjected to contextual analysis, respectively. RESULTS: A negative representation was identified with core elements alluding to forms of violence and its judgment, expressed as "physical aggression" and "contempt". In the periphery, "fear" is how the professionals and the victims feel toward the aggressor and "submission" is mentioned as a cause of violence. The term "verbal aggression" in the contrast zone suggests the possibility of a subgroup with a different representation. CONCLUSIONS: A centralised view regarding physical injuries and the culpabilisation of domestic abuse victims can limit care actions, revealing the need to discuss this subject with health workers.

[Social representation of domestic violence against women among Nursing Technicians and Community Agents]. / Representação social da violência doméstica contra a mulher entre Técnicos de Enfermagem e Agentes Comunitários.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the social representations of the Nursing Technicians and Community Health Agents about domestic violence against women. METHOD: A qualitative study carried out in the city of Rio Grande, RS, in which evocations and interviews were collected between July and November 2013. For the treatment of data were used the EVOC 2005 software and the context analysis. RESULTS: It is a structured representation, in which the central nucleus contains conceptual, imaging and attitudinal elements, namely: abuse, aggression, physical aggression, cowardice and lack of respect. Such terms were present in the context of the interviews. The professionals acknowledged that violence is not limited to physical aspects and were judgemental about the acts of the aggressor. CONCLUSION: This knowledge may enable the problematization of the studied phenomenon with the team, and facilitate the search for prevention and intervention strategies for victims, offenders and managers of health services.

Social representation of young people in higher education about sexually transmitted infections.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the social representations about sexually transmitted infections elaborated by undergraduate students. METHODS: a descriptive, qualitative study, in the light of the structural approach of Social Representation Theory, carried out with 160 young undergraduate students, in the second half of 2019, in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Data were collected using a sociodemographic characterization questionnaire, knowledge and practices for preventing sexually transmitted infections, analyzed using descriptive statistics and a form of free evocations with the inducing term STD, analyzed using prototypical and similarity analysis. RESULTS: the representation's possible central nucleus is composed of lexicons aids, disease and HIV; the peripheral system by syphilis, sex, condoms, gonorrhea, prevention, infection, carelessness, HPV, herpes, ignorance, treatment, fear, unprotected-sex and danger. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: social thinking about sexually transmitted infections is characterized by their recognition as diseases, which require barrier prevention measures, associating with unsafe sexual practices that arouse fear.

Social representation of spiritual surgeries in Umbanda: culture, religion and contributions of nursing theory.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the social representation of spiritual surgeries in Umbanda for Bantu-Amerindian ritual mediums and their contributions to the cross-cultural care proposed by Madeleine Leininger. METHODS: a descriptive-exploratory, qualitative study, supported by the procedural approach of Social Representation Theory and Transcultural Nursing Theory, carried out with 30 Umbanda mediums of the Bantu-Amerindian ritual through interviews, submitted to the Iramuteq software for lexical analysis. RESULTS: mostly women, white, with an average of 46 years old and approximately 14 years of practice in Umbanda participated. The social representation of spiritual surgeries in Umbanda is objectified and anchored through a biomedical vision of care, encompassing a set of beliefs, values and practices as religious treatments, through faith, whose main objective is healing. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: spiritual surgeries are a form of transcultural care, according to Madeleine Leininger's propositions, as they integrate the culture of a group through health care in Umbanda.

Social representations of the quality of life of the young people living with HIV.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the social representations of the quality of life of the young people living with HIV. METHODS: qualitative survey, based on the Social Representations Theory, with 24 young people living with HIV, monitored in specialized services in Rio de Janeiro, through semi-structured interviews, and the analysis supported by the software IRAMUTEQ. RESULTS: multidimensionality of the quality of life was observed unfolding the implications of living with HIV/aids concerning the familiar and social support network, time of diagnosis, healthcare services, antiretroviral therapy, and prejudice expressions. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: a conceptual synthesis of quality of life is observed when it is associated with healthy lifestyle habits, interpersonal relationships, and health services and professional practices.

The Prevalence of Abdominal Adiposity among Primary Health Care Physicians in Bahia, Brazil: An Epidemiological Study.

BACKGROUND: Labor activities are demanding for workers and can induce occupational stress. Primary health care (PHC) workers have faced problems that can lead to the development of stress and abdominal obesity. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of abdominal adiposity among primary health care physicians in the metropolitan mesoregion of Salvador, Bahia. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with physicians from the family health units (FHUs) of the metropolitan mesoregion of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The number of FHUs corresponded to 41 teams (52 physicians). Anamnesis was performed and a questionnaire was applied. The clinical examination consisted of measuring waist circumference (WC), blood pressure levels (BP), and body mass index (BMI), as well as examining for acanthosis nigricans. Blood samples were collected for biochemical dosages. The data obtained were analyzed by SPSS version 22.0. RESULTS: The sample included 41 physicians (response rate: 78.8%), of which 18 were women (44.0%). The percentage of overweight participants represented by BMI was 31.7%. The hypertriglyceridemia prevalence was 29.2%. HDL-c was low in 48.7% of the participants. The waist circumference measurement revealed a prevalence of abdominal adiposity of 38.8% (women) and 34.8% (men). CONCLUSIONS: Medical professionals in PHC are more susceptible to having higher abdominal adiposity, especially female physicians.

Women of different generations living with HIV: social representations about sexuality. / Mulheres de diferentes gerações que vivem com HIV: representações sociais sobre sexualidade.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the social representations of women diagnosed with HIV about their sexuality considering generational characteristics. METHOD: Qualitative study, carried out with women who participated through interviews. The constituted corpus was processed by the Iramuteq software. The analysis was based on the Theory of Social Representations. RESULTS: A total of 39 women participated in the study, aged between 18-76 years old and most of them had high school education, evoked the terms 'people' (301), 'partner' (277), 'children' (249), 'virus' (275) and 'want' (216). The younger ones accept to reveal and/or 'tell' about their condition to their partner(s) and family members, an aspect that is not revealed in the statements of women of other ages. For women aged 45 and over, children occupy a prominent place and for the older adults, the centrality of representation referred to self-censorship and maintaining the victim/guilty game. CONCLUSION: This study made it possible to identify processes of anchoring sexualities in terms of what 'cannot be revealed' beyond the family context. It should be noted that the elements 'sex', intercourse' conceived by common sense as a synonym for sexuality, regardless of generation, had low frequency.

Living with HIV: coping strategies of seropositive older adults.

OBJECTIVE: To identify HIV coping strategies among HIV-positive older adults. METHOD: An exploratory-descriptive study with a qualitative approach conducted with HIV-positive older adults in two HIV Specialized Care Services and using the Theory of Social Representations as a theoretical framework. A semi-structured interview technique was used, which was analyzed by the lexical analysis method using the IRAMUTEQ software program. RESULTS: Forty-eight (48) older adults participated in the study. The HIV coping strategies adopted by HIV-positive older adults are to cling to religiosity and spirituality, to adhere to treatment, to have institutional support from health professionals and support from social networks, especially family and friends, and to choose to maintain confidentiality of the diagnosis. CONCLUSION: HIV coping strategies, among other things, are configured for seropositive older adults as sources of empowerment, hope, possibility of life and acceptance.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Burnout Syndrome among Primary Health Care Nursing Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with Burnout Syndrome (BS) in Primary Health Care (PHC) nursing professionals from the state of Bahia, Brazil. A multicentre, cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in a cluster sample among 1125 PHC Nursing professionals during the years 2017 and 2018. We used a questionnaire that included sociodemographic, labor and lifestyle variables and the Maslach Burnout Inventory scale to identify BS. The associations were evaluated using a robust Poisson regression with the hierarchical selection of the independent variables. The prevalence of BS was 18.3% and the associated factors were ethnicity (prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.62, confidence interval (CI) 95% = 0.47-0.83), residence (PR = 2.35, CI 95% = 1.79-3.09), economic situation (PR = 1.40, CI 95% = 1.06-1.86), satisfaction with current occupation (PR = 1.75, CI 95% = 1.31-2.33), (PR = 1.60, CI 95% = 1.23-2.08), rest (PR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.41-2.37), technical resources and equipment (PR = 1.37, CI 95% = 1.06-1.77), night shift (PR = 1.49, CI 95% = 1.14-1.96), physical activity practice (PR = 1.72; CI 95% = 1.28-2.31), smoking (PR = 1.82, CI 95% = 1.35-2.45), and satisfaction with physical form (PR = 1.34, CI 95% = 1.01-179). Strategies are needed to prevent BS, with an emphasis on implementing worker health programs in the context of PHC.

The Brazilian Army nurses' uniforms: visual identity in World War II.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the symbolic effects of the official military uniform of the nurses from Brazilian Army in World War II. METHOD: This research was developed using the historical method, with iconographic sources. The data were discussed based on the concepts of the social world theory, by Pierre Bourdieu. RESULTS: The images selected demonstrate the own meaning of the uniforms, evidencing the functions and the social position of those who wear it, being private and obligatory to use it in the military field. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: In the case of the nurses from the Brazilian Expeditionary Force, the appropriation of uniforms promoted the visual communication representing military nurse in the context of war, at the same time it served for distinction purposes in the army, but not necessarily in the nursing field. Symbolically, they remained amongst the walls of the barracks even after the end of the war and, thus, they remained unknown and marked by the symbols of forgetfulness.

Representations and care practices of health professionals for people with HIV. / Representações e práticas de cuidado de profissionais de saúde às pessoas com HIV.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the social representations of health professionals regarding the care of people living with HIV. METHOD: A descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative approach in light of the Theory of Social Representations, carried out with health professionals. The semi-structured interview technique was used, which was analyzed using the lexical content analysis technique. RESULTS: Forty-six (46) professionals participated. The analyzed results reveal that the representations and care practices referred to by health professionals are technical, relational and organizational, ensuring the confidentiality of the diagnosis and taking care to develop embracement actions, provide guidance, clarification and emotional and psychological support, as well as being based on confidentiality, multi-professional care practice and addressing structural difficulties. CONCLUSION: It is important to encourage multiprofessional care for people living with HIV, so that professionals engage, develop critical thinking and are able to act in improving healthcare services.

Social representations of the elderly about HIV/AIDS.

OBJECTIVE: to understand the representational content about HIV/AIDS among seropositive elderly people. METHOD: a qualitative study carried out from April to May 2017, in the city of Recife/PE, with 48 seropositive elderly people, through a semi-structured interview. The Social Representations Theory was used as theoretical framework and the method of lexical analysis through IRAMUTEQ software. RESULTS: it was observed that the social representation of HIV is structured around the proximity of death and that it is a disease of restricted groups, leading to feelings of sadness. On the other hand, it is evident a transformation of the representation linked to the reified knowledge, leading to the process of naturalization of the disease. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: it is concluded that the elderly living with HIV, when they undergo a process of reframing about the disease, become more flexible to deal with their condition of seropositivity.

Metabolic Syndrome Among Primary Health Care Nursing Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study.

This research aims at evaluating prevalence and factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) in primary health care (PHC) nursing professionals. A multicenter, population-based and cross-sectional study was conducted in a team-tested sample of 1125 PHC nurses in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Sociodemographic, labor, lifestyle and human biology variables were investigated by mean of anamnesis. MS was evaluated according to the criteria of the first Brazilian Guideline for Metabolic Syndrome, which fully adopts the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III. MS-associated factors were tested by using robust Poisson Regression. The prevalence of MS found was 24.4%; low High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was the most prevalent component of the syndrome. In the multivariate analysis, physical inactivity (PR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.02-1.53), alcohol use (PR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.22-2.77), acanthosis nigricans (PR = 3.23, 95% CI = 2.65-3.92), burnout syndrome (PR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.17-1.81), (PR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.12-1.69), working as a nursing technician (PR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.14-1.80), were associated to MS. It was found that the prevalence of MS was high, which evidences the need for interventions in the PHC environment, improvement of working conditions, monitoring of worker safety and health, diet programs and physical activity.

Social representation of young people in higher education about sexually transmitted infections / Representación social de jóvenes en educación superior sobre las infecciones de transmisión sexual / Representação social de jovens da educação superior sobre infecções sexualmente transmissíveis

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the social representations about sexually transmitted infections elaborated by undergraduate students. Methods: a descriptive, qualitative study, in the light of the structural approach of Social Representation Theory, carried out with 160 young undergraduate students, in the second half of 2019, in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Data were collected using a sociodemographic characterization questionnaire, knowledge and practices for preventing sexually transmitted infections, analyzed using descriptive statistics and a form of free evocations with the inducing term STD, analyzed using prototypical and similarity analysis. Results: the representation's possible central nucleus is composed of lexicons aids, disease and HIV; the peripheral system by syphilis, sex, condoms, gonorrhea, prevention, infection, carelessness, HPV, herpes, ignorance, treatment, fear, unprotected-sex and danger. Final considerations: social thinking about sexually transmitted infections is characterized by their recognition as diseases, which require barrier prevention measures, associating with unsafe sexual practices that arouse fear.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las representaciones sociales sobre las infecciones de transmisión sexual elaboradas por estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, a la luz del enfoque estructural de la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales, realizado con 160 jóvenes universitarios, en el segundo semestre de 2019, en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante un cuestionario de caracterización sociodemográfica, conocimientos y prácticas para la prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual, analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y un formulario de evocaciones libres con el término inductor de ETS, analizados mediante análisis prototípico y de similitud. Resultados: el posible núcleo central de la representación está compuesto por los léxicos sida, enfermedad y VIH; el sistema periférico, por sífilis, sexo, condones, gonorrea, prevención, infección, descuido, VPH, herpes, desconocimiento, tratamiento, miedo, sexo sin protección y peligro. Consideraciones finales: el pensamiento social sobre las infecciones de transmisión sexual se caracteriza por su reconocimiento como enfermedades que requierendo medidas de prevención de barrera, se asociando a prácticas sexuales inseguras que despiertan miedo.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as representações sociais sobre as infecções sexualmente transmissíveis elaboradas por jovens universitários. Métodos: estudo descritivo, qualitativo, à luz da abordagem estrutural da Teoria das Representações Sociais, realizado com 160 jovens universitários, no segundo semestre de 2019, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram coletados por questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica, conhecimentos e práticas de prevenção das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, analisados pela estatística descritiva e por formulário de evocações livres com o termo indutor DST, analisadas pela análise prototípica e de similitude. Resultados: o possível núcleo central da representação é composto pelos léxicos aids, doença e HIV; o sistema periférico, por sífilis, sexo, camisinha, gonorreia, prevenção, infecção, descuido, HPV, herpes, desconhecimento, tratamento, medo, sexo-sem-proteção e perigo. Considerações finais: o pensamento social sobre as infecções sexualmente transmissíveis caracteriza-se pelo seu reconhecimento como doenças que requerem medidas de prevenção de barreira, e associam-se a práticas sexuais inseguras que despertam medo.

Social representation of spiritual surgeries in Umbanda: culture, religion and contributions of nursing theory / Representación social de las cirugías espirituales en Umbanda: cultura, religión y aportes de la teoría de enfermería / Representação social das cirurgias espirituais na Umbanda: cultura, religião e contribuições da teoria de enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the social representation of spiritual surgeries in Umbanda for Bantu-Amerindian ritual mediums and their contributions to the cross-cultural care proposed by Madeleine Leininger. Methods: a descriptive-exploratory, qualitative study, supported by the procedural approach of Social Representation Theory and Transcultural Nursing Theory, carried out with 30 Umbanda mediums of the Bantu-Amerindian ritual through interviews, submitted to the Iramuteq software for lexical analysis. Results: mostly women, white, with an average of 46 years old and approximately 14 years of practice in Umbanda participated. The social representation of spiritual surgeries in Umbanda is objectified and anchored through a biomedical vision of care, encompassing a set of beliefs, values and practices as religious treatments, through faith, whose main objective is healing. Final considerations: spiritual surgeries are a form of transcultural care, according to Madeleine Leininger's propositions, as they integrate the culture of a group through health care in Umbanda.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la representación social de las cirugías espirituales en Umbanda para médiums rituales bantú-amerindios y sus aportes al cuidado transcultural propuesto por Madeleine Leininger. Métodos: estudio descriptivo-exploratorio, cualitativo, sustentado en el enfoque procedimental de la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales y la Teoría del Cuidado Transcultural, realizado con 30 médiums Umbanda del ritual Bantú-Amerindio a través de entrevistas, sometidos al software Iramuteq para análisis léxico. Resultados: participaron en su mayoría mujeres, blancas, con una edad promedio de 46 años y aproximadamente 14 años de práctica en Umbanda. La representación social de las cirugías espirituales en Umbanda se objetiva y ancla a través de una visión biomédica del cuidado, englobando un conjunto de creencias, valores y prácticas como tratamientos religiosos, a través de la fe, cuyo principal objetivo es la sanación. Consideraciones finales: las cirugías espirituales son una forma de cuidado transcultural según las proposiciones de Madeleine Leininger, en tanto integran la cultura de un grupo a través del cuidado de la salud en Umbanda.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a representação social das cirurgias espirituais na Umbanda para médiuns do ritual bantu-ameríndio e suas contribuições para o cuidado transcultural proposto por Madeleine Leininger. Métodos: estudo descritivo-exploratório, qualitativo, apoiado na abordagem processual da Teoria das Representações Sociais e na Teoria do Cuidado Transcultural, realizado com 30 médiuns umbandistas do ritual bantu-ameríndio por meio de entrevistas, submetidas ao software Iramuteq para análise lexical. Resultados: participaram, majoritariamente, mulheres, brancas, na média dos 46 anos e aproximadamente 14 anos de prática na Umbanda. A representação social das cirurgias espirituais na Umbanda é objetivada e ancorada mediante uma visão biomédica do cuidado, englobando um conjunto de crenças, valores e práticas enquanto tratamentos religiosos, por meio da fé, cujo objetivo principal é a cura. Considerações finais: cirurgias espirituais são uma forma de cuidado transcultural, segundo proposições de Madeleine Leininger, por integrarem a cultura de um grupo através dos cuidados em saúde na Umbanda.

[The facets of "touching", "staying" and "dating": social representations of relationships among adolescents]. / "Pegar", "ficar" e "namorar": representações sociais de relacionamentos entre adolescentes.

This study aimed at describing and analyzing the different forms of interpersonal relationships among adolescents. Social representations approach was adopted as the theoretical-methodological reference. Subjects were 130 adolescent and data collection was accomplished with focal groups, in 19 encounters, from March to June 2004. A analysis was accomplished with software Alceste. Results revealed the distribution of the contents in six categories and the different forms of relationships were identified in class 1, by recognizing three types: "touching", "staying" and "dating". It is concluded that adolescents experiment a tension between the attractions exercised by freedom (touching/staying) and by affectivity (dating). It was also highlighted the social fluidity both adolescence, so that those, modifying the intensity/modality of relationships along short periods of time.

Quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS: temporal, socio-demographic and perceived health relationship.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS and its relationship with sociodemographic variables, health satisfaction and time since diagnosis. METHOD: quantitative, cross-sectional study with a sample of 100 HIV positive people monitored in a specialized service in southeastern Brazil. Sociodemographic and health forms were applied, followed by the WHOQOL-HIV BREF, a short form instrument validated to evaluate the quality of life. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: the perception of quality of life was intermediate in all quality of life domains. A relationship was identified between greater satisfaction with health and better quality of life, as well as statistically significant differences among the dimensions of quality of life according to gender, employment status, family income, personal income, religious beliefs and time since diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: the time since the diagnosis of HIV infection enables reconfigurations in the perception of quality of life, while spirituality and social relationships can assist in coping with living with this disease.

Representações sociais de adultos soropositivos sobre vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana e Aids / Social representations of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus among HIV-positive adults / Representaciones sociales de adultos VIH positivos sobre el Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana

Objetivo: identificar as representações sociais de adultos soropositivos acerca do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) e da Aids. Método: pesquisa de campo, do tipo exploratório-descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, fundamentada na Teoria das Representações Sociais, realizada de 2017 a 2018, na cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, aplicados 129 questionários de evocações livres com adultos vivendo com HIV e 30 entrevistas semiestruturadas. Utilizou-se da análise prototípica e lexical. Resultados: observaram-se conteúdos representacionais atrelados ao início da epidemia, como preconceito e morte, refletindo sobre a base histórica destes, como conteúdos relacionados a uma perspectiva de normalidade da doença. Conclusão: demonstrou-se existência de processo de mudança nas representações, inicialmente ligadas à morte, porém, posteriormente, visão de normalidade, provavelmente como consequência da convivência com a doença, por meio do novo contexto que possibilita maior sobrevida.

Objective: to identify the social representations of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) among HIV-positive adults. Method: exploratory-descriptive field research, with a qualitative approach, based on the Theory of Social Representations, carried out from 2017 to 2018, in the city of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, applied 129 questionnaires of free evocations with adults living with HIV and 30 semi-structured interviews. Prototypical and lexical analysis was used. Results: Results: we observed representational contents linked to the beginning of the epidemic, such as prejudice and death, reflecting on their historical basis, as well as contents related to a perspective of normality of the disease. Conclusion: it was demonstrated the existence of a process of change in the representations, initially linked to death, but later, a view of normality, probably as a consequence of living with the disease, through the new context that allows greater survival.

Objetivo: identificar las representaciones sociales de adultos VIH positivos sobre el Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH) y el Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida (SIDA). Método: investigación de campo exploratoria-descriptiva, con enfoque cualitativo, basada en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales, realizada de 2017 a 2018, en la ciudad de Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil; se aplicaron 129 cuestionarios de evocaciones libres con adultos que viven con VIH además de 30 entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se utilizó análisis prototípico y de léxico. Resultados: se observaron contenidos representacionales vinculados al inicio de la epidemia, como el prejuicio y la muerte, reflexionando sobre su base histórica, así como contenidos relacionados con una perspectiva de normalidad de la enfermedad. Conclusión: se demostró la existencia de un proceso de cambio en las representaciones, inicialmente ligado a la muerte, pero luego, una visión de normalidad, probablemente como consecuencia de vivir con la enfermedad, a través del nuevo contexto que permite una mayor supervivencia.

Fatores que influenciam o uso inadequado do preservativo na perspetiva de jovens universitários / Factors influencing condom misuse from the perspective of young university students / Factores que influyen en el uso inadecuado del preservativo desde la perspectiva de los jóvenes universitarios

Resumo Enquadramento: O comportamento de risco sexual de jovens relacionado com as infeções sexualmente transmissíveis envolve o início da vida sexual, variabilidade de parceiros, práticas casuais, (des)uso de preservativos e consumo de substâncias psicoativas. Objetivo: Identificar os fatores que influenciam o uso inadequado do preservativo na perspetiva de jovens universitários. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, qualitativo, realizado numa universidade privada carioca brasileira com 30 jovens universitários, que integraram três grupos focais. Análise de dados utilizando a técnica de análise lexical e do IRaMuTeQ. Resultados: Emergiram cinco classes, entre elas: o uso de álcool como determinante do comportamento de risco; uso inadequado de preservativos, associado ao risco de infeção; pouca informação sobre a prevenção dessas doenças; e uso de preservativos. Nas práticas sexuais, os participantes faziam uso descontinuado do preservativo e preocupavam-se mais com a ocorrência de uma gravidez não planeada. Conclusão: A assunção dos comportamentos sexuais de risco pelos universitários denota vulnerabilidades nos âmbitos individual-social evidenciando-se a necessidade de se desenvolver estratégias efetivas de educação para a saúde e de intervenções terapêuticas.

Abstract Background: The sexual risk-taking behaviors of young people regarding Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are associated with sexual debut, partner variability, casual sex activities, (lack of) use of condoms, and substance abuse. Objective: To identify the factors influencing condom misuse from the perspective of young university students. Methodology: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted at a private university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with 30 young university students participating in three focus groups. Data were analyzed using the lexical analysis technique and IRaMuTeQ software. Results: The following five classes emerged: alcohol use as a determinant of risky behaviors; condom misuse associated with the risk of infection; lack of information on STI prevention; and condom use. Participants reported using condoms inconsistently and being more concerned about the occurrence of an unplanned pregnancy. Conclusion: University students' sexual risk-taking behaviors reveal individual and social vulnerabilities and highlight the need to develop efficient health education and therapeutic interventions strategies.

Resumen Marco contextual: El comportamiento sexual de riesgo de los jóvenes relacionado con las infecciones de transmisión sexual implica el inicio de la vida sexual, la variabilidad de las parejas, las prácticas casuales, el (no) uso de preservativos y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Objetivo: Identificar los factores que influyen en el uso inadecuado del preservativo desde la perspectiva de los jóvenes universitarios. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo y cualitativo, realizado en una universidad privada de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, con 30 jóvenes universitarios que participaron en tres grupos focales. El análisis de datos se llevó a cabo mediante la técnica del análisis léxico y del IRAMUTEC. Resultados: Surgieron cinco clases, entre ellas, el consumo de alcohol como determinante del comportamiento de riesgo; el uso inadecuado del preservativo, asociado al riesgo de infección; la poca información sobre la prevención de estas enfermedades, y el uso del preservativo. En las prácticas sexuales, los participantes hacían un uso discontinuo del preservativo y se mostraban más preocupados por la aparición de un embarazo no planificado. Conclusión: La adopción de conductas sexuales de riesgo por parte de los estudiantes universitarios denota vulnerabilidades en el ámbito individual y social, lo que pone de manifiesto la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias eficaces de educación sanitaria e intervenciones terapéuticas.

Representação social da qualidade de vida de pessoas com HIV residentes em municípios de pequeno porte / Social representation of quality of life among people with HIV residing in small towns / Representación social de la calidad de vida de las personas con VIH residentes en pequeños municípios

Objetivo: compreender a representação social da qualidade de vida de pessoas que vivem com HIV/Aids residentes em municípios de pequeno porte do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Método: estudo descritivo, qualitativo, apoiado na Teoria das Representações Sociais, em sua abordagem estrutural. Participaram 80 pessoas vivendo com HIV. Os dados foram coletados por questionário e evocação livre de palavras. Resultado: a análise prototípica evidenciou que os conteúdos centrais da representação social são: boa alimentação, saúde e estado psicológico, expressando as dimensões corporal, processo saúde-doença e psicológica. A análise de similitude retratou que os elementos com maior conexão são boa alimentação, atividade física e lazer. Conclusão: o estudo permitiu compreender a representação social da qualidade de vida e, ainda, colocou em destaque as dimensões nas quais os participantes se apoiam na busca por esta qualidade. É relevante por propiciar a adequação de serviços de apoio interdisciplinares a esta clientela.

Objective: to understand social representations of quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS living in small towns in Rio de Janeiro State. Method: this qualitative, descriptive study of 80 people living with HIV was supported by the structural approach of Social Representations Theory. Data were collected by sociodemographic questionnaire and free word evocation. Result: prototype analysis showed that the core contents of the social representation were: good food, health, and psychological state, expressing the body, health-disease, and psychological process dimensions. Similarity analysis showed that the most strongly connected elements were good food, physical activity, and leisure. Conclusion: the study made it possible to understand participants' social representations of quality of life and also highlighted the dimensions on which they relied in striving for that quality. It was important in fostering alignment by interdisciplinary support services for this clientele.

Objetivo: comprender la representación social de la calidad de vida de personas que viven con el VIH/SIDA residentes en pequeñas ciudades del estado de Río de Janeiro. Método: estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, apoyado en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales, en su enfoque estructural. Participaron 80 personas que viven con el VIH. Se recogieron los datos a través de un cuestionario y de técnica de evocación libre de palabras. Resultado: el análisis prototípico mostró que los contenidos centrales de la representación social son: buena alimentación, salud y estado psicológico, expresando las dimensiones corporales, salud-enfermedad y psicológica. El análisis de similitud mostró que los elementos con mayor conexión son la buena alimentación, la actividad física y el ocio. Conclusión: el estudio permitió comprender la representación social de la calidad de vida y también destacó las dimensiones en las que se basan los participantes al buscar esta calidad. Es relevante para brindar la adecuación de los servicios de apoyo interdisciplinarios a esta clientela.