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ABSTRACT: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease that can present a wide variety of clinical and histopathological manifestations. We present the case of a 75-year-old patient with a persistent maculopapular rash on the trunk and extremities, in which the biopsy showed an exclusively perifollicular granulomatous infiltrate. In the immunohistochemical staining with anti-Treponema pallidum antibodies, spirochetes scattered within the perifollicular inflammatory infiltrate were identified. These findings together with the serological analysis allowed the diagnosis of secondary syphilis. Folliculotropic nonalopecic syphilis is rare, and the pathogenic mechanisms that cause this specific tropism are unknown. On the other hand, granulomatous inflammation is a pattern typically described in tertiary syphilis but also occasionally found in secondary syphilis. We present a case of secondary syphilis with the combination of both histopathological findings, an uncommon constellation for dermatopathologists to consider.
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OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of menstrual pain among women of reproductive age and its impact on their daily lives and professional responsibilities. METHODS: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in July and August 2022. Phone interviews were carried out using a random system to select women aged between 15 and 49 years old. The questionnaire included sociodemographic variables, contraception method used, characteristics of the menstrual pattern (pain and bleeding amount), its influence on their working life, and if they would need to resort to sick leaves due to the impairments arising from the menstrual symptoms. RESULTS: A total of 1800 women representative of the Spanish population took part in this study. 72.6% of them report menstrual pain, with 45.9% requiring medication. 35.9% identify their menstrual bleeding as intense or very intense. 38.8% assert that menstrual discomforts affect their everyday life. 34.3% would have required not attending their work activities or having requested sick leave due to the discomforts, although only 17.3% of the women finally requested so, mainly because 58.4% considered that it might imply consequences in their professional environment, especially those with Higher Education. The women who report more discomfort are the youngest ones and those who resort to condoms as a contraceptive method (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Menstrual pain is a prevalent problem among women of reproductive age and can affect their everyday life and professional environment, requiring work leaves on some occasions.
This study is a starting point to know the prevalence of menstrual discomforts among Spanish women of reproductive age and their effect on the professional environment, to enable an assessment of the possible impact of the menstrual leave legislation recently implemented in Spain.
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Atividades Cotidianas , Dismenorreia , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dismenorreia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Absenteísmo , MenstruaçãoRESUMO
High levels of parenting stress have been detected in mothers of children with Autism (ASD) and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comparing with mothers of typically developing (TD) children. The current study explored the implications of social support (confidant and affective support) and child characteristics (emotional, behavioral and sleep problems) on parenting stress in ASD and ADHD. Furthermore, the differences between mothers of children with autism, ADHD and TD on the studied variables were examined.A total of 120 mothers of 30 TD children, 47 with ASD without intellectual disability and 43 with ADHD collaborated in the study. Significant differences were found between clinical and TD groups in parenting stress, social support, and child characteristics.Correlation analysis in the group with ADHD revealed that parental stress correlated significantly with social support and with children's emotional problems. In the ASD group, parental stress also correlated significantly with children's sleep and behavioral problems. Moreover, multiple regressions showed that confidant support was a significant predictor of parenting stress in both clinical groups.The findings provide new insights to consider social support as a fundamental part of treatments for parenting stress in mothers of children with ASD and ADHD.
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The BioPhorum Development Group is an industry collaboration enabling the sharing of common practices for the development of biopharmaceuticals. Bioassays are an important part of an analytical control system. Utilization of ready-to-use cells can increase operational flexibility and improve efficiency by providing frozen cell banks uniform stock while removing challenges associated with maintaining cultured cells. The BioPhorum Development Group-Bioassay workstream conducted an intercompany benchmarking survey and group discussions around the use of ready-to-use cells for bioassays. The results of the collaboration provide alignment on nomenclature, production, qualification and implementation of ready-to-use cells to support the assay life cycle.
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Produtos Biológicos , Bioensaio/métodosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients may present acute malnutrition which could influence morbidity and mortality. In the first wave of the pandemic severe weight loss was observed in many hospitalized patients. This pilot study evaluates the usefulness of an electronic automatized alarm for the early quantification of a low food intake as a predictor of the risk of malnutrition using COVID-19 disease as a model of severe illness. METHODS: Observational prospective nutritional screening with a daily automatized warning message to the Endocrinology and Nutrition Service provided by the Information Systems. All adult patients admitted for COVID-19 from November 2020 to February 2021 were included. When diet intake was <50% during consecutive 48h, an automated message was generated identifying the patient as "at nutritional risk (NR)" and additional specialist nutritional evaluation and therapy was performed within the next 24h. RESULTS: 205 patients out of 1176 (17.4%) were detected by automatized alarm and were considered as presenting high NR; 100% were concordant by the validated nutritional screening SNAQ. Nutritional support after detection was: 77.6% dietary adaptation+oral supplements; 9.3% enteral nutrition (EN); 1.5% parenteral nutrition (PN); 1% EN+PN and 10.7% no intervention is performed due to an end-of-life situation. Median weight loss during admission was 2.5kg (p25 0.25-p75: 6kg). Global mortality was 6.7% while in those detected by automatized alarm was 31.5%. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of an electronic NR screening tool was feasible and allowed the early nutritional assessment and intervention in COVID-19 hospitalized patients and can be useful in patients hospitalized for other pathologies.
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COVID-19 , Desnutrição , Adulto , Humanos , Avaliação Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Estudos Prospectivos , Projetos Piloto , Nutrição Enteral , Desnutrição/diagnóstico , Desnutrição/etiologia , Desnutrição/terapia , Redução de PesoRESUMO
Objective. The study sought to correlate fear, stress, knowledge regarding COVID-19 in Nursing students and recent graduates in Mexico. Methods. Correlational design, sample comprising 912 nursing students and graduates during the last 18 months from public and private universities of Mexico. To measure the variables, the study applied the instrument Fear of COVID-19 Scale, knowledge subscale of the scale Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19, and the instrument COVID Stress Scale. Results. Relationship was found of the age variable with fear, danger of contamination, traumatic stress, knowledge and minor socioeconomic consequences (p<0.05). Likewise, relationship was observed of fear with stress regarding COVID-19, danger of contamination, socioeconomic consequences, xenophobia, traumatic stress, and compulsive checking (p<0.05). Stress and knowledge explain the presence of fear regarding COVID-19 in 50.3%, and fear and knowledge explain stress regarding COVID-19 in 50.4%. Conclusion. Nursing students and recent graduates have high levels of stress and fear, besides low level of knowledge. The presence of high stress and low knowledge predict fear regarding COVID-19. Interventions are required on knowledge, stress, and fear regarding COVID-19 in the population studied.
Objetivo. Correlacionar el temor, estrés, conocimientos frente al COVID-19 en estudiantes y recién egresados de enfermería en México. Métodos. Diseño correlacional, muestra constituida por 912 estudiantes de enfermería y egresados en los últimos 18 meses de universidades públicas y privadas de México. Para medir las variables se aplicó el instrumento Fear of COVID-19 Scale, subescala de conocimientos de la escala Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19, y el instrumento COVID Stress Scale. Resultados. Se encontró relación de la variable edad con temor, peligro de contaminación, estrés traumático, conocimientos y menores consecuencias socioeconómicas (p<0.05). De igual forma, se observó relación del temor con estrés ante el COVID-19, peligro de contaminación, consecuencias socioeconómicas, xenofobia, estrés traumático, y comprobación compulsiva (p<0.05). El estrés y los conocimientos explican la presencia del temor ante el COVID-19 en un 50.3 %, así como el temor y conocimiento explican el estrés ante el COVID-19 en un 50.4 %. Conclusión. Los estudiantes y recién egresados de enfermería tienen altos niveles de estrés y temor, además de bajo nivel de conocimientos. La presencia de alto estrés y bajos conocimientos predicen el temor ante del COVID-19. Se requieren intervenciones sobre los conocimientos, estrés y temor ante el covid-19 en la población estudiada
Objetivo. Correlacionar medo, estresse, conhecimento contra COVID-19 em estudantes e recém-formados em enfermagem no México. Métodos. Desenho correlacional, amostra composta por 912 estudantes e graduados de enfermagem nos últimos 18 meses de universidades públicas e privadas do México. Para mensurar as variáveis, foram aplicados o instrumento Escala de Medo do COVID-19, a subescala Conhecimento da escala Conhecimento, atitudes e práticas em relação ao COVID-19 e o instrumento Escala de Estresse COVID. Resultados. Foi encontrada relação entre a variável idade e medo, perigo de contaminação, estresse traumático, conhecimento e menores consequências socioeconômicas (p<0.05). Da mesma forma, foi observada relação entre medo e estresse frente ao COVID-19, perigo de contaminação, consequências socioeconômicas, xenofobia, estresse traumático e verificação compulsiva (p<0.05). O estresse e o conhecimento explicam a presença do medo do COVID-19 em 50.3%, assim como o medo e o conhecimento explicam o estresse do COVID-19 em 50.4%. Conclusão. Estudantes de enfermagem e recém-formados apresentam altos níveis de estresse e medo, bem como baixo nível de conhecimento sobre o COVID-19. A presença de alto estresse e baixo conhecimento prediz medo de COVID-19. Se faz necessário intervenções sobre o conhecimento, estresse e medo de covid-19 na população estudada.
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Humanos , Estresse Psicológico , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Infecções por Coronavirus , Conhecimento , Medo , Pandemias , Enfermeiras e EnfermeirosRESUMO
Abstract Experiencing meaning in life (MiL) and psychological well-being (PWB) is an important developmental task in emerging adulthood, perhaps more than in any other period in life due to its transitional character and to the nature of its features, in Western societies. This study analyzes the relationship between MiL and PWB, as well as the differences in PWB according to the level of MiL (lack of meaning, indefinite meaning, and presence of meaning), in a sample of 333 Spanish emerging adults (224 women, 109 men), age ranged from 17 to 26 years, M = 21.06, SD = 2.23. Both Spanish versions of the Purpose-In-Life Test and the Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-Being were used. The Spearman's coefficient of correlation showed a positive, significant relationship between MiL and PWB (global and dimensions). The Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences in PWB between lack of meaning, indefinite meaning, and presence of meaning groups, except in Autonomy, in which only the difference between the presence of meaning group and the indefinite meaning group was significant. MiL is associated to the cognitive, emotional, and motivational aspects that directly point to PWB: positive self-worth and self-acceptance, perception and experience of freedom, responsibility and self-determination, positive view of both life as a whole and future, purpose and commitment of significant existential goals, self-trascendence and opening up to the others, integrative but not resigned coping of the adversity, life satisfaction, and self-realization.
Resumo Sentir que a vida tem sentido e experimentar bem-estar psicológico são uma importante tarefa evolutiva na idade adulta emergente, talvez mais que em qualquer outra etapa evolutiva, devido a seu caráter transicional e a suas características nas sociedades ocidentais. Neste estudo, analisam-se as relações entre sentido de vida e bem-estar psicológico, bem como as diferenças em bem-estar psicológico em função do nível de sentido de vida (vazio existencial, indefinição de sentido e experiência de sentido) numa amostra de 333 adultos emergentes espanhóis (224 mulheres e 109 homens) com idade entre 17 e 26 anos (M=21.06, DT=2.23). Como instrumentos, foram utilizadas versões espanholas do teste Purpose-In-Life e das Escalas de Bem-estar Psicológico de Ryff. Como resultado, o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman mostrou uma relação positiva e significativa entre sentido de vida e bem-estar psicológico (global e dimensões), enquanto o teste de Kruskal-Wallis mostrou diferenças significativas em bem-estar psicológico entre os grupos de vazio existencial, indefinição de sentido e experiência de sentido, exceto na dimensão de Autonomia, na qual somente foi significativa a diferença entre experiência de sentido e indefinição de sentido. O sentido de vida se relacionou com os aspectos cognitivos, emocionais e motivacionais que apontam diretamente ao bem-estar subjetivo, isto é: autovalorização positiva e autoaceitação, percepção e experiência de liberdade, responsabilidade e autodeterminação, visão positiva da vida como um todo e do futuro, propósito e compromisso com metas existenciais importantes, autotranscedência e abertura aos demais, enfrentamento integrador, mas não resignado, da adversidade, satisfação vital e autorrealização.
Resumen Sentir que la vida tiene sentido y experimentar bienestar psicológico son una importante tarea evolutiva en la adultez emergente, quizá más que en cualquier otra etapa evolutiva, debido a su carácter transicional y a sus características en las sociedades occidentales. En este estudio se analizan las relaciones entre sentido de la vida y bienestar psicológico, así como las diferencias en bienestar psicológico en función del nivel de sentido de vida (vacío existencial, indefinición de sentido y experiencia de sentido) en una muestra de 333 adultos emergentes españoles (224 mujeres y 109 hombres) con edades entre 17 y 26 años, M = 21.06, DT = 2.23. Como instrumentos, se utilizaron versiones españolas del test Purpose-In-Life y de las Escalas de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff. Como resultado, el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman mostró una relación positiva y significativa entre sentido de vida y bienestar psicológico (global y dimensiones), mientras que el test de Kruskal-Wallis mostró diferencias significativas en bienestar psicológico entre los grupos de vacío existencial, indefinición de sentido y experiencia de sentido, excepto en la dimensión de Autonomía, en la cual solo fue significativa la diferencia entre experiencia de sentido e indefinición de sentido. El sentido de vida se relacionó con los aspectos cognitivos, emocionales y motivacionales que apuntan directamente al bienestar subjetivo, es decir: autovaloración positiva y autoaceptación, percepción y experiencia de libertad, responsabilidad y autodeterminación, visión positiva de la vida como un todo y del futuro, propósito y compromiso con metas existenciales importantes, autotrascendencia y apertura a los demás, afrontamiento integrativo pero no resignado de la adversidad, y satisfacción vital y autorrealización.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Propriocepção , Seguridade Social , ExistencialismoRESUMO
Objective. This work sought to determine the association between personal factors and not drinking alcoholic beverages in alcohol-dependent individuals on recovery process. Methods. This was a cross-sectional quantitative study. The sample was comprised by 119 adult belonging to 50 Alcoholics Anonymous groups in Saltillo, Coahuila (Mexico). The sampling was simple random, by conglomerates (AA groups). To gather the information, a Personal Data Card was used along with a history on alcohol consumption and the instruments Scale on Social Readjustment Classification, Spiritual Perspective Scale, Schwartz Values Survey, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Results. The time without alcohol consumption was related positively with age (r=0.59) and spirituality (r=0.29) and negatively with stressful events (r=-0.31). The Multiple Linear Regression Model explained 32.5% of the variance, with age being the variable remaining in the model and which affected not drinking alcoholic beverages. Conclusion. Values and spirituality favor not drinking alcoholic beverages in individuals in the process of recovering from the dependence, while exposure to stressful events increases vulnerability to alcohol consumption. (AU)
Objetivo. Determinar la asociación entre los factores personales y el no consumo de alcohol en personas dependientes en proceso de recuperación. Métodos. Estudio cuantitativo, de corte transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 119 adultos pertenecientes a los 50 grupos de Alcohólicos Anónimos de Saltillo, Coahuila (México). El muestreo fue aleatorio simple, por conglomerados (grupos AA). Para la recolección de la información se utilizó una Cédula de Datos Personales e Historial de Consumo de Alcohol y los instrumentos Escala de Clasificación de Reajuste Social, Escala de Perspectiva Espiritual, Cuestionario de Valores Schwarts y Cuestionario de Identificación de los Trastornos debidos al Consumo Alcohol (AUDIT). Resultados. El tiempo sin consumo de alcohol se relacionó en forma positiva con la edad (r=0.59) y con la espiritualidad (r=0.29) y en forma negativa con los eventos estresantes (r=-0.31). El Modelo de Regresión Lineal Múltiple explicó el 32.5% de la varianza, siendo la edad la variable que se mantuvo en el modelo y tuvo efecto sobre el no consumo de alcohol. Conclusión. Los valores y la espiritualidad favorecen el no consumo de alcohol en las personas en proceso de recuperación de su dependencia, mientras que la exposición a eventos estresantes aumenta la vulnerabilidad al consumo. (AU)
Objetivo. Determinar a associação entre os fatores pessoais e o não consumo de álcool em pessoas dependentes de álcool em processo de recuperação. Métodos. Estudo quantitativo, de corte transversal. A amostra esteve conformada por 119 adultos pertencentes aos 50 grupos de Alcoólicos Anônimos de Saltillo, Coahuila (México). A amostragem foi aleatória simples, por conglomerados (grupos AA). Para a recolecção da informação se utilizou uma Cédula de Dados Pessoais e Historial de Consumo de Álcool e os instrumentos Escala de Classificação de Reajuste Social, Escala de Perspectiva Espiritual, Questionário de Valores Schwarts e Questionário de Identificação dos Transtornos devidos ao Consumo Álcool (AUDIT). Resultados. O tempo sem consumo de álcool se relacionou em forma positiva com a idade (r=0.59) e com a espiritualidade (r=0.29) e em forma negativa com os eventos estressantes (r=-0.31). O Modelo de Regressão Lineal Múltiplo explicou 32.5% da variação, sendo a idade a variável que se manteve no modelo e teve efeito sobre o não consumo de álcool. Conclusão. Os valores e a espiritualidade favorecem o não consumo de álcool nas pessoas em processo de recuperação da dependência, enquanto que a exposição a eventos estressantes aumenta a vulnerabilidade ao consumo. (AU)
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Humanos , Valores Sociais , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Modelos Lineares , Inquéritos e Questionários , Espiritualidade , Alcoólicos AnônimosRESUMO
Actinomicosis, causada por Actinomyces spp bacilo gram positivo, inmóvil, sin cápsula, anaerobio o anaerobio facultativo, forma parte de la flora nativa de la boca, ubicado en amígdalas, encías o boca de casi todas las personas. Generalmente se manifiesta después de un traumatismo, cirugía dental o proceso infeccioso. Las formas clínicas más frecuentemente observadas son: cérvico-facial, torácica y abdominal y rara vez en otras regiones. En el presente caso, se reporta a un paciente con cuadro clínico de aproximadamente un año de evolución, presentando dolor, inflamación y secreción amarillenta a nivel de rodilla izquierda. Al realizarse los estudios pertinentes, se identificó la presencia de infección por Actinomyces, ante la gravedad del caso el tratamiento se realizó con abordaje quirúrgico y antibióticoterapia prolongada (beta-lactámicos).
Actinomicosis caused by Actinomyces spp Bacillus gram positive, immobile, without capsule, anaerobic or anaerobic physician, part of the native flora of the mouth, located in tonsils, gums or mouth of almost all the persons. Generally it shows after a traumatism, dental surgery or infectious process. The clinical forms more frequently observed are: cérvico-facial, thoracic and abdominal and rarely in other regions. In the present case, it's reported a patient with approximately a year of evolution, with pain, inflammation and yellowish secretion of left knee. On the medical studies, the presence of infection by Actinomyces was identified, because of bad evolution the treatment was: surgical boarding and antibiotic terapy (Beta - lactamics).
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El objetivo de este trabajo fue examinar la estructura factorial y la consistencia interna de la versión española del Purpose-In-Life Test, instrumento que mide el logro de sentido de la vida desde los supuestos de la logoterapia. En el estudio participaron 457 universitarios españoles (320 mujeres, 137 hombres) de 18 a 55 años de edad, Μ = 21.80, DE = 4.56. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y correlaciones entre los ítems y el total de la escala inicial, un análisis factorial exploratorio, la estimación de la consistencia interna de los factores y de la escala obtenida, el análisis factorial confirmatorio de la misma, la prueba t para comparación de medias entre mujeres y hombres y la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para el efecto de la edad. Los resultados mostraron una estructura de dos factores correlacionados con aceptable consistencia interna de la escala y de los factores, diferencias significativas entre mujeres y hombres en la puntuación total y uno de los factores, y no significativas en función de la edad. El análisis factorial confirmatorio muestra un adecuado ajuste, apoyando el modelo propuesto.
The main objective of this study was to examine the factorial structure and the internal consistency of a Spanish version of Purpose-In-Life Test, which measures the achievement of meaning in life from logotherapy assumptions. Participated 457 Spanish undergraduates (320 females, 137 males) ages 18 to 55 Μ = 21.8, SD = 4.56. Estatistical analysis included the descriptive statistics and the correlations of initial scale, an exploratory factor analysis, the internal consistency of the scale and the factors resulting from the factor analysis, a confirmatory factor analysis of resulting scale, and the analysis of the effect due to the gender and the age. Results of exploratory factor analysis showed two correlated factors with acceptable internal consistency, significant differences between women and men in the total score and one of the factors, but not significant depending on the age. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a proper adjustment, supporting the proposed model.
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Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Se analizan las relaciones entre la orientación religiosa y el Sentido de la Vida en una muestra de 180 universitarios españoles (rango de edad 1855, Μ = 22.91, DE = 6.71), medidos a través de versiones españolas de la Religious Orientation Scale y del Purpose-in-Life Test, respectivamente. De ser cierta la concepción de Batson y Ventis de que la orientación de Búsqueda es madura y flexible, mientras que la Intrínseca es dogmática y acrítica, debería ser aquella la que se relacionara de manera más positiva con el Sentido de la Vida. Contrariamente a esto, los resultados confirman lo obtenido en investigaciones anteriores, siendo la orientación Intrínseca la que explica el mayor porcentaje de la varianza de Sentido de la Vida. Esto cuestiona el planteamiento de Batson y Ventis, y plantea la posibilidad de que las convicciones religiosas intrínsecas sean una fuente de sentido.
This paper analyzes the relationship between religious orientation and Meaning in Life, in a sample of 180 Spanish undergraduates (age range 18-55, Μ = 22.91, SD = 6.71), measured by means of both Spanish versions of the Religious Orientation Scale and the Purpose-In-Life Test, respectively. The starting point is the Batson and Ventis' conception that the Quest orientation is mature and flexible, but the Intrinsic orientation is dogmatic and uncritical. If it is so, the Quest orientation should be related more positively to meaning in life. Our results indicate that the Intrinsic orientation, but not Quest, explains a higher percentage of the variance of the Meaning in Life, confirming the results obtained in previous research. Batson and Ventis' approach is questioned, and it raises the possibility that intrinsic religious convictions are a source of meaning.
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Psicometria/estatística & dados numéricos , MotivaçãoRESUMO
This study examines the predictive role of meaning in life and gender-specific differences on psychological well-being of 226 Spanish undergraduates (87 men, 38.5%; 139 women, 61.5%) ranging in age from 17 to 25 years, M = 21.08, SD = 2.18. Measures included both the Spanish adaptations of the Crumbaugh and Maholic's Purpose-In -Life Test and the Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-Being. The hypothesis stated that meaning in life would predict psychological well-being and that women would reach a higher score in several dimensions of psychological well-being. Statistical analysis included simple linear regressions, and a t-test. Results showed that: (1) meaning in life was a significant predictor variable of psychological well-being, especially of global psychological well-being, self-acceptance, purpose in life, and environmental mastery; and (2) women reached a higher score, statistically significant, in global psychological well-being, environmental mastery, personal growth and purpose in life. Findings were discussed in the light of previous researches.
Se examinaron el papel predictivo del Sentido de la Vida y las diferencias en función del género en el Bienestar Psicológico en un grupo de 226 estudiantes universitarios españoles (87 hombres, 38.5%; 139 mujeres, 61.5%), con edades entre los 17 y los 25 años, M = 21.08, DT = 2.18. Se usaron adaptaciones españolas del Purpose-In-Life Test de Crumbaugh y Maholic y de las Escalas de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff. Las hipótesis a contrastar fueron que de manera significativa el Sentido de la Vida predeciría el Bienestar Psicológico y que las mujeres alcanzarían puntuaciones más altas en algunas dimensiones del mismo. Los análisis estadísticos incluyeron regresiones lineales simples y la prueba t para muestras independientes. Los resultados mostraron que: (1) El Sentido de la Vida predijo significativamente el Bienestar Psicológico, especialmente el Bienestar Psicológico global, la Autoaceptación, el Propósito en la Vida y el Dominio del Entorno, y (2) las mujeres alcanzaron puntuaciones significativamente superiores en Bienestar Psicológico global, Dominio del Entorno, Crecimiento Personal y Propósito en la Vida. Estos resultados fueron discutidos a la luz de la investigación precedente.
Examinou-se o papel preditivo do Sentido da Vida e as diferenças em função do gênero no Bem-estar Psicológico em um grupo de 226 estudantes universitários espanhóis (87 homens, 38.5%; 139 mulheres, 61.5%), com idade entre 17 e 25 anos, M = 21.08, DT = 2.18. Foram usadas adaptações espanholas do Purpose-In-Life Test de Crumbaugh e Maholic e das Escalas de Bem-estar Psicológico de Ryff. As hipóteses a contrastar foram que de maneira significativa o Sentido da Vida prediria o Bem-estar Psicológico e que as mulheres alcançariam pontuações mais altas em algumas dimensões do mesmo. As análises estatísticas incluíram lineais simples e o teste t para mostras independentes. Os resultados mostraram que: (1) O Sentido da Vida predisse significativamente o Bem-estar Psicológico, especialmente o Bem-estar Psicológico global, a Autoaceitação, o Propósito na Vida e o Domínio do Entorno, e (2) as mulheres alcançaram pontuações significativamente superiores em Bem-estar Psicológico global, Domínio do Entorno, Crescimento Pessoal e Propósito na Vida. Estes resultados foram discutidos à luz da pesquisa precedente.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Seguridade Social , Identidade de GêneroRESUMO
En los últimos años varios trabajos han analizado la estructura factorial del Purpose-In-Life Test, instrumento que mide el logro de sentido de la vida desde los planteamientos de la logoterapia, con resultados muy heterogéneos. El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en poner a prueba distintos modelos propuestos en la literatura anterior, con una muestra de 766 alumnos de dos universidades de la Comunidad Valenciana (España), de los que 220 son hombres y 546 son mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 36 años (M = 21.96; DT = 3.56). Se realizaron análisis factoriales confirmatorios de dichos modelos y se compararon los valores de ajuste y las estructuras factoriales obtenidas, encontrando apoyo empírico para tres modelos bifactoriales.
In recent years several papers have examined the structure of the Purpose-In-Life Test, which measures the achievement of meaning in life from the approach of logotherapy, having found heterogeneous results. The aim of this study was to test different models proposed in previous literature with a sample of 766 Spanish undergraduates (220 males, 546 females) from two universities of the Valencia Community (Spain), aged between 18 and 36 (M = 21.96; SD = 3.56). Confirmatory factor analysis of these models was conducted. The adjustment values and the factorial structures obtained were compared, finding empirical support for three bi-factorial models.
Nos últimos anos vários trabalhos analisaram a estrutura fatorial do Purpose-In-Life Test, instrumento que mede o sucesso do sentido da vida desde as propostas da logoterapia, havendo sido obtidos resultados muito heterogêneos. O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu em testar diferentes modelos propostos na literatura anterior, com uma mostra de 766 alunos de duas universidades da Comunidade Valenciana (Espanha), dos quais 220 são homens e 546 são mulheres, com idades compreendidas entre 18 e 36 anos (M = 21.96; DT = 3.56). Realizaram-se análises fatoriais confirmatórias desses modelos e foram comparados os valores de ajuste e as estruturas fatoriais obtidas, encontrando apoio empírico para três modelos bifatoriais.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Fonoterapia , Análise Fatorial , Modelos EstruturaisRESUMO
Se analizan las diferencias en las puntuaciones total y factoriales de la versión española del Purpose-In-Life Test [PIL] (Crumbaugh & Maholic, 1969; Noblejas de la Flor, 1994) asociadas al sexo, en un grupo de 309 estudiantes universitarios (207 mujeres y 102 hombres) de edades comprendidas entre 18 y 45 años. El PIL evalúa logro de sentido de la vida vs. vacío existencial. Las mujeres obtienen puntuaciones medias superiores a los hombres, tanto en la puntuación total del PIL como en sus diferentes factores. El análisis estadístico muestra que el sexo da lugar a diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la puntuación total y en los factores Percepción de sentido y Metas y tareas del PIL.
The aim of this paper is to analyze the differences on Purpose-In-Life Test [PIL] (Crumbaugh & Maholic, 1969) total and factorial scores associated to sex, among 309 spanish undergratudates (207 women, 102 men), range 18 to 45 years. PIL Spanish version is used (Noblejas de la Flor, 1994). PIL evalues life meaning achievement vs. existential vacuum. Women achieve higher means on PIL total and factorial scores, and estatistical analysis show that sex is significantly associated to total PIL score and on Purpose perception and Goals and tasks factors scores.
RESUMO
O presente estudo teve como objetivos (1) comprovar a existência dos dez tipos motivacionais de valores e (2) avaliar em que medida estes mantém relações de compatibilidades e conflitos entre si, segundo a teoria de Schwartz (1992). Participaram 477 estudantes universitários, a maioria mulher (77 porcento) e não-religiosa (78 porcento), com uma média de idade de 21 anos (amplitude de 18 a 49 anos). Estes responderam ao Questionário de Valores de Schwartz e a um conjunto de perguntas demográficas. Uma análise fatorial confirmatória (LISREL) indicou a adequação da tipologia dos dez tipos de valores (GFI = 0,87, razão X2/gl = 3,81). Em relação a estrutura de compatibilidades e conflitos entre os valores, esta foi plenamente confirmada no primeiro caso e parcialmente no segundo. Concluiu-se que a teoria em questão é adequada; a não comprovação de alguns conflitos entre os tipos motivacionais pode se dever à complexidade da dinâmica dos valores, não apreendida através dos modelos de equações estruturais
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Poder Psicológico , Segurança , Valores Sociais , Análise Fatorial , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
El embarazo en la adolescencia se reconoce desde los 70' como un problema de salud pública, 25% de los embarazos son en adolescentes. Por lo que este estudio pretendió identificar las características socio-familiares, nivel de autoestima y conocimientos de este grupo en particular. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, no ciego. Se incluyeron 267 adolescentes entre 12 y 20 años, excluyendo a quienes fueron violentadas sexualmente en sus embarazos, que rehusaron contestar el cuestionario, presentaron retraso mental o salud grave. Se aplicó la prueba psicológica. ¿Se estima lo suficiente? de la Lic. María Dueñas, y un cuestionario de 65 preguntas para las demás variables. Resultados: Inicio de vida sexual activa entre los 12 y 16 años, escolaridad máxima de primaria, dedicadas al hogar, católicas, no utilizan métodos anticonceptivos y padres casados, escolaridad máxima de primaria; padre empleado con ingreso de $1000.00 mensuales, 38% son alcohólicos, refiriendo una comunicación intrafamiliar armoniosa. Las adolescentes viven en unión libre con su pareja cuyas edades fluctúan entre los 15 y 52 años, empleados, con actitud de aceptación al embarazo, nivel de autoestima de la madre adolescente en 54% correcta y 46% narcisista; nivel de conocimientos sobre reproducción humana, métodos de planificación familiar y enfermedades de transmisión sexual, 45% deficientes y 23% nulos. Discusión: Se encontraron diferencias en lo reportado en otros estudios con respecto al nivel de autoestima. Hubo similitud con escolaridad y nivel socioeconómico bajos, así como en el nivel de conocimientos sobre sexualidad y reproducción.
The present descriptive, transverse study, not blind, it looked into determine the socio-family situation, the self-estimate level and the knowledge of adolescent mothers about human reproduction, family planning methods and sexual transmission illnesses. 267 adolescent mothers between the 12 and 20 years old were studied; they received childbirth attention and they were consulted in the adolescent module of the General Hospital of Tampico; being excluded those who were raped in their pregnancies and who refused to answer the questionnaire or those who presented mental retardation problems or critically state of health. To know the self-estimate level, it was applied the standard test "Do you estimate enough?" from the S.A. María Dueñas, and a questionnaire of 65 items of multiple option, for the other variables. It was founded that the beginning of the active sexual life in the adolescent mothers fluctuates between the 12 and 16 years old; they have as maximun education, the primary school level, they are housewives, they are catholic, with urban residence, they have a soon born by normal childbirth, with Apgar of 8-9, and without utilization of family planning methods. They're family married parents, with education of primary school, the father is an employee with an income of $1,000.00 monthly mexican pesos and a third part of them are alcoholic; with harmonious intrafamiliar communication the adolescent mothers live in free union with their couple, with High School education; in 39% their age fluctuates between the 25 and 26 years old; with initial acceptance of their pregnancy. The self-estimate level was normal in 54% and narcissist level in 45%, not existing null level of se If-estimate. Unknowledge about the process of human reproduction was obtained; an acceptable knowledge of family planning methods was obtained, identifying 30% with unknowledge about about prevention of sexual transmission illnesses.