RESUMO
OBJETIVO: Estimar cambios en el consumo de frutas, verduras y leguminosas y su cumplimiento según recomendaciones internacionales en población menor de 20 años de México. Material y métodos. En 31 083 menores de 20 años con información de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos de las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud y Nutrición 2012, 2016, 2018 y 2020-2022, se estimó el cambio en el consumo de frutas, verduras y leguminosas ajustados mediante modelos de regresión cuantílica y la probabilidad de cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de ingesta de EAT-Lancet y la Organización Mundial de la Salud mediante modelos de regresión logit. RESULTADOS: Entre 2012 y 2020-2022 se observó un incremento en la mediana de consumo de 15% en frutas y 23.5% en verduras. La probabilidad de cumplimiento de recomendaciones de EAT-Lancet fue de 42.6% para frutas y 13.6% para verduras en 2020-2022. El consumo de leguminosas disminuyó 17.4% en 10 años. Conclusión. La población mexicana menor de 20 años se encuentra muy lejos de alcanzar las recomendaciones de consumo para la salud planetaria, a pesar de los incrementos modestos en el consumo de frutas y verduras. Se debe poner especial atención en el consumo de leguminosas por su disminución alarmante en estos grupos de edad. Es esencial realizar más investigación en este tema.
RESUMO
OBJETIVO: Actualizar las estimaciones del porcentaje de población mexicana que consume grupos de alimentos recomendables y no recomendables de manera habitual. Material y métodos. Con información derivada del cuestionario semicuantitativo de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos de diferentes grupos de edad de la población participante en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Continua de 2020 a 2022, se estimó el porcentaje de consumidores de trece grupos de alimentos de relevancia para la salud. RESULTADOS: Los grupos de alimentos mayormente consumidos en toda la población fueron el agua sola (>83%) y las bebidas endulzadas (>76%). Cerca de la mitad de la población menor de 20 años consumieron botanas, dulces y postres, cifra que es similar al porcentaje de consumidores de frutas y mayor al de consumidores de verduras (<30%). En todos los grupos de edad los consumidores de leguminosas no superan el 26%. Conclusión. La fracción de la población mexicana que consume bebidas endulzadas es muy alta en todos los grupos de edad, mientras que para alimentos saludables es baja. Se necesita profundizar en el análisis de las causas de estas diferencias y diseñar acciones encaminadas a aumentar la calidad de la dieta en la población mexicana.
RESUMO
OBJETIVO: Evaluar el consumo y porcentaje de adultos en apego a recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) e EAT-Lancet Commission on Food, Planet, Health sobre consumo de frutas, verduras y leguminosas, y sus cambios en el periodo de 2012-2022. Material y métodos. Se analizó información de 29 757 adultos >20 años, obtenida del cuestionario semicuantitativo de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos de las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud y Nutrición 2012-2022. Se estimó el consumo de frutas, verduras y leguminosas mediante modelos de regresión cuantílica y el porcentaje de población que cumplió las recomendaciones de consumo de la OMS y de una dieta de salud planetaria con modelos de regresión logit. Todos los modelos se ajustaron por covariables. RESULTADOS: De 2012 a 2020-2022, el consumo de frutas se mantuvo constante (113.5-131 g/día) y el de verduras incrementó (de 83 a 109 g/día), mientras que el consumo de leguminosas disminuyó (de 10 a 7.7 g/día). Se encontró bajo porcentaje de adultos (<40%) que cumplieron las recomendaciones, sobre todo de leguminosas (<1.5%), situación que se mantuvo constante a lo largo de los 10 años analizados. CONCLUSIONES: Existe una tendencia a la disminución en el consumo de leguminosas y el consumo de frutas y verduras sigue siendo bajo.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the current status of micronutrient deficiencies (MD) and anemia in Mexican children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum data from 1 382 pre-school-age chil-dren (1-4 years) and 3 590 school-age children (5-11 years) Ensanut 2018-19 participants were analyzed. Iron deficiency (ID), vitamin B12 deficiency (B12D), vitamin A depletion (VADp), and anemia were identified. Logistic regression models were used to identify associations between socio-demographic characteristics of children and MD. RESULTS: Anemia was present in 28.9 and 19.2% of the children aged 1-4 and 5-11, respectively; in ID 10 and 5.1%; B12D, in 5.1 and 4.8%, and VADp, in 4.7 and 4.3%. 18.5% of the preschool-age children and 13% of the school-age children had at least one MD associated to anemia. CONCLUSIONS: MD and anemia affect the younger children in larger proportion. Fortification and supplementation programs should be reinforced to avoid the long-term consequences of MD.
Assuntos
Anemia , Ferro , Estado Nutricional , Vitamina A , Vitamina B 12 , Anemia/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Ferro/sangue , México/epidemiologia , Vitamina A/sangue , Vitamina B 12/sangueRESUMO
Objetivo. Estudiar la asociación de la inseguridad alimentaria con los cambios percibidos en la alimentación durante el confinamiento por Covid-19 en México. Material y métodos. El nivel de inseguridad alimentaria se obtuvo utilizando la Escala Latinoamericana y Caribeña de Seguridad Alimentaria (ELCSA) en 9 933 hogares de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Continua 2020 Covid-19 (Ensanut -Continua- 2020 Covid-19). Los cambios en el consumo de grupos de alimentos durante el confinamiento se clasificaron en negativos, positivos o sin cambios durante el confinamiento. La asociación entre cambios en la alimentación e inseguridad alimentaria se analizó con modelos multinomiales ajustados por características sociodemográficas del hogar. Resulta-dos. Los hogares con reducción en el gasto en alimentos e inseguridad alimentaria severa mostraron mayor probabilidad de tener cambios negativos en su alimentación (0.43, IC95%: 0.40-0.46). Conclusiones. La inseguridad alimentaria severa se asocia con cambios negativos en la alimentación durante el confinamiento por Covid-19, en hogares con reducción del gasto en alimentos.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Dieta , Insegurança Alimentar , Humanos , México , Pandemias , Percepção , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the consumption of recommended and non-recommended food groups for daily consumption, and their association with sociodemographic characteristics in Mexican population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Infor-mation from the 2018-19 National Health and Nutrition Survey from Mexico, using a 7-day food consumption fre-quency questionnaire, in children and adults. We estimated consumption of seven food groups in quartiles by age group. We analyzed the association of locality of residence, region and tertil of well-being index (WBI). RESULTS: Living in urban locality, north region, or medium or high WBI were associated with higher possibility of being in higher quartiles of egg and dairy, legumes, processed meat and snacks, candies and desserts consumption. CONCLUSIONS: In the southern Mexico more fruits are consumed, but less legumes, eggs and dairy products, while in urban locations more snacks, sweets and desserts are consumed.
OBJETIVO: Describir el consumo de grupos de alimentos recomendables y no recomendables para consumo cotidiano y su asociación con características sociodemográficas en población mexicana. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: tomada de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018-19, utilizando un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de ali-mentos. Se estimaron cuartiles de consumo de siete grupos de alimentos por grupo poblacional. Se analizó la asociación del consumo con tipo de localidad, región y terciles de condición de bienestar (ICB). RESULTADOS: Pertenecer a localidades urbanas, región norte e ICB medio y alto se asoció con mayor posibilidad de estar en los cuartiles más altos de consumo de huevo y lácteos y carnes procesadas, mientras que la región sur se asoció con mayor consumo de leguminosas y bebidas endulzadas. CONCLUSIONES: En el sur de México se consume más frutas, pero menos leguminosas, huevo y lácteos, mientras que en localidades urbanas se consume más carnes procesa-das, botanas, dulces y postres.
Assuntos
Dieta , Adulto , Doces , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Laticínios , Ovos , Fabaceae , Comportamento Alimentar , Frutas , Humanos , Carne , México , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Lanches , Fatores Socioeconômicos , VerdurasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between supplements and Liconsa milk intake, with anemia, zinc (ZD) and iron (ID) deficiencies, and morbidity in Mexican children resident of less than 100 000 habitants' localities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A subsample of 1 516 children aged 1-4 participants of Ensanut 100k was analyzed, carried out in 2018. Anemia was considered if [Hb]<11 g/dL, ZD if [Zn]<65 µg/dL and ID if [ferritin]<12 µg/L. Supplements and Liconsa milk consumption were obtained from a semi-quantitative food frequency; morbidity by self-report of the mother. Multiple logistic regression models were used adjusted by confounders. RESULTS: Medium and high consumption of Liconsa milk was associated to lower odds of ID (OR=0.02, [95%CI 0.002,0.24] and OR=0.07, [95%CI 0.01,0.52]) and anemia (OR=0.13, [95%CI 0.04,0.37] and OR=0.17, [95%CI 0.03,0.87]). A high intake of Liconsa milk (OR=0.09, [95%CI 0.01,0.44]) and Vitaniño (OR=0.05 [95%CI 0.005, 0.46]) were both associated to lower diarrhea risk. CONCLUSIONS: To assure the continuity of the consumption of nutritional supplements is necessary for improving the health and the micronutrients status in vulnerable Mexican children.
OBJETIVO: Analizar la asociación entre el consumo de suplementos o leche Liconsa y anemia, deficiencias de zinc (DZ) y hierro (DH) y morbilidad en niños mexicanos residentes de localidades menores a 100 000 habitantes. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizó información de 1 516 niños de 1 a 4 años de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición en localidades con menos de 100 000 habitantes realizada en el año 2018. Se definió Anemia si [Hb]<11 g/dL, DZ: [Zn]<65 µg/dL y DH: [ferritina]<12 µg/L. El consumo de suplementos y de leche Liconsa se obtuvo del cuestionario de Frecuencia de Consumo de Alimentos y morbilidad por autorreporte de la madre. Se emplearon modelos de regresión logística múltiple para el análisis de las asociaciones, ajustados por confusores. RESULTADOS: El consumo medio y alto de leche Liconsa se asoció con menor momio de DH (RM=0.02 [IC95% 0.002,0.24] y RM=0.07 [IC95% 0.01,0.52]) y anemia (RM=0.13 [IC95% 0.04,0.37] y RM=0.17 [IC95% 0.03,0.87]). Un alto consumo de leche Liconsa (RM=0.09, [IC95% 0.01,0.44]) y de Vitaniño (RM=0.05 [IC95% 0.005, 0.46]) se asoció con menor momio de diarrea. CONCLUSIONES: Es necesario considerar la continuidad del consumo de suplementos nutricionales para mejorar la salud y el estado de micronutrimentos en población infantil mexicana vulnerable.
Assuntos
Anemia/epidemiologia , Deficiências Nutricionais/epidemiologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Alimentos Fortificados , Deficiências de Ferro , Leite , Morbidade , Zinco/deficiência , Animais , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Densidade DemográficaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge and comprehension level of the Chécate, Mídete, Muévete campaign and its associ¬ated characteristics in Mexican adult population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on the Mexican Halfway National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016, we obtained information about the knowledge and comprehension of the logo and messages that support the Chécate, Mídete, Muévete campaign. To identify the associated characteristics, we proved logistic and linear regression models and the variable contrast ef¬fects are shown. RESULTS: 11% of the interviewed adults knew the Chécate, Mídete, Muévete campaign, 31% had a high comprehension of it and 1% did not comprehend it at all. The associated characteristics with knowledge were gender, scholarship, health service and overweight or obesity. Age, scholarship and socioeconomic status were associated to comprehension. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide new information about one of the Mexican efforts to control the overweight, obesity and diabetes epidemic.
OBJETIVO: Evaluar el conocimiento, nivel de comprensión y características asociadas con la población adulta mexicana en relación con la campaña Chécate, Mídete, Muévete. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: A partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de Medio Camino 2016, se obtuvo información sobre el conocimiento y comprensión del logotipo y mensajes que apoyan la campaña Chécate, Mídete, Muévete. Para identificar las características asociadas, se probaron modelos de regresión logística y lineal para presentar los contrastes de efectos por variable. RESULTADOS: El 11% de los adultos conoce la campaña; 31% tuvo una alta comprensión y 1% no la comprendió en absoluto. Sexo, escolaridad, servicio de salud y sobrepeso u obesidad se asocian con el conocimiento de la campaña; para la comprensión, las características asociadas fueron edad, escolaridad y nivel socioeconómico. CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados contribuyen a retroalimentar uno de los esfuerzos por controlar la epidemia de sobrepeso, obesidad y diabetes en México.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Promoção da Saúde , Adulto , Idoso , Compreensão , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the recommendable and non-recommendable food groups for usual consumption by sociodemographic characteristics in Mexican population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Through a 7-day, semi-quan¬titative food frequency questionnaire used in 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, we estimated the proportions of population (preschool and school children, adolescents and adults) who consumed food groups that are relevant for public health by area, region and socioeconomic status (SES). RESULTS: Less than 50% of population consumed vegetables daily; almost 80% of the population consumed plain water daily and sweetened beverages (3 d/week). Center and Mexico City regions had the highest percentage of fruits and vegetables consumers (p<0.012). High SES had the highest consumer´s percentage of recommendable and non-recommendable food groups. CONCLUSIONS: A high percentage of the population do not consume fruits, vegetables and plain water daily.
OBJETIVO: Estimar el consumo de alimentos recomendables y no recomendables para consumo cotidiano, por características sociodemográficas en la población mexicana. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se utilizó información del cuestionario semicuantitativo de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos (de siete días), de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de Medio Camino 2016. Se estimó el porcentaje de consumidores en preescolares, escolares, adolescentes y adultos, por área, región y nivel socioeconómico (NSE). RESULTADOS: Menos de 50% de la población consumió de verduras diariamente. Alrededor de 80% de la población consumió agua sola diariamente y bebidas endulzadas al menos tres días a la semana. Las regiones Centro y Ciudad de México tuvieron el mayor porcentaje de consumidores de frutas y verduras (p<0.012). El NSE alto presentó el mayor porcentaje de consumidores de grupos de alimentos recomendables y no recomendables. CONCLUSIONES: Un porcentaje importante de la población no consume frutas, verduras, ni agua sola diariamente.
Assuntos
Alimentos , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Alimentos/classificação , Humanos , Masculino , México , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Classe Social , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE:: To describe energy and nutrient intakes and their adequacies in older Mexican adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (Ensanut) 2006 and 2012. MATERIALS AND METHODS:: Dietary information was obtained through a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) from 526 adults 60 y and older participating in Ensanut 2012 and 3 326 in Ensanut 2006 in Mexico. Quantile and logistic regression models were used to obtain medians and marginal effects of each nutrient, adjusting by confounders and survey design. RESULTS:: Dietary intake of energy and nutrients was similar in both surveys. Most common micronutrients at risk of dietary deficiency were, for vitamins: A, B-12, C, D and folate, and for minerals: calcium, iron and zinc, in both surveys. Excessive intake of sugar and saturated fat and low fiber intake were common. CONCLUSIONS:: Diet in older Mexican adults is low in micronutrient essentials, and excessive in fat and sugar. Attention to the diet in this age group through targeted interventions is necessary to promote a healthy diet.
Assuntos
Ingestão de Energia , Alimentos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos NutricionaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT) was carried out in 2012. Information from the survey is used to design and evaluate food and nutrition policies in Mexico. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to estimate the usual intake of energy and macronutrients in the Mexican population by using the ENSANUT 2012. METHODS: Twenty-four-hour recall interviews were administered to a nationally representative subsample of 10,096 individuals aged ≥1 y from the ENSANUT 2012. Usual intake distributions and the prevalence of inadequate intakes were estimated by using the Iowa State University method. Student's t tests and tests on the equality of proportions were used to compare usual intakes and prevalence of inadequacy across socioeconomic status, area (rural or urban), and region of residence (North, Center, or South). RESULTS: Energy and macronutrient intakes and indicators of dietary adequacy are presented for children (ages 1-4 y and 5-11 y), adolescents (12-19 y), and adults (≥20 y). At the national level, the estimated mean fiber intake was below the Adequate Intake for all population subgroups, suggesting inadequacies. The estimated proportion with a usual added sugars intake of >10% of total energy intake was >64% in all age groups. The proportion with a usual saturated fat intake of >10% of total energy intake was estimated to be >78% in children, >66% in adolescents, and >50% in adults. Overall, fiber intake was lower and intakes of saturated fat and added sugars were higher in urban compared with rural areas, in the North compared with South regions, and among those with high compared with low socioeconomic status (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Fiber intake is lower and added sugar and saturated fat intakes are higher than recommended for >50% of the Mexican population aged ≥1 y. These results highlight the importance of improving the diets of the overall population to reduce the risk of noncommunicable chronic diseases.
Assuntos
Dieta , Fibras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos/administração & dosagem , Adoçantes Calóricos/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , México , Avaliação Nutricional , Política Nutricional , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Recomendações Nutricionais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE:: To describe the methodology used to clean up and estimate dietary intake (DI) data from the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SFFQ) of the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012. MATERIALS AND METHODS:: DI was collected through a shortterm SFFQ regarding 140 foods (from October 2011 to May 2012). Energy and nutrient intake was calculated according to a nutrient database constructed specifically for the SFFQ. RESULTS:: A total of 133 nutrients including energy and fiber were generated from SFFQ data. Between 4.8 and 9.6% of the survey sample was excluded as a result of the cleaning process.Valid DI data were obtained regarding energy and nutrients consumed by 1 212 pre-school children, 1 323 school children, 1 961 adolescents, 2 027 adults and 526 older adults. CONCLUSIONS:: We documented the methodology used to clean up and estimate DI from the SFFQ used in national dietary assessments in Mexico.
Assuntos
Dieta , Ingestão de Energia , Inquéritos Nutricionais/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The study of dietary patterns in older adults (OA) and their association with geriatric syndromes (GS) is scarce in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: To describe the association of dietary patterns with GS in the Mexican older adult population, using data from the 2018-19 National Health and Nutrition Survey. METHODS: Dietary data were collected from 3,511 adults (≥60 years of age, both sexes) using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived by principal component analysis based on the consumption of 162 foods from 24 food groups. The GS studied were: frailty, depressive symptoms (DS), low appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM); additionally, we studied inflammation (serum CRP>5 mg/L). Logistic regression models were used. RESULTS: Four major dietary patterns were identified: a) "Western", b) "Prudent", c) "Soups", and d) "Traditional". The middle and higher tertiles of the "Prudent" pattern were associated with lower odds of DS (OR 0.71, p = 0.04; and OR 0.61, p = 0.008), respectively. The second tertile of the "Soups" pattern was associated with lower odds of low ASMM (OR 0.68, p = 0031) and inflammation (OR 0.58, p = 0.022). The highest tertile of the "Traditional" pattern was associated with low ASMM (OR 1.55, p = 0.008) and lower odds of inflammation (OR 0.69, p = 0.044). No association was found between the "Western" dietary pattern and GS. CONCLUSIONS: Three of four major dietary patterns were associated with GS in older Mexican adults. Further studies are needed to address strategies to improve diet quality in this age group and its association with health and functional outcomes.
RESUMO
Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Mexican adults is very high. To identify the dietary characteristics related with this disorder is necessary to design intervention. The objective was to analyze the association between dietary patterns and obesity in Mexican adults. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in Mexican adults (20-59 years old) participating in the Halfway National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016. Participants (n = 5,735) were classified as having normal weight, overweight-obesity and by their abdominal circumference as having abdominal obesity or not. With information from a 7-day food frequency questionnaire, we used a K-means cluster analysis to derive dietary patterns and calculated a healthy diet indicator to evaluate quality. The association between dietary patterns and overweight-obesity and abdominal obesity was assessed with Poisson regression models adjusted by some characteristics. Results: We identified a Rural pattern characterized by tortilla, legumes and egg consumption; a Diverse pattern, characterized by fruits, meat and poultry, vegetables, and dairy beverages, and desserts; and a Westernized pattern, characterized by sweetened non-dairy beverages, fast food, bakery and cookies, candies and salty snacks. In men, Westernized pattern was associated with overweight-obesity (PR = 1.11, 95% CI 0.97-1.27), and abdominal obesity (PR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.00-1.33), the Diverse pattern was associated with overweight-obesity (PR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.00-1.38), and abdominal obesity (PR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.07-1.50), compared with the Rural pattern. In women, these dietary patterns were not associated with obesity. Discussion: Westernized and Diverse patterns are associated with overweight and obesity and abdominal obesity in men. Gender-specific recommendations and surveillance are necessary in the Mexican adult population.
RESUMO
Given the high prevalence of multiple non-communicable chronic diseases in Mexico, the aim of the present study was to assess the association between dietary patterns and sleep disorders in a national representative sample of 5076 Mexican adults (20-59 years) from the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Through a cross-sectional study, we used the Berlin sleep symptoms questionnaire to estimate the proportion of adults with insomnia, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and other related problems such as daytime symptoms and inadequate sleep duration. Dietary data were collected through a seven-day semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were determined through cluster analysis. Associations between dietary patterns and sleep disorders were assessed by multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, well-being, rural/urban area type, geographical region, tobacco use, physical activity level and energy intake. Three dietary patterns were identified: traditional (high in legumes and tortilla), industrialised (high in sugar-sweetened beverages, fast foods, and alcohol, coffee or tea) and mixed (high in meat, poultry, fruits and vegetables). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the industrialised pattern yielded higher odds for daytime symptoms (OR 1â 49; 95 % CI 1â 12, 1â 99) and OSA (OR 1â 63; 95 % CI 1â 21, 2â 19) compared with the traditional pattern. In conclusion, dietary patterns are associated with sleep disorders in Mexican adults. Further research is required to break the vicious cycle of poor-quality diet, sleep symptoms and health.
Assuntos
Dieta , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/epidemiologia , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/etiologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/etiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy and precision of HemoCue 201 (HemoCue) and Masimo Pronto 7 (Masimo) devices for measuring hemoglobin (Hb) in epidemiological studies, having venous blood samples as a gold standard. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We measured Hb concentrations in a field sample of 148 children from one to five years of age. Masimo and HemoCue were used for capillary blood samples and an automatic analyzer for venous blood samples. Regression models with no intercept were constructed to measure precision and predictability, concordance correlations to measure accuracy and precision, and Bland-Altman limits of agreement as well as hierarchical linear models to estimate variance. RESULTS: Both HemoCue and Masimo underestimated Hb concentrations compared to the gold standard. They respectively yielded the following results: regression coefficients of 0.887 and 0.876 with 98.7% and 98.6% predictability; concordance correlation coefficients of 0.183 (p<0.001) and 0.166 (p<0.001); and Bland-Altman variances of -1.51 and -1.62. With regard to Masimo specifically, the three-level Hierarchical Linear Model showed that 57.9% of total variance stemmed from random errors in repeated measures from the same subject. CONCLUSIONS: HemoCue and Masimo measure lower Hb concentrations than the gold standard. Their accuracy and precision levels are comparable. It is essential to ensure proper use of devices through enhanced training of field workers.
Assuntos
Hemoglobinometria , Hemoglobinas , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Hemoglobinometria/métodos , Hemoglobinometria/normas , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Abstract Objective: To describe the current status of micronutrient deficiencies (MD) and anemia in Mexican children. Materials and methods: Serum data from 1 382 pre-school-age children (1-4 years) and 3 590 school-age children (5-11 years) Ensanut 2018-19 participants were analyzed. Iron deficiency (ID), vitamin B12 deficiency (B12D), vitamin A depletion (VADp), and anemia were identified. Logistic regression models were used to identify associations between sociodemographic characteristics of children and MD. Results: Anemia was present in 28.9 and 19.2% of the children aged 1-4 and 5-11, respectively; in ID 10 and 5.1%; B12D, in 5.1 and 4.8%, and VADp, in 4.7 and 4.3%. 18.5% of the preschool-age children and 13% of the school-age children had at least one MD associated to anemia. Conclusions: MD and anemia affect the younger children in larger proportion. Fortification and supplementation programs should be reinforced to avoid the long-term consequences of MD.
Resumen Objetivo: Describir la situación actual de deficiencias de micronutrimentos (DM) y anemia en niños mexicanos. Material y métodos: Se analizó información sérica de 1 382 niños de 1-4 años y de 3 590 niños de 5-11 años participantes de la Ensanut 2018-19. Se categorizó la deficiencia de hierro (DH), B12 (DB12), depleción de vitamina A (DepVA) y anemia. Se emplearon modelos de regresión logística para identificar las características asociadas con la DM. Resultados: La anemia afectó al 28.9 y 19.2%, DH al 10 y 5.1%, DB12 al 5.1y 4.8% y DepVA al 4.7 y 4.3% de los niños preescolares y escolares respectivamente. El 18.5 y 13% de los niños tuvo al menos una DM asociada con anemia. Conclusiones: Los niños más jóvenes tuvieron las prevalencias más altas de DM y anemia. Es necesario el refuerzo en los programas de fortificación y suplementación para evitar las consecuencias a largo plazo asociadas con las DM.
RESUMO
Resumen: Objetivo: Estudiar la asociación de la inseguridad alimentaria con los cambios percibidos en la alimentación durante el confinamiento por Covid-19 en México. Material y métodos: El nivel de inseguridad alimentaria se obtuvo utilizando la Escala Latinoamericana y Caribeña de Seguridad Alimentaria (ELCSA) en 9 933 hogares de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Continua 2020 Covid-19 (Ensanut -Continua- 2020 Covid-19). Los cambios en el consumo de grupos de alimentos durante el confinamiento se clasificaron en negativos, positivos o sin cambios durante el confinamiento. La asociación entre cambios en la alimentación e inseguridad alimentaria se analizó con modelos multinomiales ajustados por características sociodemográficas del hogar. Resultados: Los hogares con reducción en el gasto en alimentos e inseguridad alimentaria severa mostraron mayor probabilidad de tener cambios negativos en su alimentación (0.43, IC95%: 0.40-0.46). Conclusiones: La inseguridad alimentaria severa se asocia con cambios negativos en la alimentación durante el confinamiento por Covid-19, en hogares con reducción del gasto en alimentos.
Abstract: Objective: To study the association of food insecurity with changes in diet perceived during lockdown by Covid-19 in Mexico. Materials and methods: The level of food insecurity was identified using the Latin American and Caribbean Scale of Food Security in 9 933 households of the 2020 National Health and Nutrition Survey Covid-19. Changes in the food group consumption were classified in negative or positive changes, or unchanged during lockdown. The association of changes in diet with the level of food insecurity was analyzed with multinomial models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics of the household. Results: Households that reported reduced spending on food and with severe food insecurity showed a greater probability of having negative changes (0.43, 95%CI: 0.40-0.46). Conclusions: Severe food insecurity is associate with negative food changes during lockdown by Covid-19, in households with reduced spending on food in Mexico.
RESUMO
Resumen: Objetivo: Describir el consumo de grupos de alimentos recomendables y no recomendables para consumo cotidiano y su asociación con características sociodemográficas en población mexicana. Material y métodos: Información tomada de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018-19, utilizando un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. Se estimaron cuartiles de consumo de siete grupos de alimentos por grupo poblacional. Se analizó la asociación del consumo con tipo de localidad, región y terciles de condición de bienestar (ICB). Resultados: Pertenecer a localidades urbanas, región norte e ICB medio y alto se asoció con mayor posibilidad de estar en los cuartiles más altos de consumo de huevo y lácteos y carnes procesadas, mientras que la región sur se asoció con mayor consumo de leguminosas y bebidas endulzadas. Conclusión: En el sur de México se consume más frutas, pero menos leguminosas, huevo y lácteos, mientras que en localidades urbanas se consume más carnes procesadas, botanas, dulces y postres.
Abstract: Objective: To describe the consumption of recommended and non-recommended food groups for daily consumption, and their association with sociodemographic characteristics in Mexican population. Materials and methods: Information from the 2018-19 National Health and Nutrition Survey from Mexico, using a 7-day food consumption frequency questionnaire, in children and adults. We estimated consumption of seven food groups in quartiles by age group. We analyzed the association of locality of residence, region and tertil of well-being index (WBI). Results: Living in urban locality, north region, or medium or high WBI were associated with higher possibility of being in higher quartiles of egg and dairy, legumes, processed meat and snacks, candies and desserts consumption. Conclusions: In the southern Mexico more fruits are consumed, but less legumes, eggs and dairy products, while in urban locations more snacks, sweets and desserts are consumed.
Assuntos
Adulto , Criança , Humanos , Dieta , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Verduras , Doces , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Estudos Transversais , Laticínios , Ovos , Comportamento Alimentar , Lanches , Frutas , Fabaceae , Carne , MéxicoRESUMO
Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre el consumo de suplementos o leche Liconsa y anemia, deficiencias de zinc (DZ) y hierro (DH) y morbilidad en niños mexicanos residentes de localidades menores a 100 000 habitantes. Material y métodos: Se analizó información de 1 516 niños de 1 a 4 años de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición en localidades con menos de 100 000 habitantes realizada en el año 2018. Se definió Anemia si [Hb]<11 g/dL, DZ: [Zn]<65 µg/dL y DH: [ferritina]<12 µg/L. El consumo de suplementos y de leche Liconsa se obtuvo del cuestionario de Frecuencia de Consumo de Alimentos y morbilidad por autorreporte de la madre. Se emplearon modelos de regresión logística múltiple para el análisis de las asociaciones, ajustados por confusores. Resultados: El consumo medio y alto de leche Liconsa se asoció con menor momio de DH (RM=0.02 [IC95% 0.002,0.24] y RM=0.07 [IC95% 0.01,0.52]) y anemia (RM=0.13 [IC95% 0.04,0.37] y RM=0.17 [IC95% 0.03,0.87]). Un alto consumo de leche Liconsa (RM=0.09, [IC95% 0.01,0.44]) y de Vitaniño (RM=0.05 [IC95% 0.005, 0.46]) se asoció con menor momio de diarrea. Conclusiones: Es necesario considerar la continuidad del consumo de suplementos nutricionales para mejorar la salud y el estado de micronutrimentos en población infantil mexicana vulnerable.
Abstract: Objective: To analyze the association between supplements and Liconsa milk intake, with anemia, zinc (ZD) and iron (ID) deficiencies, and morbidity in Mexican children resident of less than 100 000 habitants' localities. Materials and methods: A subsample of 1 516 children aged 1-4 participants of Ensanut 100k was analyzed, carried out in 2018. Anemia was considered if [Hb]<11 g/dL, ZD if [Zn]<65 µg/dL and ID if [ferritin]<12 µg/L. Supplements and Liconsa milk consumption were obtained from a semi-quantitative food frequency; morbidity by self-report of the mother. Multiple logistic regression models were used adjusted by confounders. Results: Medium and high consumption of Liconsa milk was associated to lower odds of ID (OR=0.02, [95%CI 0.002,0.24] and OR=0.07, [95%CI 0.01,0.52]) and anemia (OR=0.13, [95%CI 0.04,0.37] and OR=0.17, [95%CI 0.03,0.87]). A high intake of Liconsa milk (OR=0.09, [95%CI 0.01,0.44]) and Vitaniño (OR=0.05 [95%CI 0.005, 0.46]) were both associated to lower diarrhea risk. Conclusions: To assure the continuity of the consumption of nutritional supplements is necessary for improving the health and the micronutrients status in vulnerable Mexican children.