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BACKGROUND: Hemin is clinically used in acute attacks of porphyria; however, recent evidence has also highlighted its capability to stimulate the heme oxygenase enzyme, being associated with cytoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Indeed, current preclinical evidence emphasizes the potential anti-inflammatory role of hemin through its use in animal models of disease. Nevertheless, there is no consensus about the underlying mechanism(s) and the most optimal therapeutic regimens. Therefore, this review aims to summarize, analyze, and discuss the current preclinical evidence concerning the pharmacological effect of hemin. METHODS: Following the application of the search expression and the retrieval of the articles, only nonclinical studies in vivo written in English were considered, where the potential anti-inflammatory effect of hemin was evaluated. RESULTS: Forty-nine articles were included according to the eligibility criteria established. The results obtained show the preference of using 30 to 50 mg/kg of hemin, administered intraperitoneally, in both acute and chronic contexts. This drug demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities considering its capacity for reducing the expression of proinflammatory and oxidative markers. CONCLUSIONS: This review highlighted the significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of hemin, providing a clearer vision for the medical community about the use of this drug in several human diseases.
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Introduction: Periodontitis is a non-communicable chronic inflammatory disease with a systemic burden. Animal models of induced periodontitis help elucidate the mechanisms by which periodontal inflammation drives systemic effects. Studying this systemic involvement over longer follow-up periods may provide a strong foundation for future research on the association between diseases and periodontitis, particularly in female rats. Therefore, we aimed to compare blood, endocrine, immunologic, renal, and hepatic markers in a rat model of induced periodontitis in females with their control counterparts. Methods: Experimental periodontitis was induced in 20 female Wistar rats by the application and maintenance of silk ligatures on the upper molars. The rats were then assessed for macroscopical analysis, complete blood count, and biochemical, endocrine, and immunologic markers at 21, 28, 42, and 56 days. Results: Chronic periodontal inflammation was observed after 42 days of exposure to the ligatures. Additionally, it was also possible to notice significant systemic manifestations, such as the reduction of triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels, along with an increase in the expression of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Discussion: The study's findings imply that certain changes can be underscored to highlight a reduced risk of conception. Notably, previous investigations have indicated that subfertile women exhibit lower levels of thyroid hormones and elevated lactate dehydrogenase expression. Despite the absence of preclinical data delineating a possible association between periodontitis and female infertility, the results of this study may prove to be a crucial contribution to both the scientific and medical fields.
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Resumen La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la actitud hacia la labor profesional del psicólogo en una muestra bogotana, según los tiempos de permanencia en terapia psicológica. Para ello se llevó a cabo un estudio de tipo descriptivo con método de comparación de grupos. Se aplicó la escala de "actitudes" frente a la labor profesional del psicólogo a una muestra de 540 personas de nacionalidad colombiana, residentes en Bogotá. Se encontró una actitud neutra hacia la labor profesional del psicólogo, destacando una mejor actitud por parte de las mujeres en comparación con los hombres, asimismo, una actitud más favorable en los participantes que han asistido mayor tiempo a terapia psicológica, actitud que empeora tras los 6 meses.
Abstract The objective of this investigation was to determine the attitude toward the psychologist professional work in a Bogotá sample, according to the psychological therapy's time. It has been made a descriptive study with a group comparative method, and the ¼Attitude toward the Psychologist Professional Work" was used in a scale to a Bogotá sample of 540 people. A neutral attitude was founded, toward the psychologist professional work, highlihting a better attitude of women in comparation with men's attitude. Nevertheless the most favorable attitude of the sample was from people who received psychological therapy for more time, attitude that gets worse after 6 months.