Proximal femoral allograft treatment of Vancouver type-B3 periprosthetic femoral fractures after total hip arthroplasty. Surgical technique.

BACKGROUND: Periprosthetic femoral fractures following total hip arthroplasty are becoming more prevalent. When a fracture occurs in a femur with substantial proximal bone deficiency, the surgical options for revision are limited. One option includes the use of a proximal femoral allograft. METHODS: We retrospectively assessed the results and complications of the use of a proximal femoral allograft to treat twenty-five Vancouver type-B3 periprosthetic fractures in twenty-four patients. The mean duration of follow-up was 5.1 years. Clinical results were graded with use of the Harris hip score. Radiographs were assessed for evidence of trochanteric union, host-allograft union, allograft resorption, and component loosening or fracture. Failure of the procedure was defined as the need for revision surgery requiring graft removal. RESULTS: The mean postoperative Harris hip score was 70.8. At the time of the final follow-up, twenty-one of the twenty-four patients reported no or mild pain and twenty-three patients were able to walk; fifteen required a walking aid. The greater trochanter united in seventeen of the twenty-five hips (68%), and osseous union of the allograft to the host femur occurred in twenty hips (80%). There was mild graft resorption in four hips and moderate graft resorption in two. Four (16%) of the twenty-five hips required repeat revision. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a proximal femoral allograft for the treatment of a Vancouver type-B3 periprosthetic femoral fracture can provide a satisfactory result in terms of pain relief and function at five years.

Proximal femoral allograft treatment of Vancouver type-B3 periprosthetic femoral fractures after total hip arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: Periprosthetic femoral fractures following total hip arthroplasty are becoming more prevalent. When a fracture occurs in a femur with substantial proximal bone deficiency, the surgical options for revision are limited. One option includes the use of a proximal femoral allograft. METHODS: We retrospectively assessed the results and complications of the use of a proximal femoral allograft to treat twenty-five Vancouver type-B3 periprosthetic fractures in twenty-four patients. The mean duration of follow-up was 5.1 years. Clinical results were graded with use of the Harris hip score. Radiographs were assessed for evidence of trochanteric union, host-allograft union, allograft resorption, and component loosening or fracture. Failure of the procedure was defined as the need for revision surgery requiring graft removal. RESULTS: The mean postoperative Harris hip score was 70.8. At the time of the final follow-up, twenty-one of the twenty-four patients reported no or mild pain and twenty-three patients were able to walk; fifteen required a walking aid. The greater trochanter united in seventeen of the twenty-five hips, and osseous union of the allograft to the host femur occurred in twenty hips. There was mild graft resorption in four hips and moderate graft resorption in two. Four (16%) of the twenty-five hips required repeat revision. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a proximal femoral allograft for the treatment of a Vancouver type-B3 periprosthetic femoral fracture can provide a satisfactory result in terms of pain relief and function at five years.

Long-term outcome of shelf grafts in total hip arthroplasty for developmental hip dysplasia.

Primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with osteoarthrosis secondary to developmental hip dysplasia is often complex due to anterolateral acetabular bone deficiency. The use of femoral head (shelf) autograft during the index arthroplasty provides nonimmunogenic, osteoconductive support with the potential for enhanced bone stock should revision surgery be required. Few long-term studies document the outcome of the use of shelf grafts in primary THA or quantify the need for further bone graft at revision surgery. A retrospective analysis was conducted of a single surgeon's series of 31 THAs performed in 25 patients with developmental hip dysplasia. Postoperative biplanar radiographic analysis was performed at 3 and 6 months and annually thereafter for a mean of 14 years (range, 8-18 years). Grafts were assessed for union, resorption, and displacement. The need for acetabular bone graft at revision surgery was recorded. Bony union was observed in 93% of cases; fibrous union developed in the remaining 7%. There was no graft displacement. In 71% of cases, less than one-third of the graft had resorbed; one-third to one-half had resorbed in the remaining 29% of cases. Of 10 patients revised (all for loosening of the acetabular component), 2 required structural allograft for inadequate bone stock. Femoral head autograft allows effective acetabular coverage with excellent rates of union, exhibits minimal graft resorption in the long-term, and rarely requires further acetabular allograft in revision surgery.

Management of periacetabular bone loss in revision hip arthroplasty.

The goals of acetabular revision surgery are to restore the anatomy and achieve stable fixation for the new acetabular component. The existing bone stock and the type of defect are determining factors in the surgical decision making. When necessary, and especially in younger patients, attempts should be made to restore the bone stock by grafting. The advent of modern reconstruction options, like the trabecular metal revision system and the cup-cage construct, provide more options in addressing the management of severe defects. Trabecular metal has a porosity similar to bone and provides an environment more favorable to bone graft remodeling than conventional metals. We present an overview of our experience and current approach to acetabular revision. In addition, we report our preliminary results with trabecular metal cups and trabecular metal cup-cage constructs used in conjunction with bone graft for addressing major bone defects.