RESUMO
The molecular structures of polyamide barrier layers in reverse osmosis membranes, made by interfacial polymerization of m-phenylenediamine and trimesoyl chloride under different reaction and post-treatment conditions, were characterized by grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS). The molecular backbone packing is consistent with two different aromatic molecular packing motifs (parallel and perpendicular) with preferential surface-induced orientation. The results suggest that the perpendicular, T-shaped, packing motif (5 Å spacing) might be associated with optimal membrane permeance, compared with the parallel packings (3.5-4.0 Å spacings).
RESUMO
A rhodamine organosilane derivative (Rh-UTES) has been obtained by one-pot synthesis. The chemical structure of Rh-UTES was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (FTIR) techniques. To obtain an inorganic-organic hybrid sensor, Rh-UTES was covalently immobilized on a porous silicon microcavity (PSiMc) via triethoxysilane groups. The attachment of the organic derivative into PSiMc was confirmed by FTIR, specular reflectance, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical performance of Rh-UTES receptor for Hg(2+) detection was investigated by fluorescent spectroscopy and microscopy. Upon the addition of increasing amounts of Hg(2+) ions, a remarkable enhancement in emission intensity was produced in both systems. In the solid phase, an increase of integrated fluorescent emission of 0.12- and 0.15-fold after Hg(2+) receptor coordination was observed. The light harvesting capability of PSiMc devices allowed obtaining an enhanced fluorescent emission after Rh-UTES immobilization (277-fold). The fluorescence microscopy of hybrid PSiMc sensor provided an optical qualitative test for Hg(2+) detection.
RESUMO
Electrospun one dimensional (1D) and two dimensional (2D) carbon based polymer nanocomposites are studied in order to determine the effect provided by the two differently structured nanofillers on crystallinity and thermo-mechanical properties of the nanofibres. The nanomaterials studied are pristine carbon nanotubes, oxidised carbon nanotubes, reduced graphene oxide and graphene oxide. Functional groups associated with the order structure of the polymers are analysed by infrared and Raman spectroscopies; the morphology is studied by scanning electron microscopy and the crystallinity properties are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Differences in crystallisation behaviour between 1D and 2D carbon based nanofibres are shown by their crystallinity degree and their crystal sizes. The nanocomposite crystal sizes perpendicular to the plane (100) decrease with nanofiller content in all cases. The crystallinity trend and crystal sizes are in accordance with storage modulus response. The results also suggest that functionalisation favours interfacial bonding and dispersion of the nanomaterials within the polymer matrix. As a consequence the number of nucleating sites increases which in turn decreases the crystal size in the nanocomposites. These features explain the improved thermo-mechanical properties in the nanocomposites.
RESUMO
El propósito de este estudio fue conocer la composición fisicoquímica del mineral trióxido agregado: MTA, ya que a dicha composición se le ha dado la capacidad de ser una excelente opción para aplicarlo en diversos tratameintos utilizados en endodoncia. La determinación de la composición química por medio de ensayos analíticos químicos y difracción de rayos X reportó que el 18 por ciento del material es insoluble en agua, 0,36 por ciento corresponde a MgO y el 90 por ciento a CaO; posee una cristalinidad cercana al 80 por ciento, siendo un material complejo natural cristalino. La prueba de calentamiento directo a 37 grados C reportó que el material expuesto a esta temperatura una hora y media comienza a perder cristalinidad y con ello adherencia. La técnica de barrido diferencial indicó un punto de fusión a los 100 grados C, con el potenciómetro se verificó su pH alcaino y la cuantificación de iones calcio a partir del espectrofotómetro de absorción atómica (Perkin Elmer 5100) mostró 8.8 ppm a las 24 horas y 7 días, de 10.08 ppm a los 15 días y de 10.10 ppm a los 21 días. El MTA es un compuesto complejo en que destaca su gran contenido de calcio, ligado químicamente al Mg, Al, Si y O. Su pH alcalino es propicio para la inhibición bacteriana y su alta cristalinidad le da su gran adhesividad