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1.
J Nerv Ment Dis ; 209(10): 773-776, 2021 10 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34582404

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: The present study examines the moderating role of total, intrinsic, and extrinsic religiosity in the relation between perceived discrimination and sympathy for violent radicalization (VR) among college students in Quebec, Canada. A total of 931 students responded to an online questionnaire and were included in this study. Linear mixed-effects models were conducted to account for the clustered nature of the data, and moderation was assessed via interaction analysis using cross-product terms in the models. Findings indicated that both intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity had a protective role in the link between perceived discrimination and sympathy for VR and buffered the effects of sadness in response to discrimination on sympathy for VR, but not the effects of anger in response to discrimination. These results provide evidence of the protective role of religiosity in Canada, a social context characterized by an increase in religious discrimination, but which also supports religious diversity.


Assuntos
Religião e Psicologia , Discriminação Social/psicologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Terrorismo/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Atitude , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Proteção , Quebeque , Universidades , Adulto Jovem
2.
Transcult Psychiatry ; 58(5): 654-668, 2021 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31180826

RESUMO

Identity issues have been at the forefront in studies on determinants of youth violent radicalization. Identity uncertainty and identity fusion appear to be associated with quests for meaning, which may find some answers in extremist discourses and radical engagements. This process has been considered to be particularly important for second-generation migrants who have to negotiate multiple identities, sometimes in situations of social adversity. This paper aims to understand the relations between collective identity, social adversity (discrimination and exposure to violence), and sympathy for violent radicalization in College students in Quebec. This mixed-method study consisted of a large online survey conducted at eight colleges in Quebec. Multilevel analysis accounted for the clustered nature of data while generalized additive mixed models were used to study nonlinear relations. Results highlight the complex associations between collective identity and youth sympathy for violent radicalization. They confirm that negative public representations of minority communities may lead to more sympathy for violent radicalization. Although results suggest that strong enough identities can act as protective anchorages for youth, they also indicate that when collective identity becomes too central in personal identity this may accentuate othering processes and legitimize violence toward the out-group. These results have implications for prevention programs. They indicate that improving the public image of minority communities through mainstream media or the social media may increase youth public self-esteem and decrease their sympathy for violent radicalization. They also invite the education field to foster the development of strong plural identities.


Assuntos
Agressão , Identificação Social , Adolescente , Emoções , Humanos , Estudantes , Violência
3.
Sante Ment Que ; 45(2): 125-145, 2020.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33651936

RESUMO

Objective The central objective of this paper is to explore the dynamic interactions between 5 sets of variables, which are Sociodemographic Characteristics, Satisfaction with Life, Perceived Discrimination, Religiosity and Emotional Distress within Montreal's Tariqa Qadiriya Boudchichiya, a Muslim Sufi way whose origins are Moroccan and date back to the 18th century. Method As a method, we considered psychological distress as the dependent variable and performed univariate descriptive statistical analyzes, bivariate correlation analyzes (Pearson correlation), one-way ANOVA analyzes, and multivariate analyzes (linear regressions). Results Our results, although preliminary due to a relatively small sample (n = 56), allow us to put forward a new hypothesis suggesting that the intense spiritual practice that characterizes the Tariqa, would allow "a work of the self on self" through a set of "techniques of the self" (Foucault) that contribute to a certain emotional well-being, if not to mental health. Conclusion Our conclusion underlines the importance of investigating more in depth the possible contribution of religiosity to the subject's capacity to act on oneself in order to emerge as a spiritual, ethical and political subject.


Assuntos
Islamismo/psicologia , Saúde Mental , Satisfação Pessoal , Angústia Psicológica , Discriminação Social , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dados Preliminares , Quebeque , Espiritualidade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
4.
Transcult Psychiatry ; 56(6): 1170-1190, 2019 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29516775

RESUMO

Morocco has become a permanent transit country for tens of thousands of sub-Saharan migrants heading to Europe. Many of these migrants are women who have a precarious legal status and can no longer reach Europe, whose borders have been considerably securitized since September 11, 2001. They also have no wish to risk their lives again returning south across the Sahara Desert. This paper discusses the results of an exploratory research project conducted in Morocco on the relationships between the sub-Saharan migrant women's traumatic experiences, social invisibility, and emotional distress in the context of a massive securitization of Euro-Mediterranean borders.


Assuntos
Pobreza , Angústia Psicológica , Isolamento Social , Migrantes/psicologia , Violência/psicologia , Adulto , África Subsaariana/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Marrocos
5.
Transcult Psychiatry ; 56(6): 1139-1154, 2019 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27418583

RESUMO

This paper discusses results from a pilot study conducted in the spring of 2014 among young adults living in Montreal. The main objective of this study was to assess the relation between perception of the Charter of Quebec Values, 1 self-identification, perception of intercommunity relations, perceived discrimination, and psychological well-being in young students enrolled in undergraduate or graduate programs of a francophone university in Montreal. A total of 441 students (30.5% male, 69.5% female) took part in a web survey designed by the research team. The data analyses and results suggest that the debate around the Charter of Quebec values was associated with a shift from a predominantly positive perception of intercommunity relations to a predominantly negative one, particularly among women, immigrants, and those who self-identified as cultural or religious minorities. In addition, more than 30% of participants reported having experienced some form of ethnic or religious discrimination since the Charter was released (personally or as a witness). This was particularly the case among immigrants, as well as those who self-identified as bicultural or from cultural or religious minority groups. This study's results thus highlight the exacerbation of intercommunity tensions linked to the public debate around identity and intercommunity relations in Quebec.


Assuntos
Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Etnicidade/psicologia , Grupos Minoritários/psicologia , Identificação Social , Estudantes/psicologia , Aculturação , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Idioma , Masculino , Projetos Piloto , Quebeque/etnologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Universidades , Adulto Jovem
6.
Arch Public Health ; 77: 45, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31666951

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Discrepancies among studies suggest that the relation between social adversity and sympathy for violent radicalization (SVR) is multifaceted and may differ according to social context. This paper examines the role of depression, religiosity and social support in the relation between social adversity (i.e., discrimination and exposure to violence) and SVR among college students in Quebec, Canada. METHODS: A total of 1894 students responded to an online questionnaire posted on the internet of eight colleges. Multilevel analyses were first conducted to account for the clustered nature of the data, followed by mediation and moderation analyses. RESULTS: First generation migrants reported less SVR than second generation youth and non-immigrants. The mediating and/or moderating role of depression, religiosity and social support was examined through causal inference models. Depression mediated the relation between social adversity and SVR, with depression scores accounting for 47% and 25% of the total effect between discrimination and exposure to violence and SVR scores, respectively. Religiosity and social support moderated the association between social adversity and SVR. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that prevention programs should consider violent radicalization as a systemic issue which involves both minorities and the majority, although the specific balance between risk and protective factors may be influenced by local dynamics. They also question intervention measures targeting specifically migrants or ethno-cultural communities because of the risk of increasing profiling and stigmatization. Prevention programs should prioritize decreasing discrimination in colleges, as well as the provision of psychosocial support to depressed youth who experience social adversity.

8.
Soc Sci Med ; 62(11): 2774-85, 2006 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16412544

RESUMO

Men's pre- and extra-marital sexual behavior has been identified as the primary factor in the growing HIV/STI epidemic among both males and females in India. One major barrier to reaching men has been their underutilization of public health services, which has severely limited programs geared to prevention and early case identification. A significant number of men in India have strong culturally-based sexual health concerns, much of which are derived from "semen-loss" and deficiencies in sexual performance. This paper reports on an ongoing Indo-US project that has focused on men's concerns about sexual health problems and assesses the services provided by non-allopaths in three low-income communities in Mumbai. Findings indicate that the primary health resources for these men are private, community-based non-allopaths, who identify themselves as ayurvedic, unani and homeopathic providers. The paper suggests that the combination of strong culturally-based sexual health concerns and the presence of private non-allopaths who manage these problems present a window of opportunity for intervention programs to address the challenge of HIV/STI prevention and early case identification in India.


Assuntos
Medicina Tradicional , Pobreza , Comportamento Sexual , População Urbana , Adulto , Humanos , Índia , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino
9.
J Urban Health ; 83(4): 614-24, 2006 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16755388

RESUMO

The objectives of this paper are to (1) understand the nature of men's extramarital sexuality in three low income communities in Mumbai, India; (2) explore the associations between marital relationships and extramarital sex; and (3) assess the implications of the research results for intervention. Results are based on survey data collected from 2,408 randomly selected men from the three study communities and a matched subset of 260 randomly selected men and their wives who responded to a female version of the men's survey. These surveys produced a unique data set, which allows sociodemographic, attitudinal and behavioral variables from husband and wife and variables that are the product of husband and wife interaction to be utilized to predict men's extramarital sex through multiple sequential logistic regression analysis. Results indicate that men's extramarital sex is significantly associated with husband's and wife's age, wife's perception of domestic violence, husband's education and place of birth, husband's alcohol use, wife's willingness to engage in marital sex, and types of marital sexual acts. These results confirm the need to move from the individual to the couple as the unit of research and the need for intervention to reduce the risk of HIV/STI transmission within marriage both in India and internationally.


Assuntos
Relações Extramatrimoniais , Casamento , Pobreza , Sexo sem Proteção , Adulto , Coleta de Dados , Feminino , Humanos , Índia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Comportamento Sexual
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