The biochemical pathways of apoptotic, necroptotic, pyroptotic, and ferroptotic cell death.

Apoptosis, the first regulated form of cell death discovered in mammalian cells, is executed by caspase-3/7, which are dormant in living cells but become activated by upstream caspase-8 or caspase-9 in responding to extracellular cytokines or intracellular stress signals, respectively. The same cell death-inducing cytokines also cause necroptosis when caspase-8 is inhibited, resulting in the activation of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), which phosphorylates pseudokinase MLKL to trigger its oligomerization and membrane-disrupting activity. Caspase-1/4/5/11, known as inflammatory caspases, instead induce pyroptosis by cleaving gasdermin D, whose caspase-cleaved N terminus forms pores on the plasma membrane. The membrane protein NINJ1 amplifies the extent of membrane rupture initiated by gasdermin D. Additionally, disturbance of peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid tails of membrane phospholipids triggers ferroptosis, an iron-dependent and caspases-independent necrotic death. This review will discuss how these regulated cell death pathways act individually and interconnectively in particular cell types to carry out specific physiological and pathological functions.

UGT gene family identification and functional analysis of HvUGT1 under drought stress in wild barley.

Drought stress poses a significant threat to global agriculture, highlighting the urgent need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying plant drought tolerance. The UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) gene family plays crucial roles in diverse biological processes in plants. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the UGT gene family in wild barley EC_S1, focusing on gene characteristics, subcellular localization, phylogenetic relationships, and protein structure. A total of 175 UGT gene family members were identified, exhibiting diverse patterns in protein length, molecular weight, isoelectric point, hydrophilicity, and subcellular localization. Most genes are located at chromosome ends. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the UGT genes into seven clusters, with barley-specific group E. Expression analysis across barley tissues showed upregulation in roots and senescent leaves, implying diverse roles. Under drought stress, expression patterns varied, with drought-tolerant varieties showing fewer changes than sensitive ones. Clustering analysis revealed distinct expression patterns, suggesting regulatory functions in barley's drought response. As a case, the HvUGT1 was cloned. Overexpression of HvUGT1 in Arabidopsis enhanced drought tolerance, with increased water retention, reduced cell damage, and elevated flavonoid levels. Conversely, HvUGT1 silencing in wild barley decreased drought tolerance, accompanied by reduced antioxidant enzyme activity and flavonoid content. These results highlight HvUGT1's importance in enhancing plant drought tolerance, possibly through flavonoid-mediated ROS clearance. The research provides gene resources and valuable insights for the development of drought-resistant crops through targeted genetic manipulation strategies. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01487-w.

Multidimensional stitching method with wavelength tuned interferometry and unconstrained support tooling for large-thin parallel plate.

Limited by measurement methods, measuring the surfaces and thickness of large thin parallel plates has been challenging. In this paper, we propose a multi-dimensional stitching method using thickness alignment (MSuTA), which use the sub-aperture stitching method based on the phenomenon of parallel plate self-interference with wavelength-tuned interferometer (WTI) for measuring the surfaces and thickness of large thin parallel plates. We establish the stitching correction model based on Legendre polynomial to separate the aberrations caused by the elastic deformation of the thin plate in the unconstrained support tooling by analyzing the influence of the stress state of the thin plate with unconstrained three-point support. The stitching experiment has carried out on 6.3 mm thick, 6-inch parallel plates that the stitching residual is better than 0.35 nm RMS. Compared with 12-inch vertical interferometer, the surfaces and thickness deviation are better than 0.8 nm RMS, and the 36 standard Legendre polynomial coefficient deviation are better than 2.5 nm. Moreover, MSuTA can improves the lateral resolution of the measurement by nearly four times, allowing for a display of more comprehensive surface information. The stitching method proposed in this paper will be widely applied in the manufacture and measurement of large thin parallel plates, and provide reference for the elastic deformation analysis of the thin optical elements in the unconstrained support tooling.

Aryne and CO2-based formal [2 + 2 + 2] annulation to access tetrahydroisoquinoline-fused benzoxazinones.

Tetrahydroisoquinoline and its fused polyheterocycles are prevalent structural motifs found in numerous natural products. In this study, we report a highly efficient and convergent synthetic approach for the construction of tetrahydroisoquinoline-fused polyheterocycles through a three-component formal [2 + 2 + 2] annulation process by combining 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines, CO2, and benzynes. Notably, electron-rich 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines and electron-deficient benzynes exhibit greater reactivity in this annulation. Moreover, this method benefits from the convergent synthesis and the utilization of carbon dioxide, providing a valuable strategy for the facile synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinoline-fused polyheterocycles, with potential applications in the discovery and development of novel organic molecules.

The effects of information platform-based nursing on preventing venous thromboembolism in patients with hip fractures.

PURPOSE: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major health issue among hip fracture patients. This study aimed to develop an information platform based on a mobile application and then evaluate whether information platform-based nursing could improve patient's drug compliance and reduce the incidence of VTE in hip fracture patients. METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed hip fracture patients who were treated with conventional prevention and intervention methods for VTE (control group) between January 2008 and November 2012, and prospectively analyzed hip fracture patients who were treated with nursing intervention based on the information platform (study group) between January 2016 and September 2017. All the patients included in the both groups were hip fracture patients who had an age over 50 years, treated with surgery, and hospitalized ≥ 48 h. Patients were excluded if they admitted to hospital due to old fractures, had a severe bleeding after 72 h of admission, diagnosed with any type of VTE, or refused to participate in the study. The information platform was divided into medical, nursing, and patient interface. Based on the information platform, medical practitioners and nurses could perform risk assessments, monitoring management and early warnings, preventions and treatments, health educations, follow-up, and other aspects of nursing interventions for patients. This study compared essential characteristics, drug compliance, VTE occurrence, and mean length of hospitalization between the two groups. Besides, a subgroup analysis was performed in the study group according to different drug compliances. SPSS 18.0 software (IBM Corp., NY, and USA) was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Altogether 1177 patients were included in the control group, and 491 patients in the study group. Regarding baseline data, patients in the study group had more morbidities than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The difference of drug compliance between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001): 761 (64.7%) of the patients in the control group and only 30 (6.1%) patients in the study group had poor drug compliance. In terms of VTE, 10.7% patients (126/1177) in the control group had VTE, and the rate in the study group was 7.1% (35/491), showing a statistically significant difference (p = 0.02). Moreover, the average length of hospitalization in the study group was also significantly lower than that in the control group (10.4 days vs. 13.7 days, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses of the study group showed that the incidence of VTE in patients with poor, partial, and good compliances were 56.7% (17/30), 5.8% (10/171), and 2.8% (8/290), respectively, revealing a significantly huge difference (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Poor drug compliance leads to higher VTE occurrence. The information platform-based nursing can effectively improve the compliance of hip fracture patients and thus considerably reduce the incidence of VTE. The mobile application may be an effective tool to prevent VTE in hip fracture patients.

Expression and prognostic characteristics of m5 C regulators in low-grade glioma.

Glioma is the most common intracranial malignant tumour. A clear diagnosis and molecular targeted therapy are of great significance for improving the survival time and quality of life of patients with low-grade glioma. 5-methylcytosine methylation is one of the ways of RNA modification, but there are limited studies on the role of m5 C methylation of low-grade glioma. Single-nucleotide variant, RNA expression matrix and corresponding clinical data of low-grade glioma came from public database. The single-nucleotide variant and expression of m5 C regulators were estimated. A prognostic model based on m5 C regulators was constructed by Cox regression. Potential functions of these molecules were assessed by gene set enrichment analysis. DNMT3A mutation was the most frequent among the m5 C regulators in low-grade glioma. NSUN3, TET2, TRDMT1, ALYREF, DNMT3B, DNMT1, NOP2 and NSUN2 were up-regulated. One prognostic model was constructed which had a strong predictive power for the overall survival of low-grade glioma. We studied the expression and prognostic characteristics of m5 C regulators in low-grade glioma, supplied biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis and provided the foundation for the study of the pathogenesis of low-grade glioma.

Construction of a SUMOylation regulator-based prognostic model in low-grade glioma.

Low-grade glioma (LGG) is an intracranial malignant tumour that mainly originates from astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. SUMOylation is one of the post-translational modifications but studies of SUMOylation in LGG is quite limited. Transcriptome data, single nucleotide variant (SNV) data and clinical data of LGG were derived from public databases. The differences between the expression of SUMOylation regulators in LGG and normal brain tissue were analysed. Cox regression was used to construct a prognostic model in the training cohort. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and ROC curves were plotted in the training and the validation cohort to evaluate the effectiveness of the prognostic model. GO and KEGG analyses were applied to preliminarily analyse the biological functions. Compared with normal brain tissue, SENP1 and SENP7 were up-regulated and SENP5 was down-regulated in LGG. SUMOylation regulators may be involved in functions such as mRNA splicing, DNA replication, ATPase activity and spliceosome. One prognostic model was established based on the 4 SUMOylation regulator-related signatures (RFWD3, MPHOSPH9, WRN and NUP155), which had a good predictive ability for overall survival. This study is expected to provide targets for the diagnosis and treatment of low-grade glioma.

Analyses of metastasis-associated genes in IDH wild-type glioma.

BACKGROUND: Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the brain. The existence of metastatic tumor cells is an important cause of recurrence even after radical glioma resection. METHODS: Single-cell sequencing data and high-throughput data were downloaded from GEO database and TCGA/CGGA database. By means of PCA and tSNE clustering methods, metastasis-associated genes in glioma were identified. GSEA explored possible biological functions that these metastasis-associated genes may participate in. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to construct a prognostic model. RESULTS: Glioma metastatic cells and metastasis-associated genes were identified. The prognostic model based on metastasis-associated genes had good sensitivity and specificity for the prognosis of glioma. These genes may be involved in signal pathways such as cellular protein catabolic process, p53 signaling pathway, transcriptional misregulation in cancer and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: This study explored glioma metastasis-associated genes through single-cell sequencing data mining, and aimed to identify prognostic metastasis-associated signatures for glioma and may provide potential targets for further cancer research.

A clinical pathway for pre-operative screening of COVID-19 and its influence on clinical outcome in patients with traumatic fractures.

PURPOSE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide pandemic. The toughest issue traumatic orthopaedic surgeons are faced with is how to maintain a balance between adequate COVID-19 screening and timely surgery. In this study, we described our experience with pre-operative COVID-19 screening in patients with traumatic fractures. Furthermore, we analysed the clinical results of fracture patients undergoing confined or emergency surgery during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: This was a case series study. Patients with traumatic fractures who were admitted to our hospital for surgery were enrolled in this study during the COVID-19 outbreak from March to April 2020. All patients were enrolled and managed using the standardized clinical pathway we designed for preoperative COVID-19 screening. Clinical, laboratory and outcome data were analysed. RESULTS: The average surgery waiting time from injury to surgery was 8.7 ± 3.4 days. The average waiting time from admission to surgery was 5.3 ± 2.8 days. These average waiting times were increased by 4.1 days and 2.0 days, respectively, compared with 2019 data. Cardiovascular complications, venous thromboembolism and pneumonia occurred in one, two and one patient, respectively. Three and two patients developed pre-operative and postoperative fevers, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We introduced a novel clinical pathway for pre-operatively screening of COVID-19 in traumatic orthopaedic patients. The delay in surgery caused by COVID-19 screening was minimized to a point at which reasonable and acceptable clinical outcomes were achieved. Doctors should pay more attention to perioperative complications, such as cardiovascular complications, venous thromboembolism, pneumonia and fever.

Survival analysis of immune-related lncRNA in low-grade glioma.

BACKGROUND: Low-grade glioma is grade I-II glioma. Immunotherapy is a promising way of tumor killing. Research on immune molecular mechanisms in low-grade gliomas and discovery of new immune checkpoints for low-grade gliomas are of great importance. METHODS: Gene sequencing data and clinical data of low-grade glioma were downloaded from TCGA database. Prognosis related lncRNAs were identified by Cox regression and their possible functions were found by gene enrichment set analysis. RESULTS: A total of 529 low-grade glioma samples and 5 non-tumor brain tissue samples are obtained from the TCGA database. Two hundred forty-seven immune-associated lncRNAs are screened. Cox regression showed that 16 immune-related lncRNAs are associated with low-grade glioma prognosis, and 7 lncRNAs are independent risk factors. Gene set enrichment analysis suggests that these molecules are enriched in extracellular region, sequence-specific DNA binding, neuropeptide signaling pathway, transcriptional misregulation in cancer, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, protein digestion and absorption, chemokine signaling pathway, etc. CONCLUSION: The identification of immune-related lncRNA may provide new targets for the research of the molecular mechanisms and treatment of low-grade glioma.

Exchange of genetic material: a new paradigm in bone cell communications.

An emerging concept in intercellular communication in mammals is that communication can be mediated by exchange of genetic material, mainly in the form of RNAs. In this review, we discuss recent studies that describe the trafficking of genetic material with a focus on bone cell communication. Three major carriers are discussed: gap junctions, protein-binding complexes, and genetic material exchange mediated by extracellular vesicles. While protein-level exchange has been well documented, no review has summarized the novel paradigm of cell-to-cell communication by genetic information exchange in bone tissues or its biological relevance in terms of bone homeostasis and bone-related diseases. The purpose of this review is to promote further understanding of this novel discovery regarding bone cell communication and provide references for further investigations.

Detection and prediction of anomalous behaviors of enterprise's employees based on data-mining and optimization algorithm.

Internal employees have always been at the core of organizational security management challenges. Once an employee exhibits behaviors that threaten the organization, the resulting damage can be profound. Therefore, analyzing reasonably stored behavioral data can equip managers with effective threat monitoring and warning solutions. Through data-mining, a knowledge graph for internal threat data is deduced, and models for detecting anomalous behaviors and predicting resignations are developed. Initially, data-mining is employed to model the knowledge ontology of internal threats and construct the knowledge graph; subsequently, using the behavioral characteristics, the BP neural network is optimized with the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA), establishing a detection model for anomalous behaviors (SBP); additionally, behavioral sequences are processed through data feature vectorization. Utilizing SBP, the LSTM network is further optimized, creating a predictive model for employee behaviors (SLSTM); ultimately, SBP detects anomalous behaviors, while SLSTM predicts resignation intentions, thus enhancing detection strategies for at-risk employees. The integration of these models forms a comprehensive threat detection technology within the organization. The efficacy and practicality of detecting anomalous behaviors and predicting resignations using SBP and SLSTM are demonstrated, comparing them with other algorithms and analyzing potential causes of misjudgment. This work has enhanced the detection efficiency and update speed of abnormal employee behaviors, lowered the misjudgment rate, and significantly mitigated the impact of internal threats on the organization.

Prediction techniques of movie box office using neural networks and emotional mining.

Box office prediction is of great significance for understanding investment risks, class construction, promotion and distribution, and theater scheduling. However, due to the insufficient selection of influencing factors of movie box office, the currently existing prediction model restricts the prediction accuracy. A total of 34 influencing factors in 11 categories, such as heat index, movie types, release date, creators, first-day box office, were selected to study the prediction technology of movie box office. The Word2vec algorithm is used to construct a feature thesaurus for nouns in movie domain; adjectives and verbs with emotional coloring are used to construct an emotional dictionary based on the movie domain; and the TF-IDF algorithm is integrated to calculate the emotional scores of movie comments. A prediction method based on comments and Multivariate Linear Regression (MLR) is designed to analyze the relationship between the influencing factors and the movie box office, which provides an important basis for the prediction of the total box office, and also provides a decision-making reference for the movie industry and the related management departments. Incorporating comments as feature values to improve the accuracy, a prediction model based on comments and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is constructed. The results show that the average prediction accuracy of the MLR without comments, Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN), and CNN is 63.4%, 68.3%, and 71.9%, respectively, and after integrating the comments, the average prediction accuracy of the MLR and CNN is improved by 16.1% and 11.8%, respectively, and the prediction accuracy is significantly improved.

Natural iron minerals in an electrocatalytic oxidation system and in situ pollutant removal in groundwater: Applications, mechanisms, and challenges.

Natural iron-bearing minerals are widely distributed in the environment and show prominent catalytic performance in pollutant removal. This work provides an overview of groundwater restoration technologies utilizing heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) techniques with the aid of different iron forms as catalysts. In particular, applications of natural iron-bearing minerals in groundwater in the HEF system have been thoroughly summarized from either the view of organic pollutant removal or degradation. Based on the analysis of the catalytic mechanism in the HEF process by pyrite (FeS2), goethite (α-FeOOH), and magnetite (Fe3O4) and the geochemistry analysis of these natural iron-bearing minerals in groundwater, the feasibility and challenges of HEF for organic degradation by using typical iron minerals in groundwater have been discussed, and natural factors affecting the HEF process have been analyzed so that appropriate in situ remedial measures can be applied to contaminated groundwater.

Preoperative Anemia and Risk of In-hospital Postoperative Complications in Patients with Hip Fracture.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of preoperative anemia on postoperative complications after hip fracture surgery. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study including hip fracture patients at a teaching hospital between 2005 and 2022. We defined preoperative anemia as the last hemoglobin measurement level before surgery < 130 g/L for men and < 120 g/L for women. The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital major complications, including pneumonia, respiratory failure, gastrointestinal bleeding, urinary tract infection, incision infection, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and death. Secondary outcomes were cardiovascular events, infection, pneumonia, and death. We used multivariate negative binomial or logistic regression to evaluate the impact of anemia and its severity, categorized as mild (90-130 g/L for men, 90-120 g/L for women) or moderate-to-severe (< 90 g/L for both) anemia on outcomes. Results: Of the 3540 included patients, 1960 had preoperative anemia. 188 anemic patients experienced 324 major complications, while 63 non-anemic patients had 94 major complications. The risk of major complications was 165.3 (95% CI, 149.5-182.4) and 59.5 (95% CI, 48.9-72.3) per 1000 persons in anemic and non-anemic patients, respectively. Anemic patients were more likely to have major complications than non-anemic patients (adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR), 1.87; 95% CI, 1.30-2.72), which was consistent in mild (aIRR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.22-2.59) and moderate-to-severe (aIRR, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.65-5.38) anemia. Preoperative anemia also increased the risk of cardiovascular events (aIRR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.29-3.01), infection (aIRR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.01-2.86), pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.91; 95% CI, 1.06-3.57), and death (aOR, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.06-11.89). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that even mild preoperative anemia is associated with major postoperative complications in hip fracture patients. This finding highlights considering preoperative anemia as a risk factor in surgical decision-making for high-risk patients.

Control the greenhouse gas emission via mediating the dissimilatory iron reduction: Fulvic acid inhibit secondary mineralization of ferrihydrite.

Reducing methane emission is of great importance to control the global greenhouse effect. Dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR) coupling of organic matter decomposition may suppress methane production via reducing primary electron donors available for methanogenesis. However, during DIR, the amorphous iron oxides (e.g., ferrihydrite) are easy to transform into more stable crystalline iron minerals, which slowdowns the rate of DIR. Humic substance (HS) with redox activity has been extensively reported to facilitate DIR via "electron shuttles" mechanism, yet little known about the effect of HS on mediating the mineralization of iron oxides and the subsequent influences on DIR and methanogenesis. To clarify this, ferrihydrite and fulvic acid (FA) (as the model substance of HS) were supplied to anaerobic methanogenesis systems. Results showed that FA could significantly decrease the formation of crystalline iron oxides, enhance DIR rate by 13.72% and suppress methanogenesis by 25.13% compared to ferrihydrite supplemented only. By X-ray absorption spectra analysis, it was found that FA could complex with ferrihydrite via forming a Fe-C/O structure on the second shell of Fe atom. Quantum chemical calculation further confirmed that FA reduced the adsorption energy between Fe(II) and ferrihydrite. Our study suggested that rational use of HS to mediate mineralization pathway of iron oxides could efficiently improve the availability of iron oxides to drive DIR and control the conversion of organics into CH4 in natural or engineered systems.

Breast Carcinoma with a Special Histological Pattern of Sebaceous Differentiation and High-Frequency Microsatellite Instability: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

The World Health Organization in its 2019 Classification of Breast Tumors termed breast sebaceous carcinoma as invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NST), with a sebaceous pattern. Approximately 30 cases of IBC-NST with a sebaceous pattern have been reported in the literature, and in all cases the expression of mismatch repair proteins in tumors was normal. Here, we report a case of IBC-NST with a sebaceous pattern and high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-H). This case was a sporadic sebaceous pattern of IBC-NST with MSI-H and was unrelated to Muir-Torre syndrome. Its histopathological characteristics were similar to those of MSI-H-associated triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) with a high histological grade but were without tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The tumor did not recur after 20 months of follow-up.

Expression and Prognosis Analysis of SUMOylation Regulators in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on High-Throughput Sequencing.

INTRODUCTION: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) originates from oral mucosal epithelial cells, accounting for more than 90% of oral cancers. The relationship between the expression and prognostic role of SUMOylation regulators in OSCC is rarely studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression and survival data of OSCC were derived from TCGA and GEO databases. Wilcoxon test was used to determine the differential expression of the SUMOylation regulators. A prognostic model based on SUMOylation regulator-related genes was constructed by Cox regression. Gene set enrichment analysis was applied to predict the potential biological functions that the genes might be involved in. RESULTS: RANBP2 and SENP6 had the highest SNV frequency. Eleven genes including PIAS3, RANBP2, USPL1, SENP6, SENP2, SENP5, SAE1, UBA2, PIAS4, UBE2I, and SENP3 were highly expressed in OSCC. The prognostic model based on nine SUMOylation-regulated genes (TRIM37, UFM1, FUBP1, CCNT1, FXR1, HMG20A, RANBP3, SPATA5, and DDX23) had a strong ability to predict the prognosis of OSCC. CONCLUSION: This study might provide targets for prognostic evaluation and targeted therapy of patients with OSCC.

SUMOylation Regulator-Related Molecules Can Be Used as Prognostic Biomarkers for Glioblastoma.

INTRODUCTION: SUMOylation is one of the post-translational modifications. The relationship between the expression of SUMOylation regulators and the prognosis of glioblastoma is not quite clear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The single nucleotide variant data, the transcriptome data, and survival information were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus, and cBioportal database. Wilcoxon test was used to analyze differentially expressed genes between glioblastoma and normal brain tissues. Gene set enrichment analysis was conducted to find the possible functions. One risk scoring model was built by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression. Kaplain-Meier survival curves and receiver operating characteristic curves were applied to evaluate the effectiveness of the model in predicting the prognosis of glioblastoma. RESULTS: Single-nucleotide variant mutations were found in SENP7, SENP3, SENP5, PIAS3, RANBP2, USPL1, SENP1, PIAS2, SENP2, and PIAS1. Moreover, UBE2I, UBA2, PIAS3, and SENP1 were highly expressed in glioblastoma, whereas PIAS1, RANBP2, SENP5, and SENP2 were downregulated in glioblastoma. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the SUMOylation regulators of glioblastoma might involve cell cycle, DNA replication, and other functions. A prognostic model of glioblastoma was constructed based on SUMOylation regulator-related molecules (ATF7IP, CCNB1IP1, and LBH). Kaplain-Meier survival curves and receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the model had a strong ability to predict the overall survival of glioblastoma. CONCLUSION: This study analyzed the expression of 15 SUMOylation regulators in glioblastoma. The risk assessment model was constructed based on the SUMOylation regulator-related genes, which had a strong predictive ability for the overall survival of patients with glioblastoma. It might provide targets for the study of the relationship between SUMOylation and glioblastoma.

Immune-Related lncRNA Risk Signatures Predict Survival of IDH Wild-Type and MGMT Promoter Unmethylated Glioblastoma.

INTRODUCTION: Glioblastoma is the most malignant grade of glioma, and it is also the most common primary tumor in the brain. Immunotherapy is a kind of precise tumor treatment. However, there are limited studies about immune-related lncRNA. This study is aimed at analyzing immune-related lncRNAs in glioblastoma and screening out prognostic factors, providing new potential targets for glioblastoma immunology research. Material and Methods. Gene expression data and clinical data of IDH wild-type with MGMT promoter unmethylated glioblastoma were acquired from the TCGA and CGGA databases. Immune-related lncRNAs were identified with the help of data from the InnateDB database. Immune prognostic factors were recognized by Cox regression analysis. GSEA analysis pursued their potential functions. RESULTS: We found 318 immune-related lncRNAs. Among them, there were 137 immune-related lncRNAs that were upregulated and 181 that were downregulated. 15 prognostic lncRNAs were identified by Cox regression, and a total of 6 molecules were included in the following risk scoring model. GSEA showed that these lncRNAs participated in functions such as protein digestion and absorption and the PPAR signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: There are limited studies about immune regulation mechanisms of lncRNA in IDH wild-type with MGMT promoter unmethylated glioblastoma. The identified immune-related lncRNAs in glioblastoma might contribute new targets and research directions for immunological molecular studies of glioblastoma.