Influence of red propolis on the physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) salami.

To reduce the number of preservatives in foods, this study evaluated the oxidative, microbiological, and sensory stability of fish salami containing a red propolis hydroalcoholic extract (RPHE) in place of the butyl hydroxytoluene (BHT) antioxidant. Initially, the RPHE was characterized chemically and biologically. Subsequently, the antimicrobial and physicochemical activity of the most accepted salami formulation in sensory analysis (F3 = 0.4% RPHE) and of the control formulations (F1 = 0.01% BHT and F5 = without antioxidant) were evaluated during the maturation. RPHE showed promising biological activity. 16 chemical compounds were identified in the RPHE, including the chemical marker formononetin. Salami with 0.4% RPHE showed high sensory acceptance and effectively delayed deterioration (19.67 mg TVB-N 100/g) and lipid oxidation of salami (0.7 mg MDA eq/kg). The use of RPHE as a natural preservative is promising to produce fish salami.

Effects of linear vs. daily undulatory periodized resistance training on maximal and submaximal strength gains.

The objective of this study was to verify the effect of 2 periodized resistance training (RT) methods on the evolution of 1-repetition maximum (1RM) and 8RM loads. Twenty resistance trained men were randomly assigned to 2 training groups: linear periodization (LP) group and daily undulating periodization (DUP) group. The subjects were tested at baseline and after 12 weeks for 1RM and 8RM loads in leg press (LEG) and bench press (BP) exercises. The training program was performed in alternated sessions for upper (session A: chest, shoulder and triceps) and lower body (session B: leg, back and biceps). The 12-week periodized training was applied only in the tested exercises, and in the other exercises, 3 sets of 6-8RM were performed. Both groups exhibited significant increases in 1RM loads on LEG and BP, but no statistically significant difference between groups was observed. The same occurred in 8RM loads on LEG and BP. However, DUP group presented superior effect size (ES) in 1RM and 8RM loads for LEG and BP exercises when compared to the LP group. In conclusion, periodized RT can be an efficient method for increasing the strength and muscular endurance in trained individuals. Although there was no statistically significant difference between periodization models, DUP promoted superior ES gains in muscular maximal and submaximal strength.

Interaction effects of different orders of resistance exercises and rest intervals on performances by young athletes.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to verify the acute effects of different exercise orders and rest intervals between sets on young athletes performance. METHOD: Sixteen young male football players (73.2 ± 4.8 kg, 177.5 ± 5.1 cm, BMI 23.2 ± 1.1, 19.8 ± 0.9 years) completed six experimental strength training (ST) sessions with different exercise order sequences (A and B) and rest interval lengths (1 min, 3 min, and self-selected).In Sequence A the exercises were: bench press (BP), back squat (BS), biceps curl (BC) and plantar flexion (PF); while Sequence B was performed in the opposite order (i.e. PF, BC, BS and BP).The total work volume (TWV) per exercise (sets x repetitions x load) and per training session (sum of the TWV of all exercises) were evaluated for all ST sessions. RESULTS: BC and PF exercises presented higher TWV in sequence B (p ≤ 0.05). Already, the exercises BP, BS and PF presented higher TWV with 3 min and self-selected rest intervals (p ≤ 0.05). The 3-min and self-selected rest intervals presented higher values of TWV per training session compared to the 1-min rest interval (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: The exercise order influenced certain exercises (BC and PF), which presented higher TWV when positioned at the beginning of a sequence. While the longer rest intervals (3 min and self-selected) resulted in higher TWV per exercise (BP, BS and PF) and per training session. These results suggest that self-selected rest interval can be implemented to increase training efficiency in young athletes.

A sodium alginate bilayer coating incorporated with green propolis extract as a powerful tool to extend Colossoma macropomum fillet shelf-life.

Fish deterioration imposes great economic losses and serious human health hazards. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of a sodium alginate bilayer coating incorporated to the green propolis extract in shelf-life, physical-chemical properties, microbiological properties and sensory acceptance of Colossoma macropomum fillets. Additionally, the chemical composition, along with the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Brazilian green propolis extract (GPE) were investigated. GPE showed promising antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Twenty-seven metabolites were identified by gas chromatography (GC-MS), which mainly comprised terpenoids (52.14%). Cyclolaudenol was the major constituent of the GPE and it is described for the first time in green propolis extracts. C. macropomum fillets treated with the sodium alginate bilayer coating showed high sensory acceptance, reduced microbial deterioration and extended shelf-life (up to 11 days) during cold storage. Taken together, these results show that GPE can be a great alternative of a natural preservative for fish coating.

Influence of exercise order on maximum strength and muscle volume in nonlinear periodized resistance training.

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of exercise order on strength and muscle volume (MV) after 12 weeks of nonlinear periodized resistance training. The participants were randomly assigned into 3 groups. One group began performing large muscle group exercises and progressed to small muscle group exercises (LG-SM), whereas another group started with small muscle group exercises and advanced to large muscle group exercises (SM-LG). The exercise order for LG-SM was bench press (BP), machine lat pull-down (LPD), triceps extension (TE), and biceps curl (BC). The order for the SM-LG was BC, TE, LPD, and BP. The third group did not exercise and served as a control group (CG). Training frequency was 2 sessions per week with at least 72 hours of rest between sessions. Muscle volume was assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks and 12 weeks of training by ultrasound techniques. One repetition maximum strength for all exercises was assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of training. Effect size data demonstrated that differences in strength and MV were exhibited based on exercise order. Both training groups demonstrated greater strength improvements than the CG, but only BP strength increased to a greater magnitude in the LG-SM group as compared with the SM-LG. In all other strength measures (LPD, TE, and BC), the SM-LG group showed significantly greater strength increases. Triceps MV increased in the SM-LG group; however, biceps MV did not differ significantly between the training groups. In conclusion, if an exercise is important for the training goals of a program, then it should be placed at the beginning of the training session, regardless of whether or not it is a large muscle group exercise or a small muscle group exercise.

Influence of exercise order on maximum strength and muscle thickness in untrained men.

Traditional exercise order dictates large muscle group or multijoint exercises should be performed before small muscle group or single joint exercises. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of exercise order on strength and muscle thickness (MT) in untrained men after 12 weeks of linear periodized resistance training. The participants were randomly assigned into three groups. One group began with large and progressed toward small muscle group exercises (LG-SM) while another started with small and advanced to large muscle group exercises (SM-LG). The exercise order for LG-SM was bench press (BP), lat pull-down (LPD), triceps extension (TE), and biceps curl (BC). The order for the SM-LG was BC, TE, LPD, and BP. The third group served as a control group (CG). Training frequency was two sessions/week with at least 72 hours between sessions. One repetition maximum (1RM) for all exercises, biceps and triceps MT (assessed by ultrasound techniques) were collected at baseline and after 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, all exercises for both training groups presented significant 1RM strength gains when compared to CG with exception of BC in LG-SM. Between baseline and post training, all exercises for both training groups presented significant strength gains with exception of BC in LG-SM and BP in SM-LG. Triceps MT for both training groups were significantly higher when compared to the CG, but with no significant differences between them (p > 0.05). Significant differences in MT from pre- to post-training were found only for the SM-LG group (p < 0.05), while the biceps MT presented significant differences only between LG-SM and CG (p < 0.05), Effect size data demonstrated differences in 1RM and triceps MT based on exercise order. In conclusion, if an exercise is important for specific training goals, it should be performed at the beginning of the training session, whether or not it is a large or a small muscle group exercise. Key pointsThe two linear periodized resistance training programs utilized promotes strength and muscle volume gains in untrained men.Exercise order may be particularly important to improve strength during 12 weeks of linear periodized resistance training.If an exercise is important for the training goals of a program, then it should be placed at the beginning of the training session, whether or not it is a large or a small muscle group exercise.

Rest interval between sets in strength training.

Strength training has become one of the most popular physical activities for increasing characteristics such as absolute muscular strength, endurance, hypertrophy and muscular power. For efficient, safe and effective training, it is of utmost importance to understand the interaction among training variables, which might include the intensity, number of sets, rest interval between sets, exercise modality and velocity of muscle action. Research has indicated that the rest interval between sets is an important variable that affects both acute responses and chronic adaptations to resistance exercise programmes. The purpose of this review is to analyse and discuss the rest interval between sets for targeting specific training outcomes (e.g. absolute muscular strength, endurance, hypertrophy and muscular power). The Scielo, Science Citation Index, National Library of Medicine, MEDLINE, Scopus, Sport Discus and CINAHL databases were used to locate previous original scientific investigations. The 35 studies reviewed examined both acute responses and chronic adaptations, with rest interval length as the experimental variable. In terms of acute responses, a key finding was that when training with loads between 50% and 90% of one repetition maximum, 3-5 minutes' rest between sets allowed for greater repetitions over multiple sets. Furthermore, in terms of chronic adaptations, resting 3-5 minutes between sets produced greater increases in absolute strength, due to higher intensities and volumes of training. Similarly, higher levels of muscular power were demonstrated over multiple sets with 3 or 5 minutes versus 1 minute of rest between sets. Conversely, some experiments have demonstrated that when testing maximal strength, 1-minute rest intervals might be sufficient between repeated attempts; however, from a psychological and physiological standpoint, the inclusion of 3- to 5-minute rest intervals might be safer and more reliable. When the training goal is muscular hypertrophy, the combination of moderate-intensity sets with short rest intervals of 30-60 seconds might be most effective due to greater acute levels of growth hormone during such workouts. Finally, the research on rest interval length in relation to chronic muscular endurance adaptations is less clear. Training with short rest intervals (e.g. 20 seconds to 1 minute) resulted in higher repetition velocities during repeated submaximal muscle actions and also greater total torque during a high-intensity cycle test. Both of these findings indirectly demonstrated the benefits of utilizing short rest intervals for gains in muscular endurance. In summary, the rest interval between sets is an important variable that should receive more attention in resistance exercise prescription. When prescribed appropriately with other important prescriptive variables (i.e. volume and intensity), the amount of rest between sets can influence the efficiency, safety and ultimate effectiveness of a strength training programme.

[Prevalence and characteristics of headache in a population of regular physical exercise practitioners]. / Prevalência e características da cefaléia em uma população de praticantes regulares de exercícios físicos.

BACKGROUND: The burden of headache may impede sufferers from adhering to a routine of physical activity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of headache in a health club population. METHOD: One hundred attendees of a health club were interviewed. They all were regular attendees for the previous 12 months and practiced aerobic exercises no less than 3 times a week. A questionnaire with characteristics of headache was applied to all who had a headache attack during the previous 12 months. MIDAS questionnaire was used as well. RESULTS: 57 men and 43 women were included. Eighty subjects had a headache attack, which was pulsatile in 63% of the sufferers. MIDAS was lower than 5 days in 83% of the subjects. CONCLUSION: Although retrospective and based on recall, this study suggests that most of the regular exercise practitioners presented clinical characteristics of migraine. It is uncertain whether the regular practice of physical exercise has a role in reducing the impact life or those suffering less are the ones who practice exercise.

O efeito agudo do fst-7 no desempenho, variáveis metabólicas e respostas perceptivas em homens bem treinados / Acute effect of fst-7 on performance, metabolic variables, and perceptual responses in well-trained men

O método Fascia Stretch Training 7 Sets (FST-7) ganhou popularidade nos últimos anos sendo disseminado por fisiculturistas norte-americanos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os efeitos do protocolo de treinamento do método FST-7 com ou sem alongamento passivo entre as séries nas variáveis metabólicas (lactato [LAC] e creatinofosfoquinase [CPK]), desempenho (volume total de treinamento ­ VTT) e percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) em homens bem treinados. Nove homens (23, 2 ± 1,7 anos; 174,2 ± 6,2 cm; 84,6 ± 9,8 kg, 3,4 ± 1,0 anos de experiência em treinamento de força) foram submetidos ao teste e re-teste de 10 repetições máximas (10RM) nos exercícios supino reto livre e crucifixo horizontal com halteres em dias distintos, respeitando 48 horas de intervalo entre a s sessões de teste e re-teste. Decorridas 72 horas do último dia de teste, os participantes realizaram os protocolos experimentais de forma randomizada com 72 horas de intervalo entre as sessões. As coletas sanguíneas foram realizadas 10 minutos antes e imediatamente após os protocolos de treinamento. O protocolo sem alongamento aumentou significativamente a concentração de LAC (p = 0,029). No entanto, o mesmo não ocorreu para a concentração de CPK (p = 0,302). O VTT foi maior para o protocolo sem alongamento (p < 0,001) e a PSE foi maior para o protocolo com alongamento entre as séries (p = 0,003). Concluímos que o método FST-7 com alongamento resultou em uma maior PSE, o que pode estar relacionado com o declínio do desempenho, traduzido pelo menor VTT em relação à condição sem alongamento. Adicionalmente, o menor VTT pode ter afetado o menor acúmulo de LAC observado no método FST-7 com o alongamento. (AU)

The Fascia Stretch Training 7 Sets (FST-7) method has gained popularity in the recent years being disseminated by American bodybuilders. The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of the Fascia Stretch Training 7 Sets (FST-7) method with or without passive stretching between sets on metabolic variables (lactate [LAC] and creatine kinase [CK]), performance (total training volume - TTV) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in trained men. For this, nine recreationally trained men (23.2 ± 1.7 years; 174.2 ± 6.2 cm; 84.6 ± 9.8 kg, 3.4 ± 1.0 years of experience in strength training) were submitted to the test and re-test of 10 repetition maximum (10RM) in the barbell bench press and fly with dumbbells on different days, respecting a 48-hour interval between the test and re-test sessions. After 72 hours of the last test day, participants performed the experimental protocols in randomized order with a 72-hour interval between sessions. Blood samples were taken 10 minutes before and immediately after the training protocols. The protocol without stretching was significantly increased LAC concentrations (p = 0.029). However, the same did not occur for the concentration of CK (p = 0.302). The TTV was higher for the protocol without stretching (p < 0.001), and the RPE was significantly higher for the protocol with stretching between sets (p = 0.003). We concluded that the FST-7 method with stretching resulted in higher RPE, which may be related to the decline in performance, translated by the lower TTV in relation to the condition without stretching. This lower TTV may have affected the lower LAC accumulation observed in the FST-7 method with stretching. (AU)

Radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities of Croton zehntneri, Pterodon emarginatus and Schinopsis brasiliensis essential oils and their major constituents: estragole, trans-anethole, ß-caryophyllene and myrcene.

The essential oils (EOs) from the Brazilian species Croton zehntneri, Pterodon emarginatus and Schinopsis brasiliensis were examined for their chemical constituents, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The composition of EOs was determined by using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analysis, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated through the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity was investigated against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (both Gram-negative), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Candida parapsilosis (fungus). The main components of C. zehntneri, P. emarginatus and S. brasiliensis were identified as estragole, trans-anethole, ß-caryophyllene and myrcene. Among the EOs, P. emarginatus showed the highest antioxidant activity, with an IC50 of 7.36 mg/mL and a Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity of 3748 µmol/g determined by DPPH and ORAC assays, respectively. All EOs showed low activities against the bacterial strains tested, whereas the C. zehntneri oil and its main constituent estragole exhibited an appreciable antifungal activity against C. parapsilosis.

God‘s eyes and the schizophrenic hands: listening to a psychiatric patient / Os olhos de Deus e as mãos esquizofrênicas: escutando um paciente psiquiátrico / Les yeux de Dieu et les mains schizophrènes: à l'écoute d'un patient de psychiatrie / Los ojos de Dios y las manos esquizofrénicas: escuchando un paciente psiquiátrico

This article describes the intriguing case of a young female patient first seen in the emergency room and then followed up at the psychiatric outpatient facility of the General Hospital at UNICAMP, Brazil. The cooperation that ensued between psychiatrists and a psychoanalyst toreach a psychopathological diagnosis is also presented here. The differential diagnosis is discussed within a psychiatric framework andthen contributions from listening to the patient’s free associations related to the clarification of her psychopathology are described. The clinical collaboration between psychiatry and psychoanalysis proved effective in this case as a clinical method for approaching the patient.

Relatamos um intrigante caso de uma jovem paciente atendida no Pronto-Socorro e, depois, no Ambulatório de Psiquiatria do HC-UNICAMP, e descrevemos a colaboração estabelecida entre psiquiatras e psicanalista, com o intuito de realizar um diagnóstico psicopatológico. Discutimos a sintomatologia e o diagnóstico diferencial da paciente em termos médicos e mostramos, a partir de alguns fragmentos da escuta das associações livres do paciente, como o quadro psicopatológico foi finalmente elucidado. A colaboração clínica entre a psiquiatria e psicanálise se mostrou profícua neste caso,como método clínico, na abordagem do sujeito psicopatológico.

Relatamos el caso instigador de una joven paciente tratada en la sala de emergencia y después en la Clínica de Psiquiatría del HC-UNICAMP; describimos también la cooperación establecida entre psiquiatras y psicoanalista para larealización del diagnóstico de la psicopatología. Discutimos la sintomatología y el diagnóstico diferencial de la paciente en términos médicos y mostramos, a partir de algunos fragmentos de la escucha de las asociaciones libres del paciente, cómo elcuadro psicopatológico fue elucidado. La colaboración clínica entre psiquiatría ypsicoanálisis se mostró provechosa en este caso como método clínico en el abordajed el sujeto psicopatológico.

Nous rapportons un cas fascinant d’une jeune patiente traitée à la Salled’Urgence, puis à la Clinique de Psychiatrie de l’Hôpital des Cliniques de l’UNICAMPet décrivons ensuite la collaboration entre psychiatres et psychanalystes pour établirun diagnostic psychopathologique. Nous discutons les symptômes et le diagnostic différentiel de la patiente en termes médicaux et montrons à partir de quelques fragments d’associations libres de la patiente comment le cadre psychopathologique a finalement été élucidé. Dans ce cas, la collaboration clinique entre la psychiatrie etpsychanalyse s’est révélée fructueuse et peut être considérée comme méthode cliniquedans le traitement du sujet psychopathologique.

Prevalência e características da cefaléia em uma população de praticantes regulares de exercícios físicos / Prevalence and characteristics of headache in a population of regular physical exercise practitioners

MOTIVO: O impacto causado pela cefaléia pode impedir a aderência a um programa regular de atividade física. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência e as características da cefaléia em uma população de praticantes de exercícios físicos. MÉTODO: Cem alunos de uma academia foram avaliados. Todos eram alunos regulares por pelo menos 12 meses e praticavam exercícios aeróbicos pelo menos 3 vezes por semana. Um questionário sobre a prevalência e características da cefaléia foi aplicado a todos aqueles que apresentaram nos últimos 12 meses. O questionário de avaliação de impacto MIDAS também foi aplicado. RESULTADOS: 57 homens e 43 mulheres foram incluídos. Oitenta apresentaram cefaléia no período avaliado. Em 63 por cento a dor era pulsátil. Em 73 por cento da amostra a freqüência de crises situava-se em menos de 1 vez a cada 10 dias. O escore do questionário MIDAS foi inferior a 5 em 83 por cento desses pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Embora não avaliados por médico e baseado em recall, os dados sugerem alta prevalência de cefaléia com critérios de migrânea. É incerto se a prática regular de exercícios físicos reduz a freqüência de crises ou se os sofredores de cefaléia com baixa freqüência de crises são os que fazem atividade física regular.

BACKGROUND: The burden of headache may impede sufferers from adhering to a routine of physical activity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of headache in a health club population. METHOD: One hundred attendees of a health club were interviewed. They all were regular attendees for the previous 12 months and practiced aerobic exercises no less than 3 times a week. A questionnaire with characteristics of headache was applied to all who had a headache attack during the previous 12 months. MIDAS questionnaire was used as well. RESULTS: 57 men and 43 women were included. Eighty subjects had a headache attack, which was pulsatile in 63 percent of the sufferers. MIDAS was lower than 5 days in 83 percent of the subjects. CONCLUSION: Although retrospective and based on recall, this study suggests that most of the regular exercise practitioners presented clinical characteristics of migraine. It is uncertain whether the regular practice of physical exercise has a role in reducing the impact life or those suffering less are the ones who practice exercise.