RESUMO
Stroke is a serious cerebrovascular disease that causes post-stress depression and death. Stress and inflammation have pivotal roles in the induction of the disease. Several drugs and agents have been used for the treatment of disease, but their uses are faced with limitations owing to their side effects. Natural agents are more efficient for the treatment of stroke due to lower toxicity and their pharmaceutical properties. Sake yeast or Japanese rice wine is an antioxidant compound that could be used to treat stroke and post-stress depression. This study evaluates the effects of sake yeast on depressive-like behaviors, oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters in a rat model of global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Rats were divided into four groups, including 1) control: without bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) and sake supplement, 2) Ischemia group: rats induced with BCCAO and lack of therapeutic supplement, and 3 and 4) Ischemia + sake groups: rats induced with BCCAO and treated with 25 and 50 mg/kg sake yeast, respectively. Depressive-like behaviors antioxidant enzymes activities were assessed. The induction of stroke increased oxidant status, inflammatory parameters, and depressive-like behaviors, while the administration of sake could decrease inflammation, depressive-like behaviors, and oxidant status and increase antioxidant enzymes. The yeast could be used as a supplement in combination with other drugs to treat stroke.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas , Traumatismo por Reperfusão , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Ratos , Animais , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Bebidas Alcoólicas , Ratos Wistar , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Fermentação , Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Estresse Oxidativo , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Infarto Cerebral , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Reperfusão , Oxidantes/farmacologiaRESUMO
Curcumin, the natural yellow-colored active principle, also called turmeric yellow, extracted from the perennial herb Curcuma longa L., has potent biological and pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-ischemic, antitumor, and anticancer actions. The molecular mechanism of the hepatoprotective action of curcumin is due to its antioxidant properties and inhibitory activity against nuclear factor (NF)-κB that regulates different proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines. Overall, scientific reports demonstrate that curcumin has high therapeutic ability for treating hepatic disorders. Here is a systematic discussion of the hepatoprotective activity of curcumin and its possible mechanisms of actions.
RESUMO
Methyl-3-O-methyl gallate (M3OMG) is a rare natural product that showed promising in vitro antioxidant activities. In this study, the protective role of synthetic M3OMG against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced oxidative stress in rat brain was evaluated. Animals were treated with either M3OMG (10 and 20 mg/kg i.p.), vitamin C (10 mg/kg i.p.) as the standard antioxidant or the vehicle (5 % dimethyl sulfoxide; 1 ml/kg) for 1 week. Oxidative stress was induced in the brain by adding 600 ppm NaF in the drinking water for 7 days. At the end of the treatment period, the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) were evaluated in brain homogenates. M3OMG treatment mitigated the NaF-induced oxidative stress through normalization of the level of TBARS, reduced levels of glutathione and by the restoration of the diminished antioxidant enzyme activities. In conclusion, M3OMG could have a potential for treating neurotoxicity induced by fluoride or related environmental pollutants.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/patologia , Ácido Gálico/análogos & derivados , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fluoreto de Sódio/toxicidade , Animais , Encéfalo/enzimologia , Catalase/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Ácido Gálico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Gálico/química , Ácido Gálico/farmacologia , Glutationa/metabolismo , Masculino , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/química , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMO
In the present study, the nephroprotective effect of gallic acid isolated from Peltiphyllum peltatum was examined in sodium fluoride (NaF) treated rats. Nephrotoxicity was induced by 1-week intoxication of NaF at 600 ppm through drinking water. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, reduced glutathione as well as activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in renal tissues homogenates were determined. The serum biochemical markers of renal injuries including creatinine, serum urea, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid levels as well as the levels of phosphate and calcium were also assessed. Intoxication with NaF caused a significant increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (46 % versus to control) and reduced the glutathione concentration (47 %) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (46 %) and catalase (41 %) in renal tissues homogenates. NaF intoxication also induced significant alterations in the kidney biochemical markers increasing the levels of urea, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and phosphate and decreasing the levels of calcium. Daily administration of gallic acid (20 mg/kg) for 1 week before NaF intoxication brought the antioxidant-oxidant balance similar to the NaF-untreated group. Silymarin, used a standard antioxidant agent, also showed a nephroprotective activity. We concluded that NaF caused nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in renal tissues and daily administration of gallic acid for 1 week prior to intoxication inhibited toxicity and oxidative stress.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Ácido Gálico/farmacologia , Rim/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Biomarcadores/sangue , Nitrogênio da Ureia Sanguínea , Catalase/metabolismo , Citoproteção , Ácido Gálico/isolamento & purificação , Glutationa/metabolismo , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/enzimologia , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Saxifragaceae , Silimarina/farmacologia , Fluoreto de Sódio , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Ácido Úrico/sangueRESUMO
The autism is an abnormality in the neuronal advance which starts before age 3 recognized by defective behaviors. This study aimed to make quercetin-loaded nanophytosomes (QNP) on behavioral deficits, cerebellar oxidative stress and apoptosis in an autistic-like model caused by maternal separation (MS). The newborn rats are randomly categorized into seven groups, including control, positive control, disease, and diseases treated with quercetin (10 and 40 mg/kg) and QNP (10 and 40 mg/kg). Pups exposed to MS for 3 h per day from postnatal days (PND) 1-9 showed behavioral impairment in adult rats compared to control group. The oral administration of quercetin and QNP was constantly started after the lactation period (21 postnatal days) for three weeks. Autistic-like behaviors, antioxidant parameters, and Nrf2, Bax/Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 expressions were surveyed in the cerebellum. Quercetin (40 mg/kg) treated improved some behavioral disorders. Also, the improvement of oxidative stress parameters, Nrf2 and apoptotic factors gene expression was observed in the cerebellum of quercetin (40 mg/kg) treated (p < 0.01). QNP treatment (10 and 40 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated anxiety-like behaviors, line crossing, and grooming index (p < 0.001), lipid peroxidation (p < 0.001), and increased catalase (CAT) (p < 0.001), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p < 0.001), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (p < 0.001) activity, and glutathione (GSH) levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, QNP significantly reduced Caspase-3 and Bax expression (p < 0.001), but increased Bcl-2, and Nrf2 expressions (p < 0.001). These findings indicated that QNP due to its high bioavailability was more effective than quercetin can be reduced autistic-like behavior, oxidative and apoptotic damages in the model of MS rats.
Assuntos
Transtorno Autístico , Quercetina , Feminino , Ratos , Animais , Quercetina/farmacologia , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/metabolismo , Transtorno Autístico/tratamento farmacológico , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Privação Materna , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
RATIONALE: Antioxidant natural herb hesperetin (Hst) offers powerful medicinal properties. Despite having noticeable antioxidant properties, it has limited absorption, which is a major pharmacological obstacle. OBJECTIVES: The goal of the current investigation was to determine if Hst and nano-Hst might protect mice against oxidative stress and schizophrenia (SCZ)-like behaviors brought on by ketamine (KET). METHODS: Seven treatment groups (n=7) were created for the animals. For 10 days, they received distilled water or KET (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p). From the 11th to the 40th day, they received daily oral administration of Hst and nano-Hst (10, 20 mg/kg) or vehicle. With the use of the forced swimming test (FST), open field test (OFT), and novel object recognition test (NORT), SCZ-like behaviors were evaluated. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme activities were assessed in the cerebral cortex. RESULTS: Our findings displayed that behavioral disorders induced by KET would be improved by nano-Hst treated. MDA levels were much lower after treatment with nano-Hst, and brain antioxidant levels and activities were noticeably higher. The mice treated with nano-Hst had improved outcomes in the behavioral and biochemical tests when compared to the Hst group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study's findings showed that nano-Hst had a stronger neuroprotective impact than Hst. In cerebral cortex tissues, nano-Hst treatment dramatically reduced KET-induced (SCZ)-like behavior and oxidative stress indicators. As a result, nano-Hst may have more therapeutic potential and may be effective in treating behavioral impairments and oxidative damage brought on by KET.
Assuntos
Ketamina , Esquizofrenia , Camundongos , Animais , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Ketamina/farmacologia , Esquizofrenia/induzido quimicamente , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico , Estresse Oxidativo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glutationa/farmacologia , Glutationa/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The in vivo nephroprotective effect of quercetin against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced damage was studied. METHODS: Renal injury was induced by daily administration of NaF (600 ppm) through drinking water for 1 week. The levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase activity of kidney homogenates were determined. The serum markers of glomerular damage, including creatinine, serum urea, and blood urea nitrogen levels, were also assessed. RESULTS: The study revealed that administration of fluoride resulted in a significant downregulation of antioxidant defenses coupled with an increased serum level of glomerular damage markers. The administration of quercetin prior to fluoride reversed the antioxidant-oxidant balance to control (fluoride-untreated) level. The level of protection obtained for the 20 mg/kg quercetin treatment was equivalent to the positive control, ascorbic acid (10 mg/kg). The therapeutic implication of antioxidants in fluoride-induced nephrotoxicity is discussed. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that NaF intoxication caused renal damage by increasing oxidative stress, and quercetin and vitamin C administration gave protection against fluoride-induced oxidative stress to some degree.
Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda/prevenção & controle , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Cariostáticos/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Quercetina/uso terapêutico , Fluoreto de Sódio/toxicidade , Injúria Renal Aguda/induzido quimicamente , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Masculino , Quercetina/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Curcumin is well known for its potent antioxidant activity. The result of numerous studies showed that antioxidants can protect against fluoride-induced toxicity. In the present study, protective effects of curcumin against sodium fluoride-induced toxicity in rat erythrocytes were evaluated. Curcumin (10 and 20 mg/kg) and vitamin C (10 mg/kg) were administrated intraperitoneally for 1 week followed by sodium fluoride (600 ppm) treatment for next week. Erythrocytes were isolated and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities as well as the levels of reduced glutathione, and lipid peroxidation were measured. The level of malondialdehyde in sodium fluoride treated rats (595.13 ± 20.23 nmol/g Hb) increased compared to the normal rats (315.44 ± 9.76 nmol/g Hb). Animals which were pretreated with curcumin at 20 mg/kg for 1 week prior to sodium fluoride intoxication showed significant reduction in the malondialdehyde level (320.22 ± 9.28 nmol/g Hb). Also, pretreated with curcumin (20 mg/kg) and vitamin C restored the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and modified the level of reduced glutathione compared with control group (p > 0.01).
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Curcumina/farmacologia , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Eritrócitos/fisiologia , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Oxidantes/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fluoreto de Sódio/toxicidade , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
CONTEXT: Quercetin is a well known aglycone flavonoid that is widely found in different food sources. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the in vivo neuroprotective potential of quercetin against sodium fluoride-induced oxidative stress was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wistar rats were divided into five treatment groups and then subjected to daily intraperitoneally treatment with quercetin (at 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight), vitamin C (at 10 mg/kg), or vehicle. After a 1 week treatment period, all groups except saline treated (normal group), were intoxicated with sodium fluoride (NaF) for 1 week. Rat brains were then removed and homogenized for measurement of antioxidant markers including superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione, catalase, and lipid peroxidation final products. RESULTS: The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels in the heart homogenate of sodium fluoride treated rats (42.04 ± 2.14 nmol MDA eq/g tissue) increased compared to the normal rats (35.99 ± 1.08 nmol MDA eq/g tissue). Animals which were pretreated with quercetin at 20 mg/kg for 1 week prior to sodium fluoride intoxication showed significant reduction in the TBARS level (36.13 ± 1.12 nmol MDA eq/g tissue). Also, pretreatment with quercetin (20 mg/kg) restored the SOD and catalase activities and modified the level of reduced glutathione compared with the control group (p > 0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The present study revealed a potent neuroprotective potential of quercetin against NaF-induced toxicity.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Quercetina/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Catalase/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Glutationa/metabolismo , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/administração & dosagem , Quercetina/administração & dosagem , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fluoreto de Sódio/toxicidade , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMO
This study was conducted to quantitatively evaluate the antioxidant, antihemolytic and nephroprotective effects of Diospyros lotus seeds extract in experimental in vitro and in vivo models. Antioxidant potential of Diospvyos lotus seeds extract was examined by employing seven in vito models i.e., DPPH, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide radicals scavenging activity, iron ion chelating, reducing power and lipid peroxidation through linoleic acid. Antihemolytic activity of extract was examined against hydrogen peroxide-induced erythrocytes hemolysis. Also, nephroprotective effect of extract against gentamicin (GM)-induced renal injury was evaluated. Renal injury was achieved by injecting 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.) of GM in normal saline. Extracts were administrated i.p. in doses 200 and 400 mg/kg. Blood samples were examined for serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen after 10 consecutive days of treatment. Results show that extract showed different level of antioxidant and antihemolytic activity in the studied models. Also, results show that GM-induced nephrotoxic animal model was successfully constructed. Extract attenuated the gentamicin-induced increase in level of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. The present study shows that the extract offered significant biological action compared with standard compound.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Diospyros , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Quelantes de Ferro/farmacologia , Nefropatias/prevenção & controle , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacologia , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Nitrogênio da Ureia Sanguínea , Hidroxianisol Butilado/farmacologia , Creatinina/sangue , Citoproteção , Diospyros/química , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Gentamicinas , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química , Quelantes de Ferro/química , Quelantes de Ferro/isolamento & purificação , Rim/metabolismo , Rim/patologia , Nefropatias/sangue , Nefropatias/induzido quimicamente , Nefropatias/patologia , Ácido Linoleico/química , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/química , Picratos/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Ratos , Sementes , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
We have investigated the cardioprotective effects of exercise training and/or curcumin on lead acetate-induced myocardial damage. Forty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: (1) lead acetate, (2) curcumin, (3) endurance training, (4) training + curcumin, (5) sham groups. The rats in groups 3 and 4 experienced the treadmill running of 15 to 22 m/min for 25 to 64 minutes, 5 times a week for 8 weeks. Groups 1 to 4 received lead acetate (20 mg/kg), the sham group received curcumin solvent (ethyl oleat), and the curcumin and training + curcumin groups received curcumin solution (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Lead administration resulted in significant increases in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and significantly decreased glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Treadmill running and\or curcumin supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in hs-CRP, CK-MB, MDA, and LDL levels and significantly increased GPx, TAC, and HDL levels. These results suggest a lifestyle-induced cardioprotective potential in ameliorating lead-induced cardiotoxicity.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Cardiotônicos/farmacologia , Curcumina/farmacologia , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Organometálicos/toxicidade , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Animais , Biomarcadores , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , HDL-Colesterol/análise , LDL-Colesterol/análise , LDL-Colesterol/metabolismo , Creatina Quinase Forma MB/análise , Creatina Quinase Forma MB/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/análise , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Estilo de Vida , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Masculino , Malondialdeído/análise , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Miocárdio/patologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Maternal separation as an epigenetic agent provokes a severe change in the brain, such as inflammation response, which is a key risk factor for the progression of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This study evaluated the preventive effect of hypericin on maternal separation-induced cognitive deficits and hippocampal inflammation. METHODS: Here, we reported that pups are subjected to maternal separations for 1 h per day from postnatal days (PND) 1-9 displayed apparent memory impairment in young rats (postnatal day 34) compared to controls group. Furthermore, maternal separation significantly increased inflammation factors in the hippocampus area. Anti-inflammation constituent shed light on treating ASD. RESULTS: In this study, we found that treatment with hypericin (10 and 50 mg/kg) significantly suppresses expression of hippocampal interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the maternal separation rat model. Also, we found that hypericin prevented the decrease of hippocampal dopamine levels in the offspring of maternal separation rats. CONCLUSION: The data indicated that hypericin may play a neuroprotective role in hippocampal cell and ameliorates dysfunctions in memory and level of inflammation factor in this autism model. Thus, hypericin could be used as an intervention for treating ASD.
Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva/tratamento farmacológico , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Privação Materna , Perileno/análogos & derivados , Administração Oral , Animais , Antracenos , Dopamina/análise , Masculino , Perileno/administração & dosagem , Perileno/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Curcumin as an antioxidant natural herb has shown numerous pharmacological effects. However, the poor bioavailability of curcumin is a significant pharmacological barrier for its antioxidant activities. The present study was conducted to develop curcumin-loaded nanophytosome (CNP) and explore their therapeutic potential in a ketamine (KET)-induced schizophrenia (SCZ) model. The mice in our experiment were treated orally with curcumin and CNP (20 mg/kg) for 30 consecutive days. In addition, the animals received intraperitoneal injection of KET (30 mg/kg/day) from the 16th to the 30th day. SCZ-like behaviors were evaluated employing forced swimming test (FST), open field test (OFT), and novel object recognition test (NORT), and oxidative stress markers in the brain were estimated. Our results revealed that CNP has a greater neuroprotective effect compared to free curcumin. CNP pretreatment significantly ameliorated KET-induced brain injury evidenced by a marked reduction in the depressive and anxiety-like behaviors, memory deficits, and oxidative stress markers in cortical and subcortical tissues. Therefore, CNP, as a suitable drug delivery system, may improve curcumin bioavailability and confer stronger neuroprotective effects against KET-induced behavioral deficits and oxidative damages.
Assuntos
Curcumina/administração & dosagem , Sistemas de Liberação de Fármacos por Nanopartículas , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/administração & dosagem , Esquizofrenia/prevenção & controle , Administração Oral , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Curcumina/farmacocinética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Ketamina/administração & dosagem , Ketamina/toxicidade , Masculino , Camundongos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacocinética , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Esquizofrenia/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
Our recent report demonstrated that hesperetin (Hst) as a citrus flavonoid, significantly reduces the levels of demyelination in optic chiasm of rats. Previous evidence also indicated that nano-hesperetin (nano-Hst) possesses beneficial impacts in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease and autism. In this study, the effects of nano-Hst on latency of visual signals, demyelination levels, glial activation, and expression of Olig2 and MBP were evaluated in lysolecithin (LPC)-induced demyelination model. Focal demyelination was induced by injection of LPC (1%, 2 µL) into the rat optic chiasm. Animals received oral administration of nano-Hst at dose of 20 mg/kg for 14 or 21 days post LPC injection. Visual evoked potential (VEP) recording showed that nano-Hst reduces the latency of visual signals and ameliorates the extent of demyelination areas and glial activation. Expression levels of the Olig2 and MBP were also significantly increased in nano-Hst treated rats. Overall, our data suggest that nano-Hst reduces the latency of visual signals through its protective effects on myelin sheath, amelioration of glial activation, and enhancement of endogenous remyelination.
Assuntos
Doenças Desmielinizantes/tratamento farmacológico , Hesperidina/farmacologia , Quiasma Óptico/efeitos dos fármacos , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Remielinização/efeitos dos fármacos , Vias Visuais/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Doenças Desmielinizantes/fisiopatologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Potenciais Evocados Visuais/efeitos dos fármacos , Potenciais Evocados Visuais/fisiologia , Hesperidina/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Quiasma Óptico/fisiopatologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Córtex Visual/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Visual/fisiopatologia , Vias Visuais/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Chitosan-based polymeric nanocarrier has been utilized as a novel drug delivery device in recent years due to its prominent role in the treatment of central nervous system disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of silymarin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (SM-CS-NPs) on rat model of global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). All rats were randomly distributed into four groups: Control, I/R, SM and SM-CS-NPs. Oral administration of SM and SM-CS-NPs was started 14 days prior to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). Depressive-like behaviors, infarct volume, some oxidative stress markers and inflammatory factors were assessed after induction of I/R. SM-CS-NPs pretreatment significantly ameliorated depressive-like behaviors and infarct volume after I/R. SM-CS-NPs also significantly decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRx), and glutathione (GSH) levels in I/R brain. The current study demonstrated that SM-CS-NPs pretreatment effectively prevents oxidative and inflammatory damage in the brain caused by I/R, and it can be considered as a useful pretreatment to attenuate the negative effects of I/R.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/complicações , Quitosana/química , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Nanopartículas/química , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Silimarina/química , Silimarina/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutationa/metabolismo , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/complicações , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismoRESUMO
Mood disorders occur in 30% of stroke patients, and of these post-stroke depression (PSD) is the most significant. This study aimed to evaluate the antidepressive-like effects and in vivo antioxidant activity of a chemically characterized maqui berry (Aristotelia chilensis (Molina) Stuntz) extract obtained from an optimized extraction method, on a murine PSD model. The extraction process was optimized to maximize anthocyanin content, and the phytochemical profile of the extract was evaluated using a multi-methodological approach including a liquid chromatographic method coupled with mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The antidepressive-like activity was investigated through despair swimming and tail suspension tests. The in vivo antioxidant activity was evaluated in mouse brain tissue by measuring the activity of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products. A number of compounds have been first identified in maqui berry here, including malvidin-glucoside, GABA, choline and trigonelline. Moreover, the results showed that the antidepressive-like activity exerted by the extract, which was found to restore normal mouse behavior in both despair swimming and tail suspension tests, could be linked to its antioxidant activity, leading to the conclusion that maqui berries might be useful for supporting pharmacological therapy of PSD by modulating oxidative stress.
Assuntos
Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Elaeocarpaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Depressão/etiologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicaçõesRESUMO
Hypericum androsaemum L., commonly known as 'tutsan' or 'shrubby St. John's Wort', is a member of the Hypericum genus found growing spontaneously in the Mediterranean area and is cultivated extensively as an ornamental plant due to the showy color variation in its fresh berry-like capsules, which turn from red to shiny black as they ripen. Tutsan has also been used in Portuguese and Spanish folk medicine to treat depression. In this study, we assessed the beneficial role of the water extract of H. androsaemum red berries (WE) in an experimental animal model of post-stroke depression. WE was obtained by decoction of H. androsaemum red berries, and its content of ten bioactive compounds was determined through HPLC-DAD analysis. Behavioral tests were carried out using a mouse model of post stroke depression to examine the antidepressive-like activity of WE at two doses (15 and 30â¯mg/kg bw). In addition, the in vivo antioxidant activity in the mouse brain was evaluated by measuring CAT, GSH, and SOD activity and TBARS levels. WE contained significant amounts of shikimic acid (110.0â¯g/kg), chlorogenic acid (56.9â¯g/kg), catechin (5.8â¯g/kg) and hyperoside (2.7â¯g/kg). Overall, the highest dosage of WE was found to significantly reduce the symptoms of depression, restoring normal behaviour and reducing levels of oxidative stress by increasing endogenous antioxidant defenses. The protective effects of WE in post-stroke depression in a mouse model were demonstrated in vivo for the first time, and correlated with the antioxidant capacity of its bioactive constituents.
Assuntos
Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Frutas/química , Hypericum/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/psicologia , Água/química , Animais , Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Depressão/etiologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Elevação dos Membros Posteriores , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , NataçãoRESUMO
Green GABA (GGABA) and Oolong GABA (OGABA) teas are relatively new varieties of tea, whose chemical composition and functional properties are largely under-studied, despite their promising health capacities. Post stroke depression (PSD) is a complication of stroke with high clinical relevance, yielding increasing mortality and morbidity rates, and a lower response to common therapies and rehabilitation. METHODS: Two chemically characterized commercial samples of GGABA and OGABA were investigated for effects on mood following oral administration using a mouse model of PSD, through common validated tests including the Despair Swimming Test and Tail Suspension Test. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of GGABA and OGABA was evaluated by determining the levels of lipid peroxidation products and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the mouse brain in vivo. RESULTS: GGABA and OGABA attenuated depressed mood by influencing behavioral parameters linked to depression. GGABA was more active than OGABA in this study, and this effect may be likely due to a higher content of polyphenolic substances and amino acids in GGABA compared to OGABA. GGABA also exerted a greater antioxidant activity. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggests that GABA tea is a promising candidate that can be used as an adjuvant in the management of PSD.
Assuntos
Afeto/efeitos dos fármacos , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Chá/química , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/farmacologia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Glutamatos/farmacologia , Ácido Glutâmico/farmacologia , Glutamina/farmacologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/psicologiaRESUMO
SCOPE: Growing evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a role in the development of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and some psychiatric disorders. Tea consumption exerts beneficial effects against damage induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in ischemic stroke and depressive symptoms in depression. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vivo, the protective activity of green tea (GT) and GABA green tea (GGT) against post-stroke depression (PSD), a common consequence of stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS: The antidepressive-like effects of GT and GGT were determined by behavioral tests in a mouse model of post-stroke depression. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by GSH, SOD, and TBARS measurements on mouse brain. The chemical composition of tea extracts was characterized through chromatographic methods. GGT and GT resulted active in the modulation of depressive symptoms and the reduction of oxidative stress, restoring normal behavior, and at least in part, antioxidant endogenous defenses. The higher polyphenol, theanine, glutamine, and caffeine content may justify the higher activity found in GGT. CONCLUSIONS: This work represents the first attempt to demonstrate the positive effect of tea, and especially GGT, on post-stroke depression and to correlate this effect with the antioxidant activity and phytochemical composition of tea.
Assuntos
Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Depressão/dietoterapia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/psicologia , Chá , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Camellia sinensis/química , Depressão/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Chá/química , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/análiseRESUMO
Research into novel therapeutic strategies for schizophrenia with high efficacy and low side effects has been progressed in recent years. In the present study, anti-schizophrenia activities of 2-(dimethylamino)- and 2-(methylamino)- 7H-naphtho[1,2,3-de]quinolin-7-one derivatives (D1-D10) have been evaluated in ketamine-induced experimental schizophrenia model in mice. For this aim, experimental animals was submitted to ketamine intraperitoneal injection at 100 mg/kg/day. Then, D1-D10 were administrated intra-cerebroventricularly to mice and in next step, animals depressive-like behaviors have been examined by despair swimming test. The obtained results demonstrate that 7H-naphtho[1,2,3- de]quinolin-7-one derivatives, specifically D9, reduced depressive-like behaviors via the decrease of the immobility time and the increase of the swim and climb times. Overall, these results showed that these alkaloids have anti-schizophrenia efficacy and due to their low side effects, they can be used as a new strategy for the treatment of depressive symptoms of schizophrenia patients.