The Possible Protective Effect of Hepatitis B Vaccine against Lymphomas: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: In the last few years, the possible etiological role of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the outbreak of extrahepatic pathologies has been studied, including lymphomas. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that around 257 million people live with chronic HBV infection, and to date, the vaccine is the most effective means of prevention. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to evaluate whether the vaccination against Hepatitis B can lead to a reduction in lymphoma cases and has a protective role. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in April 2020 using the databases Scopus, PubMed, and ISI Web of Science. Search terms included: "Hepatitis B vaccination AND lymphoma." All articles evaluating the association between Hepatitis B vaccination and the prevention of lymphoma were selected. No limits were applied. RESULTS: Eight studies were eligible to be included in the review. Data showed that association between lymphoma and HBV infection is not the same for all types of lymphomas, but it appears to be more significant for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). The results from all the considered articles were not unitary. This is because studies were conducted in different countries with different endemicity of Hepatitis B, different vaccination coverage, treatment of chronic Hepatitis, and prevention of its complications, as well as the availability of data for researchers. No statistically significant association was found between HBV vaccination and the development of lymphomas. CONCLUSION: Although the literature is still largely lacking regarding the protective effect of anti- HBV vaccination on lymphoma subtypes, the association between HBV infection and lymphoma has been confirmed in several studies. Vaccination programs eliminate the risk of HBV infection and prevent liver disease but can also indirectly reduce the risk of lymphomas.

An ileal duplication cyst case report: From diagnosis to treatment.

Enteric duplication cysts (EDCs) are rare congenital malformations of the children and can develop everywhere along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, being the ileum the most frequent localization. We herein present an unusual case of duplication cyst of ileal origin who show a tubular morphology and doesn't communicate with GI lumen. A 2-month-old boy was admitted to our hospital for investigation of an anechoic formation of the lower right abdomen for the surgical planning. The patient was asymptomatic. Ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed features of a cystic lesion. Laparoscopic surgery was performed and the cyst excised. Macroscopic examination and histologic findings confirmed the diagnosis of a enteric duplication cyst arising from the ileum. In a patient with an abdominal cystic mass, although asymptomatic, it's worth assessing the nature of the lesion and planning a surgery in order to avoid future complications. A correct use of diagnostic it's fundamental to identify the etiology and the characteristics of a cystic mass.

A rare case of congenital aneurysm of the portal system at level of spleno-porto-mesenteric confluence complicated by massive thrombosis.

Portal venous aneurysm is a rare and potential dangerous vascular pathology, which can result in thrombosis or rupture. It may be congenital or acquired. Acquired form can be related mainly to portal hypertension, chronic hepatic disease, and trauma. We present a peculiar case of a congenital aneurysm involving the hepatic portal system in nearly all its extra-hepatic components: the main portal trunk, the spleno-porto-mesenteric confluence and the distal segment of splenic, superior, and inferior mesenteric veins, in a 20-year-old male patient. The aneurysm was complicated by massive thrombosis in absence of further predisposing factors.

The role of unhenanced CT in a ruptured parathyroid adenoma: A case report.

Acute bleeding is a rare and potentially life-threatening complication of a Parathyroid Adenoma described in just a few cases in literature. We describe the case of a healthy 53-years-old female patient without prior history of parathyroid pathology who presented with acute onset of neck and mediastinal hemorrhage. Ultrasound (US), Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) combined with laboratory tests led to the diagnosis of a bleeding Parathyroid adenoma. This case is presented to sensitize both Radiologists and Clinicians about this rare presentation that should be put into differential diagnosis of acute neck swelling and pain.