Surgical, oncological, and obstetrical outcomes after abdominal radical trachelectomy - a systematic literature review.

OBJECTIVE: Radical trachelectomy is a standard treatment for selected patients with early-stage cervical cancer. Outcomes are well established for vaginal radical trachelectomy (VRT), but not for abdominal radical trachelectomy (ART). METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL (October 1997 through October 2012) using the terms: uterine cervix neoplasms, cervical cancer, abdominal radical trachelectomy, vaginal radical trachelectomy, fertility sparing, and fertility preservation. We included original articles, case series, and case reports. Excluded were review articles, articles with duplicate patient information, and articles not in English. RESULTS: We identified 485 patients. Ages ranged from 6 to 44 years. The most common stage was IB1 (331/464; 71%), and the most common histologic subtype was squamous cell carcinoma (330/470; 70%). Operative times ranged from 110 to 586 min. Blood loss ranged from 50 to 5568 mL. Three intraoperative complications were reported. Forty-seven patients (10%) had conversion to radical hysterectomy. One hundred fifty-five patients (35%) had a postoperative complication. The most frequent postoperative complication was cervical stenosis (n=42; 9.5%). The median follow-up time was 31.6 months (range, 1-124). Sixteen patients (3.8%) had disease recurrence. Two patients (0.4%) died of disease. A total of 413 patients (85%) were able to maintain their fertility. A total of 113 patients (38%) attempted to get pregnant, and 67 of them (59.3%) were able to conceive. CONCLUSION: ART is a safe treatment option in patients with early-stage cervical cancer interested in preserving fertility.

Bases moleculares del cáncer / The molecular fundamentals of cancer

El cáncer es una enfermedad caracterizada por la proliferación anormal de células neoplásicas, dada en esencia por alteraciones genéticas y epigenéticas. El control de las diferentes funciones celulares está dado por los genes codificados en el ADN, por lo tanto algunas alteraciones en genes que codifican para las proteínas involucradas en el ciclo de proliferación celular pueden inducir una cascada de eventos que llevan a la producción del fenotipo cancerígeno. La transformación maligna requiere que ocurran alteraciones en genes específicos que controlan la proliferación celular, la apoptosis y el mantenimiento de la integridad del ADN en la misma célula. Las mutaciones tienen la posibilidad de aparecer de manera esporádica o de heredarse, pueden ser sustituciones de bases, adiciones, deleciones o cambios epigenéticos. El presente artículo revisa conceptos moleculares involucrados en la génesis del cáncer.

Cancer is a disease featured by the abnormal proliferation of neoplastic cells mainly given by genetic and epigenetic alterations. The various functions of cells are controlled by the genes encoded in the DNA, thus, alterations in the genes encoded for the proteins involved in the cell proliferation cycle may be involved in a cascade of events which lead to the development of a cancer phenotype. Malignant transformation requires alterations to occur in specific genes which control cell proliferation, apoptosis and maintenance of the DNA integrity in the cell itself. Mutations may be inherited or may sporadically occur, they may be base substitutions, additions, deletions or epigenetic changes. This article reviews the molecular concepts involved in cancer progression.