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BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mitigation and containment strategies implemented by each country can influence the prevalence of asthma and its fatality. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the trend of asthma prevalence and COVID-19 fatality in children and adults with asthma. METHODS: The prevalence of asthma and fatalities were compared among the peaks of 5 pandemic waves in Mexico. RESULTS: Among patients with COVID-19, the prevalence rates of asthma among children were as follows: wave I, 3.5%; wave II, 2.6%; wave III, 2.2%; wave IV, 2.4%; and wave V, 1.9% (P for trend < .001); the prevalence rates of asthma among adults were as follows: wave I, 2.5%; wave II, 1.8%; wave III, 1.5%; wave IV, 1.7%; and wave V, 1.6% (P for trend < .001). The rates of fatality because of COVID-19 among individuals with asthma were as follows: wave I, 8.9%; wave II, 7.7%; wave III, 5.0%; wave IV, 0.9%; and wave V, 0.2% (P for trend < .001). CONCLUSION: The prevalence rates of asthma and fatalities from COVID-19 suggest a gradual reduction throughout the pandemic in Mexico.
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Asma , COVID-19 , Adulto , Criança , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Prevalência , SARS-CoV-2 , Asma/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the association between asthma and severity of COVID-19 in the Mexican population. METHODS: The data from a national database of confirmed patients diagnosed with COVID-19, who attended from February to June 2020, were analyzed in a retrospective cohort study. Patients with and without asthma were compared concerning hospitalization, pneumonia, endotracheal intubation, and death related to COVID-19. Other covariates (age, sex, indigenous group, and comorbidity) were included in various logistic regression models. RESULTS: Asthma was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.76), lower risk of pneumonia (OR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.81), and lower risk of endotracheal intubation (OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.98). In addition, asthma decreased the risk of death from COVID-19 (OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.82). In a subgroup analysis, the same association was observed in patients who required hospitalization (OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.90), while in non-hospitalized patients, associations were inconsistent according to the covariates introduced in the models. There was no association between asthma and death in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), however, asthma significantly reduced the risk of death in the hospitalized patients who did not require ICU. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that patients with asthma are less likely to require hospitalization, develop pneumonia, need tracheal intubation or die from COVID-19 as compared to patients without asthma.
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Asma , COVID-19 , Asma/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Hospitalização , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
Background: Recently, inflammatory cell ratios have gained importance as useful indicators in the categorization of asthma.Objective: We compared the concentration of white blood cells in peripheral blood, as well as their respective inflammatory cell ratios, between patients with asthma and a healthy control group.Methods: We performed cross-sectional analyses of the data obtained from 53 adult patients with asthma and 109 adult controls. In our study, we estimated and compared the following inflammatory cell ratios: Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Eosinophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (ELR), Eosinophil-Neutrophil Ratio (ENR), Eosinophil-Monocyte Ratio (EMR), and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR). The magnitude of association was quantified with the odds ratio.Results: In both groups, the average age was 33 years. In asthmatic patients, we obtained the following results: eosinophils ≥ 400 cells/µl, accounted for 37.7%; basophils ≥ 110 cells/µl, comprised 37.7%; and monocytes < 320 cells/µl, reached 11.3%. In the control group, the results were as follows: 4.6%, 9.2% and 0.9%, respectively. When compared to the control group, asthmatic patients had higher odds of eosinophils ≥ 400 cells/µl (OR = 12.61, p < 0.0001); higher odds of basophils ≥ 110 cells/µl (OR = 6.00, p < 0.0001); and increased odds of monocytes < 320 cells/µl (OR = 13.79, p = 0.017). NLR did not differ between our two groups; however, ELR, ENR, EMR and PLR were significantly higher in the asthma group.Conclusions: Overall, patients with asthma have a higher concentration of eosinophils and basophils, fewer monocytes in their blood, and higher ratios of increased chronic inflammation.
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Asma/sangue , Eosinofilia , Adulto , Asma/patologia , Plaquetas/citologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Eosinofilia/epidemiologia , Eosinófilos/citologia , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Linfócitos , Neutrófilos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Background: Asthma does not appear to be a risk factor for developing COVID-19. Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze the role of asthma as a factor associated with COVID-19 among healthcare workers (HW). Methods: A crosssectional study was conducted in HW from a Mexican hospital. Data were obtained through an epidemiological survey that included age, sex, and history of COVID-19. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with COVID-19. Results: In total, 2295 HW were included (63.1% women; mean age 39.1 years); and 1550 (67.5%) were medical personnel. The prevalence of asthma in HW with COVID-19 was 8.3%; for the group without COVID-19, the prevalence was 5.3% (p = 0.011). The multivariate analyses suggested that asthma was associated with COVID-19 (OR 1.59, p = 0.007). Conclusion: Our study suggests that asthma could be a factor associated with COVID-19 in HW.
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Asma , COVID-19 , Adulto , Asma/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Feminino , Pessoal de Saúde , Hospitais , Humanos , Masculino , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Background: The occurrence of oral symptoms after food consumption defines oral allergy syndrome (OAS). Thus, our objective was to report the association of oral allergy syndrome triggered by jicama. Methods: In this study, we report 10 cases of OAS associated with jicama eating. Results: Of the total cases, 6 were women; the mean age of the group was 28.3 ± 11.4 years. All patients suffered from allergic rhinitis and 3 of them also had asthma. On average, patients experienced the onset of symptoms 5 minutes after eating jicama. As expected, the patients had oral ailments, mainly itching in the pharynx, palate, and lips; furthermore, 4 out of 10 also had skin symptoms. The skin test by the prick-prick technique with fresh jicama had a mean diameter of 8.1 ± 5.4 mm. Conclusion: In closing, jicama should be considered as a cause of OAS, especially in regions where it is cultivated and eaten in large quantities.
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INTRODUCTION: Young women under 30 years with breast cancer (BC) are an emerging challenge. The purpose is to identify prognostic factors for survival in young women under 30 years of age with BC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among women younger than or equal to 40 years with BC and who were treated at the State Cancer Center during the period 2012-2017. Overall survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate analysis assessed survival predictors using Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: 282 young women were included. The >30-year-old subgroup showed a significant association with excess weight (P = .002) compared to the <30-year-old group. The <30-year-old subgroup showed a poor overall survival (56.7%), as well as highly significant values in advanced clinical stages, metastatic nodules, metastasis, and neoadjuvant therapy (P < .001). In Model 3 of the multivariate analysis, age <30 years (HR = 3.0; 95% CI 1.1 to 8.6), triple negative subtype (HR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.1 to 6.0), tumor size >5 cm HR = 2.3; 95% CI 1.03 to 5.1), and advanced clinical stages (HR = 6.6 95% CI 1.3 to 35.5) persisted as predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Being very young (<30 years) is a predictor for limited survival compared to the age of 30-40 years, as well as the tumor covariates for a worse prognosis: triple negative subtype, advanced stages, positive lymph nodes, and distant metastases in liver.
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Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Adulto , Peso Corporal , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Terapia Neoadjuvante/métodos , Metástase Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/mortalidade , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/patologia , Carga TumoralRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of anxiety and depression in adult patients with asthma and to identify factors associated with them. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 164 consecutively recruited patients with asthma aged ≥ 18 years. Participants were clinically assessed and the mental state was analyzed through of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II); the Asthma Control Test (ACT) was measured, and allergic sensitization and respiratory function were also evaluated. Binary logistic regression models to identify the factors related to anxiety or depression were carried out. Complementary, 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. RESULTS: Anxiety was present in 54.3% of patients (95% CI: 46.6%-61.7%) while depression was found in 50.6% (95% CI: 43.0%-58.2%). Depression increased the odds of anxiety in patients with asthma (OR: 26.00, p < 0.0001), whereas an ACT score ≥ 20 points and allergic asthma were associated with a lower odds than the reference group (OR: 0.29; p = 0.007 and OR: 0.29; p = 0.024, respectively). Depression was associated with anxiety and obesity (OR: 25.33, p < 0.0001 and OR: 3.66; p = 0.014, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, more than half of all asthmatic patients suffer from anxiety and depression. Well-controlled asthma and allergic sensitization decreased the likelihood of anxiety, while depression was associated with both obesity and anxiety.
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Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Asma/psicologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Obesidade/psicologia , Adulto , Ansiedade/etiologia , Asma/terapia , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes CutâneosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: It has recently been argued that asthma does not increase the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. If so, the prevalence of asthma in subjects diagnosed with COVID-19 should be lower than in the general population. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of asthma in Mexican children and adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: A public database of the Epidemiological Surveillance System for Viral Respiratory Disease in Mexico was analyzed. Those who underwent the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-SARS-CoV-2 (rtRT-PCR-SARS-CoV-2) test from February 27 to June 21, 2020, were included. In addition to the prevalence of asthma, some factors associated with it were investigated. RESULTS: Data from 417,366 subjects were analyzed. Asthma prevalence in children, adults, and global were 3.7%, 3.3%, and 3.3%, respectively. Although the asthma prevalence was lower in SARS-CoV-2 positive over negative patients, significant differences were only found in adults (2.8% vs. 3.7% respectively; odds ratio (OR) = 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71-0.77); but not in children (3.5% vs. 3.8%, respectively; OR = 0.91; 95%CI: 0.76-1.10). Multivariate analysis showed in younger than 18 years that girls and immunosuppression were factors associated with a decrease in the odds to develop asthma. In adults, asthma was positively associated with females, obesity, smoking, immunosuppression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arterial hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of asthma in child and adult were lower than those previously reported. Our study seems to support the hypothesis that asthma patients have a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further studies are required to demonstrate the consistency of our findings.
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Asma/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Teste de Ácido Nucleico para COVID-19 , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Comorbidade , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Fumar/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Exposure to pets can be a predisposing factor in the development of certain diseases, including allergic diseases. OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the role that exposure to indoor dogs and cats plays in the prevalence of allergic diseases. METHODS: We examined the cross-sectional data of 1056 women and 936 men aged 15 to 18 years; these individuals were selected through stratified and cluster random sampling. We asked all participants about their exposure to indoor dogs and cats during the year that preceded our study. The prevalence of allergic diseases was determined through core questions taken from The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence was 12.7% (95% CI: 11.3%-14.2%) for asthma, 9.0% (95% CI: 7.8%-10.4%) for allergic rhinitis, and 5.2% (95% CI: 4.3%-6.2%) for atopic dermatitis. The multivariate analyses showed that exposure to indoor dogs, but not indoor cats, was associated with asthma prevalence (aOR 1.37; 95% CI: 1.03-1.83), as was male sex (aOR=1.42; 95% CI: 1.08-1.86), a personal history of allergic rhinitis (aOR=3.24; 95% CI: 2.25-4.66), and a maternal history of asthma (aOR=3.06; 95% CI: 1.89-4.98). The population attributable risk for exposure to indoor dogs was 18%. Notably, neither allergic rhinitis nor atopic dermatitis was found to be associated with dog or cat exposure (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: Exposure to dogs in late adolescence is a factor associated with asthma, although its contribution to the development of asthma should be investigated in new studies.
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Asma/epidemiologia , Asma/etiologia , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Animais , Gatos/imunologia , Estudos Transversais , Dermatite Atópica/epidemiologia , Cães/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Animais de Estimação/imunologia , Prevalência , Rinite Alérgica/epidemiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Objective: To identify and characterize asthma with blood eosinophilia in adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 164 asthma patients, aged 18 years or older. Multivariate analyses by logistic regression were performed to identify clinical characteristics and biomarkers associated with asthma with blood eosinophilia (defined as asthma and a peripheral blood eosinophil count ≥400 cells/mm3). To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers, the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated. Additionally, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was estimated for each biomarker. Results: Overall, 37.8% (95%CI: 30.7-45.4%) of asthma patients had blood eosinophilia. The following factors were associated with this characteristic: patient age <50 years (OR 3.25; 95% CI: 1.33-7.94), a serum level of IgE ≥300 UI/mL (OR 2.32; 95%CI: 1.14-4.75), and an Asthma Control Test (ACT) score <20 points (OR 3.10; 95%CI: 1.35-4.75); asthma with blood eosinophilia was also associated with a baseline FEV1/FVC <70% (OR 2.68; 95%CI: 1.28-5.59). On the other hand, age <50 years and ACT score <20 showed the highest sensitivity (above 80% each). Serum IgE level ≥300 UI/mL had the highest specificity (almost 68%). Finally, those with an ACT score <20 had the highest AUC (68%). Conclusions: In our study population, one-third of asthmatic adults had asthma with blood eosinophilia. Furthermore, the prevalence was greater in those ≤50 years of age; these patients experienced more severe, more poorly controlled asthma and had higher total serum IgE levels.
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Asma/epidemiologia , Eosinofilia/epidemiologia , Eosinófilos , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Asma/sangue , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/imunologia , Estudos Transversais , Eosinofilia/sangue , Eosinofilia/diagnóstico , Eosinofilia/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Imunoglobulina E/imunologia , América Latina/epidemiologia , Contagem de Leucócitos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Curva ROC , Testes de Função Respiratória , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIM: the aim of the study was to use a validated questionnaire to identify factors associated with the development of gastric cancer (GC) in the Mexican population. METHODS: the study included cases and controls that were paired by sex and ± 10 years of age at diagnosis. In relation to cases, 46 patients with a confirmed histopathological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma-type GC, as reported in the hospital records, were selected, and 46 blood bank donors from the same hospital were included as controls. The previously validated Questionnaire to Find Factors Associated with Gastric Cancer (QUFA-GC©) was used to collect data. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (IC) were estimated via univariate analysis (paired OR). Multivariate analysis was performed by logistic regression. A decision tree was constructed using the J48 algorithm. RESULTS: an association was found by univariate analysis between GC risk and a lack of formal education, having smoked for ≥ 10 years, eating rapidly, consuming very hot food and drinks, a non-suitable breakfast within two hours of waking, pickled food and capsaicin. In contrast, a protective association against GC was found with taking recreational exercise and consuming fresh fruit and vegetables. No association was found between the development of GC and having an income that reflected poverty, using a refrigerator, perception of the omission of breakfast and time period of alcoholism. In the final multivariate analysis model, having no formal education (OR = 17.47, 95% CI = 5.17-76.69), consuming a non-suitable breakfast within two hours of waking (OR = 8.99, 95% CI = 2.85-35.50) and the consumption of capsaicin Ë 29.9 mg capsaicin per day (OR = 3.77, 95% CI = 1.21-13.11) were factors associated with GC. CONCLUSIONS: an association was found by multivariate analysis between the presence of GC and education, type of breakfast and the consumption of capsaicin. These variables are susceptible to intervention and can be identified via the QUFA-GC
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Adenocarcinoma/etiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/etiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Desjejum , Capsaicina/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Escolaridade , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Obesity is characterized, among other features, by overeating, reduced physical activity and an abnormal accumulation of body fat. These features are thought to result, at least in part, from the individual's inability to self-regulate their eating and physical activity behaviors (E&PaB). Self-regulation of the E&PaB is a three-step sequential process: self-observation, self-evaluation and self-reaction. However, it is yet unclear whether deficient self-regulation of E&PaB could predispose, facilitate and/or consolidate obesity. Unraveling this issue is fundamental in order to more precisely define the role of self-regulation of E&PaB in the management of obesity. METHODS: This research was focused on the question of whether or not self-regulation of E&PaB is related to obesity in female undergraduate students. This population segment seems especially vulnerable to developing obesity since they undergo a significant shift of their E&PaB upon their university enrollment. To address this question, a cross-sectional study with 108 female undergraduate students with normal weight (n = 80) or obesity (n = 28) was performed, in which self-regulation of eating habits and physical activity was measured by two validated scales and a personal data questionnaire. RESULTS: Female undergraduate students displaying lower E&PaB self-reactions were consistently overweight or obese. In addition, a multivariate analysis identified high levels of self-reaction towards eating habits related to a minor presence of overweight issues or obesity. CONCLUSION: Self-regulation should be an essential component in the strategies for obesity prevention as an integral approach that must include orientation about healthy eating and physical activity behaviors. In addition, further studies on the effect of self-regulation in the treatment of the obesity are needed.
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Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Obesidade/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Peso Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Autocontrole , Estudantes/psicologia , Universidades , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Wheezing in children not older than 24 months of age is a frequent event, and viruses are usually the causative agents. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of respiratory viruses in wheezing children who were not older than 24 months of age and who had no history of asthma. METHODS: Fifty-five Mexican children were included in an analytical cross-sectional study. Nasal secretions were obtained by using sterile rayon-tipped applicators to identify the virus by polymerase chain reaction or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction: adenovirus, bocavirus, human rhinovirus, influenza virus type A, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus. The prevalence of viral etiology was estimated by dividing the frequency of the identified virus by the number of participants. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals for proportions were calculated. RESULTS: Most of the patients were male (35/55, 63.6%). The average time of evolution of wheezing episode was 3 days. The third part of enrolled population were receiving antibiotics. Respiratory viruses were detected in 33 (60%; 95% CI: 46.8-71.9%) out of 55 cases, and viral coinfection was detected in five cases (9.1%; 95% CI: 3.5-19.9%). Human metapneumovirus was the most frequently identified virus (23.6%), followed by bocavirus (14.5%), respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus (12.7% each), and to a lesser extent influenza virus type A and parainfluenza. Rhinovirus was the predominant virus in outpatient children (28.6%). In the inpatient emergency room and inhalotherapy room, human metapneumovirus predominated (41.2 and 16.1%, respectively). CONCLUSION: bocavirus and human metapneumovirus were the most frequently identified viruses in Mexican children who were < 2 years of age, suffered from wheezing, and had no history of asthma.
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Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Sons Respiratórios/etiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Parvoviridae/diagnóstico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Prevalência , Infecções Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of perceived and probable allergic reactions to peanuts, tree nuts, sesame seed, or seafood and its association with the personal history of allergic disease. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in four cities of the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, located in western Mexico. Through sampling by gender and age, 1,126 subjects were included. Using a structured questionnaire, we investigated: (i) history of atopic disease, (ii) perception of allergic reaction after food intake, and (iii) probable allergic reaction to peanuts, tree nuts, sesame, or seafood. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. A multivariate analysis of factors associated to perceived and probable allergic reactions to food was performed by logistic regression. RESULTS: Men were 49.8%; mean age was 28.1 years; personal history of atopic disease included: allergic rhinitis (6.9%), asthma (6.8%), and atopic dermatitis (3.8%). Prevalence of perceived and probable food allergy was, respectively: pecan 0.4 and 0.3%; peanut 0.6 and 0.6%; sesame 0.1 and 0.1%; shellfish 4.2 and 4.0% (mainly shrimp); mollusk 0.8 and 0.7%; fish 1.4 and 1.2%. Asthma was significantly associated with perceived and probable allergy to pecans, peanuts, fish, or seafood. Atopic dermatitis was associated with perceived and probable allergic reaction to sea snail, seafood, shellfish, or mollusks. Finally, allergic rhinitis was associated with allergy to shrimp and crustaceans. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the prevalence of peanut, tree nut, sesame seed, and seafood allergy in this Mexican population is similar to that reported in developed countries.
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Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/epidemiologia , Hipersensibilidade a Nozes e Amendoim/epidemiologia , Sesamum/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade a Frutos do Mar/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Prevalência , Alimentos Marinhos/efeitos adversos , Sesamum/efeitos adversos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Healthy eating habits promote wellness and prevent disease, however, despite the intention to change a bad habit, people often fail in theirattempts. This is due, since the performance of a change requires self-regulation skills that allow to observe, to evaluate and to take an action, in a constant motivation during the all the process; not only theknowledge about proper nutrition. The objective of this study was to design and validate an instrument to evaluate the level of self-regulation for eating habits in college students.62 items were written and evaluated by four expert judges. Two applications of the instrument were performed to 487 subjects. An unweighted least squares factor analysis whit direct Oblimin rotation was performed. The items saturated in more than one factor were discarded, as well as those who had a loading factor less than 0.40 or commonality less than 0.30. It was obtained an instrument integrated by 14 items grouped into three factors, which explained the 46.9% of the variance: self-reaction, self-observation and self-evaluation. Cronbach's alpha yielded a high reliability coefficient (α = 0.874).The results show that the scale is a valid and reliable tool to measure of self-regulation of eating habits in college students. Its applications include the diagnostic of a population and the evaluation of interventions aimed to improving nutrition based on the assumption that the processes of change require sustained self-regulation skills in people protective effect against increases in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
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Dieta , Comportamento Alimentar , Autoeficácia , Estudantes , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Universidades , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Design and develop a mobile messaging system called mSalUV, which reminds patients with type 2 diabetes about taking their medication and attending appointments and promotes healthy lifestyles, and explore patient opinion regarding use of the system. METHODS: The study had three stages: 1) design and development of mSalUV; 2) design and development of text messages; and 3) exploration of patient opinion regarding use of mSalUV. RESULTS: The mSalUV system was created and around 40 text messages were designed. A total of 1 850 messages were sent during the 45 day intervention. Patients thought that mSalUV helped them to treat their disease and that it was easy to use, they were inclined to continue using the system in the future, and people close to them (family members and support networks) supported them using it. Furthermore, they perceived the system as "someone that cared about them." CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that a system such as mSalUV would be well accepted by its potential users; in this case, people with type 2 diabetes. This presents a very interesting scenario that will enable taking advantage of new technologies for health. Further research is needed to evaluate the system's efficiency and effectiveness.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle , Envio de Mensagens de Texto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Maternal overweight and obesity during pregnancy have been shown to have multiple negative effects on the mother's health, which can even affect the infant's growth by increasing weight gain and altering various indicators, such as weight for age, length for age and weight for length. While breast milk on the other hand reduces these risks, and it's the best and most complete food for the newborn. It's a dynamic fluid capable of being modified to meet the needs of each stage of the newborn, but despite this capacity and the fact that maternal body mass index can have an impact on its components, through complex biological mechanisms, it manages to reduce the negative effects accumulated during pregnancy and even promotes a healthy state in the baby. In a country like Mexico, where overweight and obesity affect a large part of the population, it is important to study their causes and which could be the effect of this increased maternal overweight during pregnancy and lactation on newborns. OBJECTIVE: Identify the alterations associated with increased maternal body mass index during pregnancy and breastfeeding on mothers' health and their possible effect on the growth of the newborn during the first six months of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study. Forty-two healthy binomials (mother and child), without problems during delivery and without serious illnesses during the breastfeeding period, were included. Maternal body mass index at the beginning of pregnancy allowed us to create two comparison groups between mothers: one with adequate weight, another with overweight or obesity. Follow-up was carried out once a month during the first six months of life, evaluating the somatometric development of mothers and children. All mothers completed the six-month period of exclusive breastfeeding. RESULTS: There were differences between both groups of women. The one that included overweight and obese women compared to the group of women with adequate weight had a higher number of pregnancies, abortions, plasma glucose levels in the third trimester of pregnancy, and a lower number of prenatal control visits and plasma platelet levels (all with p<0.05). Regarding the baby's growth, there was a difference between the weight for length classification at 60-, 120-, 150- and 180-day follow-ups. The group to which the mother was assigned with respect to her body mass index at the beginning of pregnancy (adequate weight group and overweight/obese group) was the only factor associated with the risk of the baby being overweight according to weight for length indicator at the 180-day follow-up, with an OR = 5.2 (95%CI 1.02-26.59). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal overweight and obesity during pregnancy have a negative effect on the mother's health and baby's weight gain in its weight-for-length classification during the first six months of life. Although breastfeeding has been shown to have a positive effect on the growth of the baby, exposure to a higher maternal body mass index during pregnancy triggers important metabolic alterations that promote the development of diseases. It is important to establish weight control guidelines in women who wish to become pregnant to reduce the negative effects on the mother and offspring.
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Background: The cesarean section (CS) mode of delivery can influence the prevalence of bronchial asthma (BA), allergic rhinitis (AR), or atopic dermatitis (AD) by promoting modifications in the infantile microbiome. Objective: To analyze the prevalence of asthma in children who were born through CS and attended childcare centers. Methods: The data were obtained through an online survey that was answered anonymously by one of the parents; the survey inquired about the route of delivery of the child and the prevalence of BA, AR, and AD. Results: A total of 525 children were included. The frequency of births by vaginal, elective CS, or nonelective CS was 34.1%, 37.9%, and 28.0%, respectively, and the prevalence of BA, AR, and AD was 4.8%, 19.8%, and 12.4%, respectively. Multivariate analyses identified nonelective CS as a factor associated with the prevalence of BA (odds ratio: 3.51, P = 0.026). Conclusion: Our study shows that being born through nonelective CS can increase the probability of BA in children who attended daycare centers.
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Background: In the Americas there are few studies that have evaluated the frequency of allergic sensitization to Platanus occidentalis or sycamore pollen in adult patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). Objective: To determine the prevalence of allergic sensitization to P. occidentalis and to identify factors associated with its presentation. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 3 centers distributed in the northwest, west, and southeast of Mexico. Allergic sensitization to P. occidentalis was determined with a skin prick test. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Results: A total of 404 patients were included, women were 233 (57.7%); the age mean was 33.8 ± 12.9 years. The overall prevalence of sensitization to P. occidentalis was 20.8% (95% CI, 17.1%-25.0%); in the northwestern: 15.9% (95% CI, 9.6%-25.1%); in the western: 21.8% (95% CI, 15.4%-29.9%); and in the southeastern: 22.4% (95% CI, 17.1%-38.8%). Multivariate analysis showed to the following allergens as factors associated with sycamore allergic sensitization: tree pollens (OR, 3.19; P = 0.001), weeds (OR, 2.49; P = 0.004), fungi (OR, 1.96; P = 0.014), and dog or cat epitheliums (OR, 1.88; P = 0.018). Conclusion: Allergic sensitization to P. occidentalis pollen in AR patients is not an infrequent event; consequently, we recommend doing the challenge test in all patients with this allergen, especially in those regions where the tree is present.