RESUMO
Heat stress (HS) affects poultry production and welfare, causing enormous damage to poultry. Resveratrol, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory natural plant polyphenol, is widely used in agriculture for the prevention of oxidative stress-related diseases. This study aimed to explore the effects and potential mechanism of resveratrol on liver oxidative damage in heat-stressed broilers. Sixty SPF chickens were randomly divided into control, heat stress (HS) and HS+ resveratrol (resveratrol) groups. Broilers were exposed to 35 ± 2 â (8 h/d) for 7 consecutive days to induce HS, and the other 16 h/d were kept at 23 ± 2 â, similar to the control group. Broilers received 400 mg/kg resveratrol in the basic diet 2 days before exposure to HS and for the following 7 days. The results showed that resveratrol improved growth performance by increasing the average daily gain (ADG) and reducing the feed conversion ratio (FCR), compared with the HS group. Heat stress reduced liver weight and index, increased inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver, enhanced serum AST levels, and decreased TP and ALB II levels, which resulted in liver injury in broilers, and resveratrol effectively alleviated liver injury. Moreover, supplementation with resveratrol enhanced the activities of liver antioxidant enzymes resulting in higher GPX and SOD levels than those in the heat-stressed broilers, and decreased MDA levels. Furthermore, resveratrol alleviated liver oxidative stress by activating the gene and protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1, enhancing NQO1 and SOD1 gene levels, and decreasing protein levels of HSP70, p62, and Keap1, and thereby alleviated the liver injury of heat-stressed broilers. Compared with the HS group, Nrf2 immunofluorescence was significantly up-regulated in the livers of resveratrol group. These results suggest that resveratrol can enhance the liver antioxidant function by activating the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway to promote growth performance in broilers under HS.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Suplementos Nutricionais , Animais , Resveratrol/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Galinhas/metabolismo , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/genética , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/metabolismo , Dieta/veterinária , Estresse Oxidativo , Fígado/metabolismo , Resposta ao Choque Térmico , Transdução de Sinais , Ração Animal/análiseRESUMO
To explore the action time and molecular mechanism underlying the effect of acetaminophen (APAP) on liver injury. APAP was used to establish drug-induced liver injury (DILI) model in mice. Mice in the model group were intraperitoneally injected 300 mg/kg APAP for 6, 12, and 24 h respectively, and control group mice were given the same volume of normal saline. The mice were anesthetized through intravenous injection of sodium pentobarbital at 6, 12, and 24 h after APAP poisoning. Analysis of ALT, AST and ALP in serum, liver histopathological observation, oxidative damage and western blot were performed. The livers in APAP exposed mice were pale, smaller, with a rough texture, and poorly arranged cells. Lesions, large areas of hyperemia, inflammation, swelling, poorly cell arrangement, necrosis, and apoptosis of liver cells were obvious in the liver tissue sections. Serum ALT, AST and ALP levels were significantly enhanced at 12 h of APAP adminstration mice than that of in control group mice (Pï¼0.05). The histopathological alterations and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, TNF-α and IL-6) levels were most severe at 12 h of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. APAP treatment induced oxidative stress by decreasing hepatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) (Pï¼0.05), and enhancing malondialdehyde (MDA) content (Pï¼0.05). Moreover, APAP inhibited erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidative pathway with decreased of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins levels. Furthermore, APAP aggravated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by increasing of NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC, IL-1ß and IL-18 proteins levels. Finally, APAP further significantly activated the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways. This study demonstrated that APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting of Nrf2 antioxidative pathway and promoting TLR4-NF-κB-MAPK inflammatory response and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Antioxidantes , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas , Animais , Camundongos , Acetaminofen/toxicidade , Acetaminofen/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/etiologia , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Inflamassomos/metabolismo , Fígado , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/genética , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/genética , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismoRESUMO
Under the guidance and support of national policies in recent years, the community medical system has been developed rapidly, among which primary child healthcare is carried out routinely in community hospitals, greatly alleviating the pressure of specialized pediatric hospitals and departments of pediatrics in secondary and tertiary general hospitals. However, due to the lack of professional training for primary child healthcare personnel in community medical institutions, early symptoms of children with cerebral palsy cannot be identified and so children with cerebral palsy are often unable to receive early diagnosis and intervention, which may affect their prognosis. An article about international expert consensus and recommendations on early identification and referral of cerebral palsy in community medical institutions was published in Development Medicine and Child Neurology in 2020. It proposed six clinical features that should prompt referral and two warning signs that warrant enhanced monitoring, as well as five recommendations for referral to medical experts and other healthcare professionals for the diagnosis of cerebral palsy. The recommendations may help primary child healthcare personnel in community medical institutions to early identify the children at high risk of cerebral palsy, thus reducing the delay of referral and intervention. This article gives an interpretation of the recommendations based on the actual situation in China, in order to improve the ability of primary child healthcare personnel in community medical institutions to early identify high-risk signals of cerebral palsy and conduct reasonable referral. This will help to achieve the early identification, early diagnosis, and early intervention to improve the prognosis of children with cerebral palsy.
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Paralisia Cerebral , Paralisia Cerebral/diagnóstico , Criança , China , Intervenção Educacional Precoce , Família , Humanos , Encaminhamento e ConsultaRESUMO
BACKGROUND Osteoblast differentiation is a critical process to maintain the stability of the bone homeostasis. Zingerone, 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone (ZG), isolated from ginger, performs a wide range of biological functions in human diseases. The objective of this paper was to clarify the role of ZG in human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and associated mechanisms of ZG promoting osteoblast differentiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The cytotoxicity of ZG was detected by MTT assay. The expression levels of miR-200c-3p, smad7, and osteoblast differentiation markers (alkaline phosphatase [ALP], osteocalcin [OC], osterix [OSX] and runt-related transcription factor 2 [RUNX2]) were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The protein levels of smad7, ALP, OC, OSX, and RUNX2 were quantified by western blot analysis. The target mRNAs were predicted by bioinformatics tools TargetScan. The interaction between miR-200c-3p and smad7 was verified by luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay. RESULTS ZG was nontoxic to hBMSCs, and it accelerated osteoblast differentiation by inducing the expression of ALP, OC, OSX, and RUNX2. MiR-200c-3p was upregulated, but smad7 was downregulated in hBMSCs treated with ZG at different concentrations at different periods. Besides, miR-200c-3p positively regulated the expression of ALP, OC, OSX, and RUNX2 in ZG-induced hBMSCs. Moreover, miR-200c-3p targeted smad7 and strengthened the expression of ALP, OC, OSX, and RUNX2 in ZG-induced hBMSCs by downregulating smad7. CONCLUSIONS ZG contributed to osteoblast differentiation via miR-200c-3p/smad7 regulatory axis by promoting the expression of ALP, OC, OSX, and RUNX2 in hBMSCs.
Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Guaiacol/análogos & derivados , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/efeitos dos fármacos , MicroRNAs/genética , Osteoblastos/citologia , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína Smad7/genética , Fosfatase Alcalina/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Subunidade alfa 1 de Fator de Ligação ao Core/metabolismo , Guaiacol/farmacologia , Humanos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Osteoblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteocalcina/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição Sp7/metabolismoRESUMO
The prevalence of prostate cancer is increasing, which is one of the leading causes of malignancy-associated deaths of males. Because the early symptoms of prostate cancer are not obvious, 20% of the patients have metastasis at the time of initial diagnosis. The low rate of early diagnosis of prostate cancer has contributed to a higher mortality rate in China than in Europe and the United States. Highly specific and sensitive diagnostic markers exist in the blood, urine and semen of prostate cancer patients. Combined laboratory techniques can improve the rate of the early diagnosis of prostate cancer, help early treatment, and prolong the survival of the patients.
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Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , China/epidemiologia , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Antígeno Prostático Específico , Neoplasias da Próstata/sangue , Neoplasias da Próstata/mortalidade , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Disease tolerance is an essential defense strategy against pathogens, alleviating tissue damage regardless of pathogen multiplication. However, its genetic and molecular basis remains largely unknown. Here, we discovered that protein condensation at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) regulates disease tolerance in Arabidopsis against Pseudomonas syringae. During infection, Hematopoietic protein-1 (HEM1) and Bax-inhibitor 1 (BI-1) coalesce into ER-associated condensates facilitated by their phase-separation behaviors. While BI-1 aids in clearing these condensates via autophagy, it also sequesters lipid-metabolic enzymes within condensates, likely disturbing lipid homeostasis. Consequently, mutations in hem1, which hinder condensate formation, or in bi-1, which prevent enzyme entrapment, enhance tissue-damage resilience, and preserve overall plant health during infection. These findings suggest that the ER is a crucial hub for maintaining cellular homeostasis and establishing disease tolerance. They also highlight the potential of engineering disease tolerance as a defense strategy to complement established resistance mechanisms in combating plant diseases.
RESUMO
Engineering disease-resistant plants can be a powerful solution to the issue of food security. However, it requires addressing two fundamental questions: what genes to express and how to control their expressions. To find a solution, we screen CRISPR-edited upstream open reading frame (uORF) variants in rice, aiming to optimize translational control of disease-related genes. By switching uORF types of the 5'-leader from Arabidopsis TBF1, we modulate the ribosome accessibility to the downstream firefly luciferase. We assume that by switching uORF types using CRISPR, we could generate uORF variants with alternative translation efficiency (CRISPR-aTrE-uORF). These variants, capable of boosting translation for resistance-associated genes and dampening it for susceptible ones, can help pinpoint previously unidentified genes with optimal expression levels. To test the assumption, we screened edited uORF variants and found that enhanced translational suppression of the plastic glutamine synthetase 2 can provide broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice with minimal fitness costs. This strategy, which involves modifying uORFs from none to some, or from some to none or different ones, demonstrates how translational agriculture can speed up the development of disease-resistant crops. This is vital for tackling the food security challenges we face due to growing populations and changing climates.
Assuntos
Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Resistência à Doença , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Oryza , Oryza/genética , Resistência à Doença/genética , Fases de Leitura Aberta/genética , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas/genética , Edição de Genes/métodos , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética , Biossíntese de Proteínas/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Produtos Agrícolas/genética , Traduções , Repetições Palindrômicas Curtas Agrupadas e Regularmente Espaçadas/genéticaRESUMO
This study aimed to develop a suitable dosage form of volatile oil from wampee leaves and to explore its antibacterial mechanism in vitro. The chemical composition of the volatile oil from wampee leaves was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Different microemulsion ratios were tested and their stabilities were investigated to determine the optimal ratio. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the wampee leaves volatile oil emulsion (WVOE) against Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were determined using double-dilution and plate-counting methods, respectively. Morphological changes in these two bacteria were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Death, ultrastructural morphology, and biofilm formation were also assessed for S. aureus. Finally, we established an S. aureus-infected Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cell model to evaluate the protective effects of the volatile oil emulsion and the associated mechanisms. The volatile oil extracted from wampee leaves contained 37 compounds, of which 96.49% were aromatic hydrocarbons, terpenoids, and their oxygen-containing derivatives. The emulsion was most stable at 1:1 in the oil phase and 1:9 in the water phase. WVOE had poor antibacterial activity against S. typhimurium, but the MIC and MBC against S. aureus were 312.5 and 2,500 µg/mL, respectively. S. aureus survival rates were 84.6%, 14.5%, and 12.8% in the 1/2, 1, and 4 × MIC groups, respectively, compared with 97.2% in the control group. S. typhimurium survival was not affected by WVOE treatment. WVOE administration induced cavity formation and abnormal binary fission, and significantly inhibited biofilm formation in S. aureus cells. The WVOE notably reduced the number of S. aureus and inhibited TLR4, NLRP3, NF-κB, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α gene expression in S. aureus-infected LLC cells. The WVOE had a significant inhibitory effect on S. aureus and altered its cell membrane permeability. Moreover, it alleviated inflammation by inhibiting the NF-κB-NLRP3 pathway in S. aureus-infected LLC cells.
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In order to study the prevention and control EHEC disease measures in poultry, the infection process and development of this disease and the pathological changes of various organs were to be observed. In this study, chickens were infected with different doses of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 using different routes of administration to establish EHEC broiler model. A total of 195 14-day-old broilers were randomly divided into 13 groups: including control group, Enema-drip groups (1010, 1011, 1012, 1013 CFUs E. coli O157:H7), gavage groups (P.O) (1011, 1012, 1013, 1014 CFUs E. coli O157:H7), and intraperitoneal injection group (I.P.) (108, 109, 1010, 1011 CFUs E. coli O157:H7). Escherichia coli (E. coli) was given using enema-drip, gavage or intraperitoneal infection. Then the feed intake, weight changes, stool and clinical symptoms of the chicks were recorded during the experiment. 7 d after E. coli infection, blood was collected from the jugular vein and serological tests were carried out. The liver, spleen, and colon of the chicks were extracted to get the organ index, bacteria load, and their histopathological changes. After infection with E. coli, some chicks feces were green or red watery stool, sometimes accompanied by foam, and the material to weight ratio of broilers in I.P. group increased significantly (P < 0.05), the 108 CFUs group were 1.3 times as large as control group. Three modeling methods can result in abnormal serum lipid metabolism and liver function indexes (increase of AST, TBA, T-Bil and TC level; decrease of ALB, TG, and TP level). Infection of chicks with O157:H7 by all 3 methods resulted in its detection in the liver, spleen, and colon. Three modeling methods significantly decreased liver index, and inflammatory cell infiltration and hyperemia were observed in liver. The spleen index in E. coli broilers by gavage and enema-drip was significantly decreased, splenic hyperemia and periarteriolar hyalinosis were observed. The spleen was enlarged with purplish-black spheroids in I.P. group broilers, and the spleen histological changes was more serious. The colon villi of broilers in gavage and enema-drip groups were thinner, more prone to rupture, intestinal lamina propria hyperemia, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Moreover, the number of goblet cells in the mucosal epithelium increased. E. coli O157:H7 can induce liver, spleen and intestinal damage and reduce growth performance of chicks. By comparing these 3 methods, we found that chicks infected with O157:H7 by gavage had more severe liver and intestinal damage, the enema-drip method caused most serious intestinal damage, and I.P. method significantly damaged the liver and spleen of chickens.
Assuntos
Escherichia coli Êntero-Hemorrágica , Infecções por Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli O157 , Hiperemia , Animais , Galinhas , Hiperemia/veterinária , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologiaRESUMO
Plant non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs), which largely comprise starch and soluble sugars, are essential energy reserves to support plant growth and physiological functions. While it is known that increasing global deposition of nitrogen (N) affects plant concentration of NSCs, quantification of seasonal responses and drivers of woody species leaf and root NSCs to N addition at larger spatial scales remains lacking. Here, we systematically analyzed data from 53 field experiments distributed across China, comprising 1202 observations, to test for effects of N addition on woody plant leaf and root NSCs across and within growing and non-growing seasons. We found (1) no overall effects of N addition on the concentrations of leaf and root NSCs, soluble sugars or starch during the growing season or the non-growing season for leaves. However, N addition decreased root NSC and starch concentrations by 13.8 % and 39.0 %, respectively, and increased soluble sugars concentration by 15.0 % during the non-growing season. (2) Shifts in leaf NSC concentration under N addition were driven by responses by soluble sugars in both seasons, while shifts in root NSC were driven by soluble sugars in the non-growing season and starch and soluble sugars in the growing season. (3) Relationships between N, carbon, and phosphorus stoichiometry with leaf and root NSCs indicated effects of N addition on woody plant NSCs allocation through impacts on plant photosynthesis, respiration, and growth. (4) Effects of N addition on leaf and root NSCs varied with plant functional types, where effects were more pronounced in roots than in leaves during the non-growing season. Overall, our results reveal divergent responses of woody plant leaf and root NSCs to N addition within non-growing season and highlight the role of ecological stoichiometry and plant functional types in woody plant allocation patterns of NSCs in response to ongoing N deposition under global change.
Assuntos
Nitrogênio , Folhas de Planta , Raízes de Plantas , Estações do Ano , China , Carboidratos/análise , Metabolismo dos CarboidratosRESUMO
The recognition of pathogen effectors by their cognate nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors activates effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in plants. ETI is associated with correlated transcriptional and translational reprogramming and subsequent death of infected cells. Whether ETI-associated translation is actively regulated or passively driven by transcriptional dynamics remains unknown. In a genetic screen using a translational reporter, we identified CDC123, an ATP-grasp protein, as a key activator of ETI-associated translation and defense. During ETI, an increase in ATP concentration facilitates CDC123-mediated assembly of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) complex. Because ATP is required for the activation of NLRs as well as the CDC123 function, we uncovered a possible mechanism by which the defense translatome is coordinately induced during NLR-mediated immunity. The conservation of the CDC123-mediated eIF2 assembly suggests its possible role in NLR-mediated immunity beyond plants.
Assuntos
Fator de Iniciação 2 em Eucariotos , Proteínas , Fator de Iniciação 2 em Eucariotos/metabolismo , Plantas/metabolismo , Domínios Proteicos , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Imunidade Vegetal , Doenças das Plantas , Proteínas NLR/metabolismoRESUMO
Translational reprogramming is a fundamental layer of immune regulation, but how such a global regulatory mechanism operates remains largely unknown. Here we perform a genetic screen and identify Arabidopsis HEM1 as a global translational regulator of plant immunity. The loss of HEM1 causes exaggerated cell death to restrict bacterial growth during effector-triggered immunity (ETI). By improving ribosome footprinting, we reveal that the hem1 mutant increases the translation efficiency of pro-death immune genes. We show that HEM1 contains a plant-specific low-complexity domain (LCD) absent from animal homologues. This LCD endows HEM1 with the capability of phase separation in vitro and in vivo. During ETI, HEM1 interacts and condensates with the translation machinery; this activity is promoted by the LCD. CRISPR removal of this LCD causes more ETI cell death. Our results suggest that HEM1 condensation constitutes a brake mechanism of immune activation by controlling the tissue health and disease resistance trade-off during ETI.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Animais , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Resistência à Doença , Imunidade Vegetal/genética , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologiaRESUMO
Lung infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients cause progressive airway obstruction and tissue damage, which is the predominant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with CF. This paper describes the functional characterization of the pfm gene (open reading frame PA2950) of P. aeruginosa. Using DNA microarrays, we found that the transcriptional levels of type II secretory system genes were significantly reduced in the pfm mutant strain. The type-II-dependent exoprotein LasB could not be secreted normally. The pfm gene was identified as a gene involved in bacterial protein secretion that was critical for the extracellular release of elastase in P. aeruginosa. The abilities to induce lung injury by wild-type and pfm mutant P. aeruginosa were evaluated in a murine acute lung infection model. The results showed that the pathogenicity and virulence of the pfm mutant strain was significantly reduced compared with that of the wild-type strain. The pfm gene and its expression product, as potential new drug targets against P. aeruginosa infection, have important research significance.
Assuntos
Broncopneumonia/microbiologia , Fibrose Cística/complicações , Fibrose Cística/microbiologia , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/metabolismo , Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia , Animais , Broncopneumonia/mortalidade , Broncopneumonia/patologia , Deleção de Genes , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Pulmão/patologia , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/genética , Camundongos , Análise em Microsséries , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genética , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/patogenicidade , Virulência , Fatores de Virulência/metabolismoRESUMO
Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are prevalent in eukaryotic mRNAs. They act as a translational control element for precisely tuning the expression of the downstream major open reading frame (mORF). uORF variation has been clearly associated with several human diseases. In contrast, natural uORF variants in plants have not ever been identified or linked with any phenotypic changes. The paucity of such evidence encouraged us to generate this database-uORFlight (http://uorflight.whu.edu.cn). It facilitates the exploration of uORF variation among different splicing models of Arabidopsis and rice genes. Most importantly, users can evaluate uORF frequency among different accessions at the population scale and find out the causal single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) or insertion/deletion (INDEL), which can be associated with phenotypic variation through database mining or simple experiments. Such information will help to make hypothesis of uORF function in plant development or adaption to changing environments on the basis of the cognate mORF function. This database also curates plant uORF relevant literature into distinct groups. To be broadly interesting, our database expands uORF annotation into more species of fungus (Botrytis cinerea and Saccharomyces cerevisiae), plant (Brassica napus, Glycine max, Gossypium raimondii, Medicago truncatula, Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum tuberosum, Triticum aestivum and Zea mays), metazoan (Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster) and vertebrate (Homo sapiens, Mus musculus and Danio rerio). Therefore, uORFlight will light up the runway toward how uORF genetic variation determines phenotypic diversity and advance our understanding of translational control mechanisms in eukaryotes.
Assuntos
Bases de Dados Genéticas , Eucariotos/metabolismo , Fases de Leitura Aberta/genética , Biossíntese de Proteínas/genética , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Vertebrados/genética , Animais , Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Mineração de Dados/métodos , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Eucariotos/classificação , Fungos/classificação , Fungos/genética , Variação Genética/genética , Humanos , Internet , Plantas/classificação , Plantas/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Especificidade da Espécie , Vertebrados/classificaçãoRESUMO
Dispersed swine wastewater has increasingly aggravated water pollution in China. Anaerobically digested dispersed swine wastewater was targeted and treated by a pilot-scale zoning tidal flow constructed wetland (TFCW) with a bottom wastewater saturation layer. The long-term application of in-situ biological regeneration of biozeolite, nitrogen removal performance, nitrogen removal pathways and microbial community of TFCW were investigated. Results showed that with the surface loads of 0.079, 0.022 and 0.024â¯kg/(m2·d), TFCW could decrease COD, NH4N and TN by 84.75%, 74.13% and 67.13% respectively. Influent COD, NH4N, TN and nitrates/nitrites produced by bioregeneration of NH4N were mostly removed in zeolite layer and the remaining nitrates/nitrites could be further denitrified in bottom saturation layer. Theory of dynamic process of rapid-adsorption and bioregeneration for NH4N removal was proposed. When this process reached dynamic equilibrium, the mass of adsorbed NH4N onto zeolites remained relatively stable. When ambient temperature decreased to 16⯰C, TFCW could still remove COD, NH4N and TN by 73.79%, 72.99% and 70.71% with the surface loads of 0.103, 0.056 and 0.054â¯kg/(m2·d) respectively. Nitrification-denitrification which accounted for 80.32% of TN removal was the main nitrogen removal pathway. Dominant nitrifiers (Nitrosospira and Rhizomicrobium) and denitrifiers (Ottowia, Thauera and Rhodanobacteria) in biozeolite layer verified the existence of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.
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Nitrogênio/química , Águas Residuárias/química , Áreas Alagadas , Zeolitas/química , Animais , China , Desnitrificação , Nitrificação , Nitrogênio/isolamento & purificação , Projetos Piloto , SuínosRESUMO
A new type of heterogeneous palladium catalyst, PdMgAl-LDH, was facilely prepared by the immobilization of Pd2+ species in the layers of a Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) with co-precipitation, and then fully characterized by using powder XRD, thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis, TEM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. These catalysts can efficiently catalyze copper-free Sonogashira, Suzuki and Heck coupling reactions of various aryl iodides, bromides, and chlorides in aqueous media under phosphine-ligand- and organic-base-free conditions. These catalysts feature easy recovery through simple filtration and could be reused at least six times without a marked loss in activity. Notably, they can be facilely reactivated by a combination of nitrolysis with co-precipitation. The basic LDH skeletons could effectively stabilize the Pd0 species created in situ and donate electron density to the Pd0 center to facilitate the oxidative addition of aryl halides, thus the PdMgAl-LDH catalysts are stable during catalysis.
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An efficient and green synthesis of 4-ferrocenylquinoline derivatives through a TsOH-catalyzed three-component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, amines and ferrocenylacetylene in water has been successfully developed. This strategy is a powerful method for the construction of diverse ferrocenyl-quinoline conjugates from simple available starting materials as it minimized the use of metal catalyst and organic solvent in the reaction process. The conjugates feature unique structures and excellent electronic properties. Moreover, a plausible mechanism for this TsOH-catalyzed three-component reaction was proposed and assessed.
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The need for more effective anti-chlamydial therapeutics has sparked research efforts geared toward further understanding chlamydial pathogenesis mechanisms. Recent studies have implicated the secreted chlamydial serine protease, chlamydial protease-like activity factor (CPAF) as potentially important for chlamydial pathogenesis. By mechanisms that remain to be elucidated, CPAF is directed to a discrete group of substrates, which are subsequently cleaved or degraded. While inspecting the previously solved CPAF crystal structure, we discovered that CPAF contains a cryptic N-terminal PSD95 Dlg ZO-1 (PDZ) domain spanning residues 106-212 (CPAF106-212). This PDZ domain is unique in that it bears minimal sequence similarity to canonical PDZ-forming sequences and displays little sequence and structural similarity to known chlamydial PDZ domains. We show that the CPAF106-212 sequence is homologous to PDZ domains of human tight junction proteins.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/química , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Polaridade Celular , Chlamydia trachomatis/enzimologia , Peptídeo Hidrolases/química , Peptídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Homologia Estrutural de Proteína , Junções Íntimas/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Chlamydia trachomatis/genética , Biologia Computacional , Sequência Conservada , Genoma Bacteriano , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Estrutura Secundária de Proteína , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Alinhamento de Sequência , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The anaerobically digested effluent of the dispersed swine wastewater was treated by a three-stage bio-zeolite constructed wetland, and the performance of the wetland, the variation of pollutants concentration in effluent and ORP distribution in the bio-zeolite layer were studied. The results showed that COD, N and P in the digested effluent could be efficiently removed by the wetland, and the wetland also had resistance to ammonia impact load. When the hydraulic loading rate was 0.047 m3·(m2·d)-1, COD, NH4+-N and TN (the average mass concentrations in inflow were 477.7, 155.3 and 176.4 mg·L-1) were mainly removed in the district 1 of the wetland, and the average removal rates were 80.6%, 55.3% and 58.1%, respectively. There was obvious enhancement of nitrification in the bio-zeolite, and the major nitrification product was nitrate. The mass concentrations of NO3--N in the district 1, district 2 and district 3 of the wetland were 85.85, 91.06 and 82.41 mg·L-1, respectively. The nitrate produced in bio-zeolite layer of the district 1 could be denitrified by microorganisms in the slag brick layer using the residual organic substances in water as the substrate. TP was mainly removed by adsorption in the slag brick layer, and the role of microbe assimilation was relatively small. The reaeration of the bio-zeolite layer in the three-stage wetland was good. Most of the ORP values remained over 400 mV in the bio-zeolite layer.
Assuntos
Nitrificação , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos , Purificação da Água , Áreas Alagadas , Zeolitas/química , Animais , Nitrogênio , Suínos , Águas ResiduáriasRESUMO
Objective. The goal of this study was to explore the clinical value of combining two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) transvaginal contrast-enhanced ultrasounds (CEUS) in diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma (EC). Methods. In this prospective diagnostic study, transvaginal 2D and 3D CEUS were performed on 68 patients with suspected EC, and the results of the obtained 2D-CEUS and 3D-CEUS images were compared with the gold standard for statistical analysis. Results. 2D-CEUS benign endometrial lesions showed the normal uterine perfusion phase while EC cases showed early arrival and early washout of the contrast agent and nonuniform enhancement. The 3D-CEUS images differed in central blood vessel manifestation, blood vessel shape, and vascular pattern between benign and malignant endometrial lesions (P < 0.05). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of transvaginal 2D-CEUS and 2D-CEUS combined with 3D-CEUS for diagnosis of benign and malignant endometrial lesions were 76.9%, 73.8%, 64.5%, 83.8%, and 75.0% and 84.6%, 83.3%, 75.9%, 89.7%, and 83.8%, respectively. Conclusion. 3D-CEUS is a useful supplement to 2D-CEUS and can clearly reveal the angioarchitecture spatial relationships between vessels and depth of myometrial invasion in EC. The combined use of 2D and 3D-CEUS can offer direct, accurate, and comprehensive diagnosis of early EC.