Comparative Study of Simulation of Temperature Rise in Ring Main Unit.

The Ring Main Unit (RMU) is a critical device in power distribution systems used for connecting and distributing electricity. However, due to its compact internal structure and high current load, heat dissipation issues are particularly prominent. To address this problem, this study innovatively proposes a simplified RMU model, employing finite element simulation methods to accurately solve for the ohmic losses of conductors under actual operating conditions and obtain ohmic loss data for various components. This is the first in-depth investigation of the RMU's temperature rise problem using such a comprehensive approach. Subsequently, the temperature field was solved using two different temperature field analysis modules, with a detailed comparison and analysis of the simulation results to identify similarities, differences, and trends in temperature distribution. The results indicate that the temperature field solution model, which considers convective heat transfer, is more accurate and aligns with actual operating conditions. This research provides an innovative approach and practical solutions for the design and optimization of RMUs. Future research can further explore multiphysics coupling analysis methods to address structural design and mandatory validation issues for high and ultra-high voltage RMUs and other electrical equipment, thereby providing important insights for engineering design.

Tumor Location and Survival Outcomes in Adult Patients with Supratentorial Glioblastoma by Levels of Toll-Like Receptor 9 Expression.

BACKGROUND: Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a key immunotherapy target for glioblastoma (GBM). This study explored the correlation of TLR9 expression with tumor location and survival outcomes in patients with supratentorial GBM. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 46 patients with supratentorial GBMs and divided them into those with high TLR9 (TRL9High) and low TLR9 (TRL9Low) levels. The 2 groups were compared by patients' ages, sex, preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score, resection extent, tumor location, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: The TLR9 expression percentages for the GBM specimens were TRL9High: 72% (33/46) and TRL9Low: 28% (13/46). The 2 groups showed no differences in patient age (P = 0.147) and sex (χ2 = 0.002, P = 0.966), preoperative KPS score (χ2 = 0.033, P = 0.855), or resection extent (χ2 = 2.405, P = 0.121). Location differed significantly, with 85% (11/13) of TRL9Low tumors in the left hemisphere and 45% (15/33) of TRL9High tumors on the same side (χ2 = 5.82, P = 0.016). The TRL9Low group had a median PFS of 612 days (range, 77-926 days), significantly longer than the TRL9High group (355 days; range, 105-861 days; P = 0.042). Median OS of the TRL9Low group (733 days; range, 163-969 days) was also significantly longer than in the TRL9High group (396 days; range, 135-1024 days; P = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with TRL9Low supratentorial GBM tend to have longer survival than those with higher TLR9 expression. Such tumors show a location preference for the left hemisphere.