Heterologous COVID-19 vaccines intervention effect on reactogenicity.

To determine the change in the occurrence of short-term vaccine reactions on the use of heterologous Covid-19 booster, a single centre short-term study of two months duration was conducted. It was designed as an interventional study with registered clinical trial number # SLCTR/2022/008. It was conducted on medical students and faculty of a National university of medical sciences, Rawalpindi affiliated public sector medical college. A total of 348 individuals were administered with Ad5-nCoV vaccine and 101 with mRNA-1273 vaccine. They all had been previously vaccinated with two doses of BBIBP-CorV. BBIBP-CorV reactogenicity was considered a control group. Vaccine reactions, including pain and redness at the injection site, fever, no observed reactions at all, myalgia, feeling cold, dizziness, paraesthesia in the arm, lightheadedness, had a significant change in their frequencies in comparison to homologous vaccine (BBIBP-CorV) reactogenicity. It was concluded that mixing and matching of COVID-19 vaccines result in an increase in frequency of post-vaccine short-term reactions.

Comparative analysis between outcomes of minimally invasive gynaecological surgeries and traditional abdominal surgeries for benign gynaecological conditions.

Objective: To compare outcomes of minimally invasive gynaecological surgeries with open gynaecological surgical techniques in a low-resource setting. METHODS: The quasi-experimental study was conducted at a tertiary care public-sector hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from September 2022 to August 2023, and comprised women with benign gynaecological conditions. The subjects were divided into two groups. Group-I included participants who underwent minimally invasive gynaecological surgeries, while Group- II patients underwent open gynaecological surgical intervention. Outcome variables included pre-discharge pain score, post-operative mobility, operative time, blood-loss during surgery, length of hospital stay and intraoperative as well as postoperative complications. Data was analysed using SPSS 25. RESULTS: Of the 319 women, 146(45.7%) were in Group-I with mean age 30.83±5.47 years, and 173(54.2%) were in group-II with mean age 44.87±10.46 years. Body mass index, length of marriage, history of previous surgery, comorbidities and menopausal status were significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). Duration of surgery and hospital stay were lower in Group-I compared to Group-II (p<0.05). Intra-operative complications were not significantly different between the groups (p<0.05), while the differences in post-operative complications were significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Better clinical outcomes were observed for minimally invasive gynaecological surgeries than open surgeries among women diagnosed with benign gynaecological diseases.