Plasticity of bone marrow-derived cell differentiation depending on microenvironments in the skin.

Bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) are heterogeneous populations in which not only pluripotent stem cells, namely, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) but also endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are involved. BMDCs contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis and recovery from disrupted homeostasis as the immune, endocrine, and nervous systems. The skin is the largest organ in which various tissues, such as the epidermis, dermis, skin appendages (i.e., hair follicles), fats, muscles, and vessels, are tightly and systematically packed. It functions as a physical barrier to block the invasion of harmful substances and pathogenic microorganisms and properly regulate water evaporation. The skin is exposed to injuries from external stimuli because it is the outermost layer and owing to its specificity. Recovery from physical injuries and DNA mutations occurs constantly in the skin, but medical treatments are required for impaired wound healing. Recently, conservative treatments utilizing scaffolds have attracted attention as alternatives to surgical therapy, which is highly invasive. Against this background, numerous scaffolds are available in a clinical setting, although they have not surpassed surgery because of their distinct disadvantages. Here, we discuss the plasticity of BMDCs in the skin to maintain homeostasis, in addition to their critical roles on recovery from disrupted homeostasis. We also share our perspective on how scaffolds can be developed to establish scaffolds beyond surgery to regenerate skin structure during wound healing by maximally utilizing the plasticity of BMDCs.

Hiperuricemia como factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de hipertensión, daño renal crónico y síndrome metabólico / Hyperuricemia as a risk factor for developing hypertension, chronic kidney damage and metabolic syndrome

Por mucho tiempo se ha descrito una asociación entre la hiperuricemia y el desarrollo de hipertensión arterial, enfermedades cardiovascular y renal, así como síndrome metabólico: sin embargo el mecanismo de año asociado a la hiperuricemia no ha sido aclarado totalmente, principalmente debido a la fala de un modelo experimental adecuado. actualmente existe un renovado interés por el posible papel patogénico del ácido úrico; estudios clínicos, epidemiológicos y expeirmentales sugieren que la hiperuricemia puede contribuir al desarrollo y permanencia de la hipertension arterial sistémica, las enfermedades cardiovasculares y renales, el síndrome metabólico y posiblemente la diabetes mellitus tipo 2.