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1.
Nutr Hosp ; 37(1): 129-136, 2020 Feb 17.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31825234

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Obesity has become one of the most serious health problems in our society and is associated with a multitude of conditions and complications at puberty. Through this descriptive, cross-sectional study we intended, first, to know the differences by gender in lifestyle and physical condition variables, and second, to know the determinants related to lifestyle and physical condition for a Spanish population aged 10 to 12 years with a medium socioeconomic status. The variables analyzed were BMI, physical condition variables (agility, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory capacity), and health habit variables (quality and frequency of food, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and sleep duration). We found significant differences between girls and boys in food quality and frequency, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, flexibility, and maximum oxygen consumption variables. In the predictive analysis, the models significantly predicted the BMI for the total sample, the group of boys, and the group of girls. Explanatory variables include quality of breakfast, sedentary lifestyle, VO2 max and agility.


INTRODUCCIÓN: La obesidad se ha convertido en uno de los problemas de salud más graves de la sociedad y se relaciona con multitud de afecciones y complicaciones en la pubertad. Mediante este estudio descriptivo, transversal y poblacional se pretende, en primer lugar, conocer las diferencias entre las variables del estilo de vida y la condición física de cada género y, en segundo lugar, conocer los determinantes relacionados con el estilo de vida y la condición física en una población española de 10 a 12 años de edad con nivel socioeconómico medio. Las variables analizadas fueron el IMC, las variables de condición física (agilidad, flexibilidad y capacidad cardiorrespiratoria) y las variables de los hábitos de salud (calidad y frecuencia alimentaria, práctica de actividad física, sedentarismo y descanso nocturno). Encontramos diferencias significativas entre chicas y chicos para las variables de calidad y frecuencia alimentarias, actividad física, sedentarismo, flexibilidad y consumo máximo de oxígeno. En el análisis predictivo, los modelos predijeron significativamente el IMC de la muestra total, del grupo de chicos y del grupo de chicas, siendo las variables explicativas la calidad del desayuno, el sedentarismo de pantalla, el VO2 máx y la agilidad.


Assuntos
Índice de Massa Corporal , Estilo de Vida , Condicionamento Físico Humano , Limiar Anaeróbio , Desjejum , Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Exercício Físico , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Comportamento Sedentário , Fatores Sexuais , Sono , Classe Social , Espanha/epidemiologia
2.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab ; 43(4): 331-337, 2018 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29136476

RESUMO

The global rate of obesity in childhood is becoming an epidemic and many authors have established a significant association between childhood obesity and overweight in adulthood. It is therefore necessary to seek effective strategies to reduce these levels of obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Healthy Habits Program (HHP). The participants comprised 158 children from the fifth and sixth grades (intervention group, n = 82; control group, n = 76). The HHP is a school-based physical activity program focusing on promoting a healthy lifestyle. It lasted for 8 months, and measurements were taken at the beginning and end of the program. Physiological variables (total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, blood pressure, and maximal oxygen consumption), anthropometric variables (body mass index (BMI)) and behavioral variables (breakfast, quality of diet, meal frequency, physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, and perceived health) were evaluated. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant improvements (p < 0.05) after the intervention for the intervention group in triglycerides, blood glucose and maximal oxygen consumption. Significant improvements were also observed in breakfast habits and quality of diet. Finally, a significant improvement in prevalence of normal levels was observed for total cholesterol, blood pressure, and BMI. It can therefore be stated that the HHP is an innovative and useful school-based program that can help to improve diet and health in childhood.


Assuntos
Comportamento Infantil , Dieta Saudável , Exercício Físico , Comportamento Alimentar , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Obesidade Infantil/prevenção & controle , Comportamento de Redução do Risco , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Fatores Etários , Biomarcadores/sangue , Glicemia/metabolismo , Pressão Sanguínea , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Consumo de Oxigênio , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/fisiopatologia , Obesidade Infantil/psicologia , Aptidão Física , Prevalência , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Fatores de Proteção , Fatores de Risco , Sono , Espanha/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo
3.
Nutr Hosp ; 32(5): 2198-207, 2015 Nov 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26545678

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: 21 K and 1 000 m ascent trail-running races can be dangerous if an appropriate liquid replacement isn't maintained. OBJECTIVES: know trail-runners level of dehydration and assess the differences between ad libitum water (CcA) and sport drink (CcB) hydration after a trail running race. METHODS: 18 subjects, mean age 31.9 (±2.8) and %MG 10.53 (±2.8), completed CcA or CcB. CcA and CcB effects on Weight (P), Fat Mass (MG), Glucose (GL), Lactate (LT), Systolic (TAS) and Diastolic Arterial Tension (TAD), Heart Rate (PPM) and Tympanic Temperature (Tª) were assessed. All measurements were taken at the start (T1) and the finish (T2) of each race. A Friedman ANOVA test was used to calculate the effect of CcA and CcB on each variable. Differences between race time (TC), % bodyweight loss (%PP) and liquid ingestion (LI) were assessed with a Wilcoxon test. All statistical analysis were conducted with SPSS version 20.0 (IBM, Somers, NY, USA). RESULTS: mean %PP was 2.967 (± 0.969) and 2.883 (± 0.730) for CcA and CcB respectively. No significant differences were found between %PP and LI (p > .05) between races. Significant changes were found in P, %MG, GL, L, TAS and PPM between T1 and T2 in CcA condition. While only significant changes in P and PPM were stabilised between T1 and T2 in CcB condition. CONCLUSIONS: neither water or sport drink ingestion avoid trail-runners to reach a dehydrated state. However, dehydration effects seems to be more serious when only water is ingested.


Introducción: las carreras por montaña de 21 km y 1.000 metros de desnivel pueden suponer un riesgo si no se mantiene una adecuada reposición hídrica. Objetivo: conocer los niveles de deshidratación y evaluar las diferencias entre una carrera con ingesta voluntaria de agua (CcA) y bebida deportiva (CcB). Método: 18 sujetos de 31,9 (±2,8) años y %MG 10,53 (±2,8), completaron una CcA o una CcB. Se evaluó el efecto de CcA y CcB sobre cada variable; Peso (P), Masa Grasa (MG), Glucosa (GL), Lactato (LT), Tensión Arterial Sistólica (TAS) y Diastólica (TAD), Pulsaciones por Minuto (PPM) y Temperatura Timpánica (Tª). Estas fueron tomadas al inicio (T1) y al final (T2) de cada prueba. Los efectos se calcularon con la ANOVA Friedman. Las diferencias en las variables tiempo de carrera (TC), % de pérdida de peso (%PP) y líquido ingerido (LI) se evaluaron con la prueba de Wilcoxon. Todos los cálculos se realizaron con el SPSS versión 20.0 (IBM, Somers, NY, USA). Resultado: el % PP fue de 2,967 (± 0,969) y 2,883 (± 0,730), para CcA y CcB. En TC, %PP y LI no hay diferencias (p > .05) entre carreras. Para CcA en función del tiempo, son significativos (p < .05) los cambios en: P, %MG, GL, L, TAS y PPM. Para CcB en función del tiempo, solo son significativos en P y PPM. Conclusiones: ningún líquido consigue evitar que los deportistas se deshidraten. No obstante, los efectos de la deshidratación son mucho más severos ingiriendo solo agua.


Assuntos
Bebidas , Desidratação/prevenção & controle , Ingestão de Líquidos , Montanhismo/fisiologia , Corrida/fisiologia , Adulto , Desempenho Atlético , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico , Redução de Peso
4.
Nutr Hosp ; 31(4): 1533-9, 2015 Apr 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25795938

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The vulnerability of children and the current epidemiological situation requires the use of validated instruments to study their eating habits in contexts like home and school. OBJECTIVE: Validating a subscale Eating Habits in Children, aged between 10 and 12 years. METHOD: To study the validity and the internal logic of the instrument, 5 experts rated each item and afterwards, the canonical coefficient concordance (CCC) was calculated. 134 students completed the subscale two times to ensure the study consistency and reliability. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), the Spearman Correlation Coefficient (SCC) and Wilcoxon test were calculated. 187 students were involved for the criterion validity. The SCC between BMI and triceps skinfold (TS) was assessed with the final subscale score. RESULT: The subscale was finally composed by 27 items. The experts score was 3.94 (out of 4 possible points). The CCC was 83.04%. Wilcoxon result was (p<.05) to each item. Result of ICC> .06 was obtained to 81.86% of the subscale. The ICC was (range 467-914)for 25 out of the 27 items. The CCS was (range 350-777)(p <.01) in 25 out of the 27 variables. The SCC for criteria validity of de Subescale with BMI and PLT was in both cases (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS: It is proven that this subscale is a valid instrument, reliable, simple, with fast delivery and easy understanding.


Introducción: La vulnerabilidad de los niños y la actual situación epidemiológica, hace necesarioel uso de instrumentos validados para estudiar sus hábitos alimenticios tanto en contextos familiares como en escolares. Objetivo: Validar una Subescala de Hábitos Alimentarios en Niños (SEHAN), de 10 a 12 años. Método: Se validó el instrumento y sus ítems por cinco expertos y apartir de estas valoraciones se calculó el coeficiente de concordancia canónica (CCC). Para la fiabilidad y consistencia interna, 134 estudiantes completaron dos veces la subescala y se calculó el Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclase (CCI), el Coeficiente de Correlación de Spearman (CCS) y el test Wilcoxon. Para la validez criterial se halló el CCS de 187 alumnos. Se valoró la correlación entre IMC y pliegue tricipital (PLT) con la puntuación final de la SEHAN. Resultado: La SEHANquedó compuesta por 27 ítems. La puntuación de los expertos fue de 3.94 (sobre 4 puntos posibles). El CCC fue del 83.04%. El resultado del test de Wilcoxon, fue (p< .05). Para el 81.86% de la subescalase obtuvo un CCI>.06. El CCI rango fue .467 - .914 para 25 de los 27 ítems. El CCS rango fue .350 - .777 (p< .01) en 25 de las 27 variables. El CCS para la validez criterial de la SEHAN con IMCy PLT en ambos casos fue (p< .05). Conclusiones: La SEHAN demostró ser un instrumento válido, fiable, sencillo, de rápida administración y fácil compresión.


Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Dobras Cutâneas , Espanha , Traduções
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