Measurement of the helicity asymmetry E for the reaction γ p → π 0 p : The CBELSA/TAPS Collaboration.

A measurement of the double-polarization observable E for the reaction γ p → π 0 p is reported. The data were taken with the CBELSA/TAPS experiment at the ELSA facility in Bonn using the Bonn frozen-spin butanol (C 4 H 9 OH) target, which provided longitudinally-polarized protons. Circularly-polarized photons were produced via bremsstrahlung of longitudinally-polarized electrons. The data cover the photon energy range from E γ = 600 to 2310 MeV and nearly the complete angular range. The results are compared to and have been included in recent partial wave analyses.

Observation of the pη

Data on the beam asymmetry Σ in the photoproduction of η mesons off protons are reported for tagged photon energies from 1130 to 1790 MeV (mass range from W=1748 MeV to W=2045 MeV). The data cover the full solid angle that allows for a precise moment analysis. For the first time, a strong cusp effect in a polarization observable has been observed that is an effect of a branch-point singularity at the pη^{'} threshold [E_{γ}=1447 MeV (W=1896 MeV)]. The latest BnGa partial wave analysis includes the new beam asymmetry data and yields a strong indication for the N(1895)1/2^{-} nucleon resonance, demonstrating the importance of including all singularities for a correct determination of partial waves and resonance parameters.

First Measurements of the Double-Polarization Observables F, P, and H in ω Photoproduction off Transversely Polarized Protons in the N

First measurements of double-polarization observables in ω photoproduction off the proton are presented using transverse target polarization and data from the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) FROST experiment at Jefferson Lab. The beam-target asymmetry F has been measured using circularly polarized, tagged photons in the energy range 1200-2700 MeV, and the beam-target asymmetries H and P have been measured using linearly polarized, tagged photons in the energy range 1200-2000 MeV. These measurements significantly increase the database on polarization observables. The results are included in two partial-wave analyses and reveal significant contributions from several nucleon (N^{*}) resonances. In particular, contributions from new N^{*} resonances listed in the Review of Particle Properties are observed, which aid in reaching the goal of mapping out the nucleon resonance spectrum.

FORMATION OF EXCESSIVE AMOUNT OF ENDOGENOUS CARBON MONOXIDE AND INCREASE OF CARBOXYLATED HEMOGLOBIN CONTENT IN PATIENTS WITH POLYTRAUMA.

There are serious conditions for increasing the production of endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) in patients with polytrauma. Any damage to the cell membranes under conditions of traumatic injury, shock, acute respiratory failure, destruction of the blood cells against the background of hemorrhages, blood transfusions, and blood reinfusions can contribute to the enhancement of products. The purpose of the study was the investigation of endogenous CO production in the body of patients with polytrauma by determining the percentage of carboxylated hemoglobin (HbCO%) in the blood using photoplethysmometric technology, as well as determining the degree of danger of the specified products to the body of patients. We have investigated the percentage of HbCO in the blood of 137 patients with polytrauma. 66 patients, upon admission to the clinic, showed prevailing symptoms of traumatic hypovolemic. 36 patients manifested the syndrome of acute respiratory failure on the background of a chest injury with a lung contusion. Another 35 patients had no manifestations of acute insufficiency of the systemic circulation and acute respiratory failure. The results of their survey were used for comparison. The HbCO% content was determined by a photoplethysmometric method using a Masimo Rainbow Rad-57 apparatus (USA) along with indicators of heart rate, capillary blood oxygen saturation (SpO2%) and volume peripheral capillary perfusion (perfusion index). In patients admitted to the hospital in a state of shock, all of these indicators were monitored for 24 hours from the start of urgent surgery. To determine the relationship between the severity of hemolysis and the intensity of production of endogenous CO in patients with polytrauma, 40 patients were examined for the concentration of free hemoglobin in the blood plasma using the benzidine method. The blood carboxylated hemoglobin content was found to be the greater according to the severity of shock, by definition, in accordance with the magnitude of the shock index. The maximum HbCO% blood content in patients who were in a state of shock was ascertained during reperfusion, an hour after the start of an urgent surgical intervention. In patients with thoracic injury, the content of carboxylated hemoglobin was the greater, the more severe were the manifestations of acute respiratory failure syndrome, which was detected according to the severity of arterial hypoxemia. The severity of hemolysis turned out to be an independent risk factor for increased production of endogenous CO in patients with polytrauma. The excessive production of endogenous CO in patients with polytrauma was stated to stand for an additional threat to the viability of the body due to the formation of carboxylated hemoglobin and increased hypoxia. A probable mechanism is the activation of free radical oxidation processes with the damage of cell membranes.

Strong Evidence for Nucleon Resonances near 1900 MeV.

Data on the reaction γp→K^{+}Λ from the CLAS experiments are used to derive the leading multipoles, E_{0+}, M_{1-}, E_{1+}, and M_{1+}, from the production threshold to 2180 MeV in 24 slices of the invariant mass. The four multipoles are determined without any constraints. The multipoles are fitted using a multichannel L+P model that allows us to search for singularities and to extract the positions of poles on the complex energy plane in an almost model-independent method. The multipoles are also used as additional constraints in an energy-dependent analysis of a large body of pion and photoinduced reactions within the Bonn-Gatchina partial wave analysis. The study confirms the existence of poles due to nucleon resonances with spin parity J^{P}=1/2^{-}, 1/2^{+}, and 3/2^{+} in the region at about 1.9 GeV.

Beam-Target Helicity Asymmetry for γ[over →]n[over →]→π

We report the first beam-target double-polarization asymmetries in the γ+n(p)→π^{-}+p(p) reaction spanning the nucleon resonance region from invariant mass W=1500 to 2300 MeV. Circularly polarized photons and longitudinally polarized deuterons in solid hydrogen deuteride (HD) have been used with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at Jefferson Lab. The exclusive final state has been extracted using three very different analyses that show excellent agreement, and these have been used to deduce the E polarization observable for an effective neutron target. These results have been incorporated into new partial wave analyses and have led to significant revisions for several γnN^{*} resonance photocouplings.

[Methodical problems of monitoring of fine particulate matters in atmospheric air of residential areas].

Inhalation of fine particulate matters (PM and PM ) poses a threat for the health of population. Purpose of the study the analysis of the monitoring of fine particulate matters in the atmospheric air of Saint-Petersburg and identification of the main problems of the monitoring. Research methods methods of scientific hypothetical deductive cognition, sanitary-statistical methods, general logical methods and approaches of researches: analysis, synthesis, abstracting, generalization, induction. Results. The article represents the analysis of the monitoring of fine particulate matters in the atmospheric air of Saint- Petersburg. Only 11 in automatic monitoring stations out of 22 there is carried out the control of fine particulate matters: in 7 - PM and PM, and in 4 - PM The average year concentrations were below MAC in all the stations. The maximum concentrations achieved 3 MAC, but the repeatance of cases of exceedence of concentrations more than MAC was very rare. On the average of the city concentrations of PM were decreased from 0,8 MAC in 2006 and 1,1 MAC in 2007 to 0,5 MAC in 2013-14. The executed analysis revealed main problems of the monitoring of fine particulate matters in the Russian Federation. They include the absence of the usage 1of the officially approved methods of controlling of PM and PM in the atmospheric air until March 1, 2016, lack of the modern equipment for measurement of fine particulate matters. Conclusions. Therefore, the state of the monitoring of fine particulate matters in the atmospheric air in the Russian Federation fails to be satisfactory. It is necessary to improve system of the monitoring, create modern Russian appliances, methods and means for measurement of fine particulate matters concentrations in the atmospheric air.

Three-body nature of N(*) and Δ(*) resonances from sequential decay chains.

The Nπ^{0}π^{0} decays of positive-parity N^{*} and Δ^{*} resonances at about 2 GeV are studied at ELSA by photoproduction of two neutral pions off protons. The data reveal clear evidence for several intermediate resonances: Δ(1232), N(1520)3/2^{-}, and N(1680)5/2^{+}, with spin parities J^{P}=3/2^{+}, 3/2^{-}, and 5/2^{+}. The partial wave analysis (within the Bonn-Gatchina approach) identifies N(1440)1/2^{+} and the N(ππ)_{S wave} (abbreviated as Nσ here) as further isobars and assigns the final states to the formation of nucleon and Δ resonances and to nonresonant contributions. We observe the known Δ(1232)π decays of Δ(1910)1/2^{+}, Δ(1920)3/2^{+}, Δ(1905)5/2^{+}, Δ(1950)7/2^{+}, and of the corresponding spin-parity series in the nucleon sector, N(1880)1/2^{+}, N(1900)3/2^{+}, N(2000)5/2^{+}, and N(1990)7/2^{+}. For the nucleon resonances, these decay modes are reported here for the first time. Further new decay modes proceed via N(1440)1/2^{+}π, N(1520)3/2^{-}π, N(1680)5/2^{+}π, and Nσ. The latter decay modes are observed in the decay of N^{*} resonances and at most weakly in Δ^{*} decays. It is argued that these decay modes provide evidence for a 3-quark nature of N^{*} resonances rather than a quark-diquark structure.

First measurement of the helicity asymmetry for γp → pπ0 in the resonance region.

The first measurement of the helicity dependence of the photoproduction cross section of single neutral pions off protons is reported for photon energies from 600 to 2300 MeV, covering nearly the full solid angle. The data are compared to predictions from the SAID, MAID, and BnGa partial wave analyses. Strikingly large differences between data and predictions are observed, which are traced to differences in the helicity amplitudes of well-known and established resonances. Precise values for the helicity amplitudes of several resonances are reported.

Well-established nucleon resonances revisited by double-polarization measurements.

The first measurement is reported of the double-polarization observable G in the photoproduction of neutral pions off protons, covering the photon energy range from 620 to 1120 MeV and the full solid angle. G describes the correlation between the photon polarization plane and the scattering plane for protons polarized along the direction of the incoming photon. The observable is highly sensitive to contributions from baryon resonances. The new results are compared to the predictions from SAID, MAID, and BnGa partial wave analyses. In spite of the long-lasting efforts to understand γp→pπ(0) as the simplest photoproduction reaction, surprisingly large differences between the new data and the latest predictions are observed which are traced to different contributions of the N(1535) resonance with spin parity J(P)=1/2(-) and N(1520) with J(P)=3/2(-). In the third resonance region, where N(1680) with J(P)=5/2(+) production dominates, the new data are reasonably close to the predictions.

Assessment of environmental impact zones in the Kola Peninsula forest ecosystems.

This paper describes the condition of forest ecosystems subjected to smelter pollution in the Kola peninsula. This assessment is based on the parameters of the biogeochemical cycle. The defoliation index was used to delimit three basic forest states: background, defoliating, sparse. Close to the smelter, due to expansion of the area not covered by vegetation, a fourth type of state, so-called "industrial deserts", has been observed. The concentrations of sulphur, copper and nickel in the precipitation in the forests generally declined with distance from the smelter. The defoliating forests are noted for the highest Ca, Mg, K concentrations in the summer precipitation. In sparse forests and industrial deserts a decrease in the Ca, Mg, K concentrations in the summer precipitation in comparison with the defoliating forests, despite the particle emissions, could be attributed to the reduction in forest biomass. The higher levels of soil and soil leachate carbon and acidity in the defoliating forests was due to higher litterfall and to the higher dissolution of fulvic acids by the acidic precipitation. This increase in organic matter levels affects soil cation exchange capacity and cation saturation. The pine trees demonstrated significant changes in the uptake of elements in all types of forests under pollution. Elevated levels of S, Ni, Cu and K and reduced levels of Mg, Mn and Zn were found in the needles of different age classes.

Ni and Cu migration and accumulation in forest ecosystems on the Kola Peninsula.

Biogeochemical cycles of Ni and Cu in pine forests on the northern tree line (Kola peninsula) in the background and industry-disturbed areas have been investigated. Total, bio-available and exchangeable concentrations of Ni and Cu in the soil, atmospheric Ni and Cu fluxes and soil water migration, and metal uptake by plants are considered. In the polluted area, forest ecosystems are seen as biogeochemical barriers which may attenuate intensity of Ni and Cu migration down the soil profile. A quantitative assessment is given of the role of dominating forest plants and soil horizons as barriers to heavy metal fluxes.

[Neurologic disorders in chromosome abnormalities in children]. / Nevrologicheskie narusheniia pri khromosomnykh anomaliiakh u detei.

The authors describe neurological disorders in 134 children of different age. The results of clinical and paraclinical examinations, including computerized tomography of the brain are presented. The clinical symptomatology in this series is compared with the literature data.

[The surgical treatment of injuries to the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie povrezhdenii briushnoi aorty i nizhnei poloi veny.

The experience of treatment of 44 patients with traumatic and abdominal aorta and inferior cava vein is represented. All traumatic injuries of these vessels were accompanied by damages organs. Various kinds of vascular suture and angioplasty with synthetic prostheses were used. 17 operated patients died (38.6%). 19 patients were followed up for period from 1 to 8 years after surgery. Neither arterial nor venous blood flow disturbances were revealed.

[Peritoneosorption in the treatment of diffuse peritonitis in children]. / Peritoneosorbtsiia v lechenii razlitogo peritonita u detei.

The article deals with the results of experimental study on 225 inbred albino rats and experience in the treatment of 143 children with terminal and toxic phases of diffuse peritonitis by correction of the pH of the abdominal cavity medium with standard trisamine solution with one-stage and prolonged peritoneosorption by hemodes under conditions of closed and open management of the abdominal cavity.

[Wounds of the abdomen and pelvis with damage to the major vessels]. / Raneniia zhivota i taza s povrezhdeniem magistral'nykh sosudov.

The results of treatment of 144 patients with major vessels injuries in abdomen and pelvis injuries are performed. They had injuries of 146 vessels and of 220 abdominal organs. Mean blood loss was 2620 ml. 39 persons died (27.1%). The main lethality causes: haemorrhagic shock, late admission to the hospital, non-adequate angiosurgical service. The most characteristic errors in polytrauma: nonremoved major vessels injuries in laparotomy, unsuccessful attempts to stop bleeding and nonprofessional placing of a vascular suture, wrong sequence of operative instruments, defects of surgical service organization.

[Comparative characteristics of methods of evaluation of plasma toxicity and severity of toxemia in acute diffuse peritonitis]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika metodov otsenki toksichnosti plazmy krovi i tiazhesti intoksikatsii pri ostrom razlitom peritonite.

Experimental and clinical investigations have established the method of biological testing on mice and the leukocyte index of intoxication to be objective and reliable criteria for the estimation of the blood plasma toxicity and the degree of intoxication.

[Correction of energy homeostasis in the acute period of concomitant brain injury].

A randomized prospective study of 191 patients with concomitant brain injury (CBI) of different severity has been carried out. All patients underwent surgery and received treatment in reanimation and intensive care departments. The main group consisted of 100 (52.4%) patients treated with cytoflavin in dosage 20-40 ml daily intravenously in drops during 10 days in addition to standard treatment. The comparison group included 91 (47.6%) patients who received standard treatment only. A positive effect of cytoflavin on clinical symptoms and laboratory characteristics of patients with CBI was identified. The decrease in severity measured with the APACHE II, higher activation of consciousness and improvement in the dynamics of neurological symptoms in these patients have resulted in the reduction in the duration of artificial lung ventilation and total hospital stay.