[Minimally invasive interventions for complications associated with intra-abdominal calculi after laparoscopic cholecystectomy]. / Vozmozhnosti minimal'no invazivnykh vmeshatel'stv v lechenii oslozhnenii, svyazannykh s vnutribryushnymi konkrementami posle videolaparoskopicheskoi kholetsistektomii.

OBJECTIVE: To study the possibilities of minimally invasive methods for removing intra-abdominal calculi after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: There were 5 patients with abdominal abscesses associated with infected calculi after previous laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Care between 2020 and 2023. Mean age of patients was 55±12 years. There were 3 (60%) women and 2 (40%) men. All patients underwent minimally invasive treatment. RESULTS: Four patients (80%) underwent percutaneous drainage of abscess with subsequent replacement by larger drains and removal of calculi with endoscopic assistance. Event-free period after cholecystectomy was 44±32 months. One patient developed subhepatic abscess in 72 months after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This patient underwent transluminal removal of calculus through the duodenal wall. There was 1 calculus in 3 (60%) patients, 2 calculi in 1 (20%) patient and 3 calculi in 1 (20%) patient. CONCLUSION: The above-mentioned cases demonstrate successful minimally invasive interventions for symptomatic abdominal calculi after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Minimally invasive treatment can reduce surgical aggression and accelerate rehabilitation.

[Pancreatic duct stenting in acute severe pancreatitis]. / Stentirovanie pankreaticheskogo protoka pri ostrom tyazhelom pankreatite.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic retrograde stenting of the pancreatic duct for acute severe pancreatitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed 94 patients with acute severe pancreatitis who underwent surgery (n=87, 92.6%) and endoscopic retrograde pancreatic stenting (n=28, 29.8%). The first group included 15 patients (16%) after pancreatic duct stenting in aseptic phase of acute pancreatitis. The second group enrolled 13 patients (13.8%) who underwent pancreatic duct stenting in the phase of sequestration and infection. The third group consisted of 66 patients (70.2%) after open surgery without pancreatic duct stenting. RESULTS: In the 1st group, we recanalized the necrosis zone up to distal pancreas via stenting. Infection was detected in 14 out of 15 patients. Surgical treatment was performed in 13 patients (13.8%). In the second group, pancreatic duct stenting was carried out in the phase of infected pancreatitis. We applied stenting to block the area of duct destruction or restore outflow in case of distal defect. No infection was observed in 1 out of 13 patients. Pancreatic duct stenting was not performed in 66 patients of the third group. Surgical treatment was performed in 59 patients (62.8%). In general, 11 of 94 patients (11.7%) were free from infection. CONCLUSION: Better postoperative outcomes were observed in patients with damage to pancreatic duct, pancreatic drainage through percutaneous drains installed at the first stage of treatment. Early pancreatic duct stenting did not lead to significant improvement in treatment outcomes.

[Endoscopic transluminal drainage for infected pancreatic necrosis]. / Endoskopicheskoe vnutriprosvetnoe drenirovanie zon pankreatogennoi destruktsii pri nekrotiziruyushchem pankreatite.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of intraluminal drainage of acute fluid accumulations for infected pancreatic necrosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: There were 848 patients with acute pancreatitis between January 2018 and December 2020 at the Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Care. Necrotizing pancreatitis was detected in 232 (27.4%) patients. Among necrotic forms, pancreatic parenchymal necrosis was detected in 56 (24.1%) patients, its combination with peripancreatic necrosis - in 176 (75.9%) patients. All patients underwent transabdominal ultrasound, CT of the abdomen and retroperitoneal space, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, endo-ultrasonography of pancreatobiliary zone. Dimensions and localization of acute necrotic accumulations were established using ultrasound and CT data. Endoscopic transluminal drainage was performed in 22 patients with necrotizing pancreatitis and fluid accumulations attached to the stomach or duodenum. There were 12 men (55%) and 10 women (45%) aged 48.5 [39; 56] (35; 88) years. Effectiveness of endoscopic treatment was assessed considering clinical, endoscopic data and reduction of fluid accumulations confirmed by ultrasound and CT data. RESULTS: Among 22 patients, connection with pancreatic ductal system was detected in 3 patients (13.6%) that required pancreaticoduodenal stenting. Early postoperative period was complicated by bleeding from the area of pancreatogenic destruction in 4 patients (18.1%). Therefore, angiography and endovascular embolization of a. gastroduodenalis were required in 2 (9.1%) cases. In 1 (4.5%) case, we performed endoscopic hemostasis using Hemoblock hemostatic solution (4 ml). Combination of both methods was used in 1 (4.5%) patient. In 11 (50%) patients, endoscopic drainage was the final method of surgical treatment of necrotizing pancreatitis. Four patients (18.1%) died. Multiple organ failure caused mortality in 3 patients (13.6%). One (4.5%) patient died from severe nosocomial pneumonia developed in 32 days after drainage. Spurs not drained into the stomach with US-confirmed suspension and sequestration were observed in 11 (50%) out of 22 patients. These accumulations required additional ultrasound-assisted percutaneous drainage. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic transluminal drainage is a perspective minimally invasive method for necrotizing pancreatitis.

Density of states in locally ordered amorphous organic semiconductors: Emergence of the exponential tails.

We present a simple model of the local order in amorphous organic semiconductors, which naturally produces a spatially correlated exponential density of states (DOS). The dominant contribution to the random energy landscape is provided by electrostatic contributions from dipoles or quadrupoles. An assumption of the preferable parallel orientation of neighbor quadrupoles or antiparallel orientation of dipoles directly leads to the formation of the exponential tails of the DOS even for a moderate size of the ordered domains. The insensitivity of the exponential tail formation to the details of the microstructure of the material suggests that this mechanism is rather common in amorphous organic semiconductors.

[Endoscopic transluminal drainage of infected pancreatic necrosis]. / Endoskopicheskoe translyuminal'noe drenirovanie ostrogo zhidkostnogo skopleniya pri infitsirovannom pankreonekroze.

OBJECTIVE: To report initial experience of endoscopic transluminal drainage of infected pancreatic necrosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: There were 8 patients with acute severe pancreatitis and large-focal pancreatic necrosis who underwent transluminal drainage of destruction zones for the period from December 2018 to October 2019. RESULTS: Transluminal drainage of pancreatogenic destruction zones in acute severe pancreatitis can be considered as the only surgical approach in 50% of cases that is comparable with literature data.

Composition and strain relaxation of In x Ga1-x N graded core-shell nanorods.

Two In x Ga1-x N nanorod samples with graded In compositions of x = 0.5-0 (Ga-rich) and x = 0.5-1 (In-rich) grown by molecular beam epitaxy were studied using transmission electron microscopy. The nanorods had a wurtzite crystal structure with growth along [Formula: see text] and core-shell structures with an In-rich core and Ga-rich shell. Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis confirmed grading over the entire compositional range and showed that the axial growth rate was primarily determined by the In flux, and the radial growth rate by the Ga flux. There was no evidence of misfit dislocations due to grading, but the strain due to the lattice mismatch between the In-rich core and Ga-rich shell was relaxed by edge dislocations at the core-shell interface with Burgers vectors [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].

Diffusion of a particle in the spatially correlated exponential random energy landscape: Transition from normal to anomalous diffusion.

Diffusive transport of a particle in a spatially correlated random energy landscape having exponential density of states has been considered. We exactly calculate the diffusivity in the nondispersive quasi-equilibrium transport regime for the 1D transport model and found that for slow decaying correlation functions the diffusivity becomes singular at some particular temperature higher than the temperature of the transition to the true non-equilibrium dispersive transport regime. It means that the diffusion becomes anomalous and does not follow the usual ∝ t1/2 law. In such situation, the fully developed non-equilibrium regime emerges in two stages: first, at some temperature there is the transition from the normal to anomalous diffusion, and then at lower temperature the average velocity for the infinite medium goes to zero, thus indicating the development of the true dispersive regime. Validity of the Einstein relation is discussed for the situation where the diffusivity does exist. We provide also some arguments in favor of conservation of the major features of the new transition scenario in higher dimensions.

[Choice of surgical tactics in patients with acute cholecystitis complicated by cholelithiasis]. / Vybor taktiki khirurgicheskogo lecheniia bol'nykh s ostrym kholetsistitom, oslozhnennym kholedokholitiazom.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Comparison of the methods of surgical treatment of cholelithiasis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The work is based on the experience of treating 139 patients with acute cholecystitis complicated by choledocholithiasis from 2008 to 2016, who were on treatment of the department of acute surgical diseases of the liver and pancreas, N.V. Sklifosovsky. RESULTS: The use of percutaneous drainage of the gallbladder in an acute period can reduce complications and reduce the number of urgent video-laparoscopic cholecystectomies to 1%.

Hopping charge transport in amorphous semiconductors with the spatially correlated exponential density of states.

Hopping charge transport in amorphous semiconductors having spatially correlated exponential density of states has been considered. Average carrier velocity is exactly calculated for the quasi-equilibrium (nondispersive) transport regime. We suggest also a heuristic approach for the consideration of the carrier velocity for the non-equilibrium dispersive regime.

Comparative Monte-Carlo simulations of charge carrier transport in amorphous molecular solids as given by three most common models of disorder: The dipolar glass, the Gaussian disorder, and their mix.

We have performed Monte-Carlo simulations of the charge carrier transport in a model molecularly doped polymer using three most popular hopping theories (the dipolar glass model, the Gaussian disorder model, and an intermediate between them) in a wide range of applied electric fields and temperatures. Time of flight transients have been computed and analyzed in logarithmic coordinates to study the Poole-Frenkel field dependence, the non-Arrhenius mobility temperature dependence, and the nondispersive versus dispersive current shapes. We also have made an attempt to estimate the total disorder energy directly from simulation data at the lowest electric field thus checking the consistency of the model fitting. Computational results have been compared with the analytical and experimental information available in the literature.