RESUMO
In glioblastomas, apoptosis inhibitor proteins (IAPs) are involved in apoptotic and nonapoptotic processes. We previously showed that IAP inhibition induced a loss of stemness and glioblastoma stem cells differentiation by activating nuclear factor-κB under normoxic conditions. Hypoxia has been shown to modulate drug efficacy. Here, we investigated how IAPs participate in glioblastoma stem-like cell maintenance and fate under hypoxia. We showed that in a hypoxic environment, IAPs inhibition by GDC-0152, a small-molecule IAPs inhibitor, triggered stem-like cell apoptosis and decreased proliferation in four human glioblastoma cell lines. We set up a three-dimensional glioblastoma spheroid model in which time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analyses revealed a decrease in oxygen levels between the periphery and core. We observed low proliferative and apoptotic cells located close to the hypoxic core of the spheres and glial fibrillary acidic protein+ cells at their periphery. These oxygen-dependent GDC-0152 antitumoral effects have been confirmed on human glioblastoma explants. Notably, serine-threonine kinase activation analysis revealed that under hypoxic conditions, IAP inhibition activated ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein signaling. Our findings provide new insights into the dual mechanism of action of IAP inhibitors that depends on oxygen level and are relevant to their therapeutic application in tumors. Stem Cells 2019;37:731-742.
Assuntos
Apoptose/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Glioblastoma/genética , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Oxigênio/farmacologia , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/genética , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/metabolismo , Adrenomedulina/genética , Adrenomedulina/metabolismo , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína 3 com Repetições IAP de Baculovírus/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteína 3 com Repetições IAP de Baculovírus/genética , Proteína 3 com Repetições IAP de Baculovírus/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Anidrase Carbônica IX/genética , Anidrase Carbônica IX/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipóxia Celular/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Cicloexanos/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Glioblastoma/patologia , Humanos , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose/genética , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/patologia , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Pirróis/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais , Esferoides Celulares/efeitos dos fármacos , Esferoides Celulares/metabolismo , Esferoides Celulares/patologia , Técnicas de Cultura de Tecidos , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/genética , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/metabolismoRESUMO
Sea anemones are a remarkable source of active principles due to a decentralized venom system. New blood vessel growth or angiogenesis is a very promising target against cancer, but the few available antiangiogenic compounds have limited efficacy. In this study, a protein fraction, purified from tentacles of Anemonia viridis, was able to limit endothelial cells proliferation and angiogenesis at low concentration (14 nM). Protein sequences were determined with Edman degradation and mass spectrometry in source decay and revealed homologies with Blood Depressing Substance (BDS) sea anemones. The presence of a two-turn alpha helix observed with circular dichroism and a trypsin activity inhibition suggested that the active principle could be a Kunitz-type inhibitor, which may interact with an integrin due to an Arginine Glycin Aspartate (RGD) motif. Molecular modeling showed that this RGD motif was well exposed to solvent. This active principle could improve antiangiogenic therapy from existing antiangiogenic compounds binding on the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF).
Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese/farmacologia , Proteínas/farmacologia , Anêmonas-do-Mar/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Inibidores da Angiogênese/metabolismo , Animais , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Dicroísmo Circular , Humanos , Peso Molecular , Neovascularização Patológica/tratamento farmacológico , Neovascularização Patológica/metabolismo , Oligopeptídeos/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry technology (MALDI-TOF MS) is an innovative tool that has been shown to be effective for the identification of numerous arthropod groups including mosquitoes. A critical step in the implementation of MALDI-TOF MS identification is the creation of spectra databases (DB) for the species of interest. Mosquito legs were the body part most frequently used to create identification DB. However, legs are one of the most fragile mosquito compartments, which can put identification at risk. Here, we assessed whether mosquito thoraxes could also be used as a relevant body part for mosquito species identification using a MALDI-TOF MS biotyping strategy; we propose a double DB query strategy to reinforce identification success. METHODS: Thoraxes and legs from 91 mosquito specimens belonging to seven mosquito species collected in six localities from Guadeloupe, and two laboratory strains, Aedes aegypti BORA and Aedes albopictus Marseille, were dissected and analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Molecular identification using cox1 gene sequencing was also conducted on representative specimens to confirm their identification. RESULTS: MS profiles obtained with both thoraxes and legs were highly compartment-specific, species-specific and species-reproducible, allowing high identification scores (log-score values, LSVs) when queried against the in-house MS reference spectra DB (thorax LSVs range: 2.260-2.783, leg LSVs range: 2.132-2.753). CONCLUSIONS: Both thoraxes and legs could be used for a double DB query in order to reinforce the success and accuracy of MALDI-TOF MS identification.