Nutritional Status Link with Polioseronegativity Among Children from Poliomyelitis Transmission High-Risk Area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

Background: Malnutrition is identified as a risk-factor for insufficient polioseroconversion in the context of a vaccine-derived polio virus (VDPV) outbreak prone region. To assess the prevalence of malnutrition and its link to poliovirus insufficient immunity, a cross-sectional household survey was conducted in the regions of Haut- Lomami and Tanganyika, DRC. Methods: In March 2018, we included 968 healthy children aged 6 to 59 months from eight out of 27 districts. Selection of study locations within these districts was done using a stratified random sampling method, where villages were chosen based on habitat characteristics identified from satellite images. Consent was obtained verbally in the preferred language of the participant (French or Swahili) by interviewers who received specific training for this task. Furthermore, participants contributed a dried blood spot sample, collected via finger prick. To assess malnutrition, we measured height and weight, applying WHO criteria to determine rates of underweight, wasting, and stunting. The assessment of immunity to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 through the detection of neutralizing antibodies was carried out at the CDC in Atlanta, USA. Results: Of the study population, we found 24.7% underweight, 54.8% stunted, and 15.4% wasted. With IC95%, underweight (OR=1.50; [1.11-2.03]), and the non-administration of vitamin A (OR=1.96; [1.52-2.54]) were significantly associated with seronegativity to polioserotype 1. Underweight (OR=1.64; [1.20-2.24]) and the non-administration of vitamin A (OR=1.55; [1.20-2.01]) were significantly associated with seronegativity to polioserotype 2. Underweight (OR=1.50; [1.11-2.03]), and the non-administration of vitamin A (OR=1.80. [1.38-2.35]) were significantly associated with seronegativity to polioserotype 3. Underweight (OR=1.68; IC95% [1.10-2.57]) and the non-administration of vitamin A (OR=1.82; IC95% [1.30-2.55]) were significantly associated with seronegativity to all polioserotypes. Conclusion: This study reveals a significant association between underweight and polioseronegativity in children. In order to reduce vaccine failures in high-risk areas, an integrated approach by vaccination and nutrition programs should be adopted.

[A study of the prevalence of infectious markers in blood donors in rural areas. The case of Kamina hospital]. / Prévalence des marqueurs infectieux chez les donneurs de sang en milieu rural. Cas de l'hôpital général de référence de Kamina.

INTRODUCTION: The transmission of infectious agents such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and syphilis is the greatest threat to transfusion recipient safety. The purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of infectious markers with a view to contributing to transfusion safety by selecting donors. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the medical records ofblood donors covering the period 1 January to 31 December 2008 was conducted. The global seroprevalence of HIV HBV HCV and syphilis was, respectively, 2.9%, 1.6%, 0.2% and 0.2%. A high seroprevalence was found in the 16-25 and 46-55-year age groups, while there was a high prevalence of syphilis in the 16-25-year age group. RESULTS: The results confirm the presence of infection by hepatitis B in Kamina and provide an initial insight into the circulation of the hepatitis C virus, the HIV virus and syphilis in the blood donor population. DISCUSSION: Rigorous selection and screening procedures among blood donors are needed to ensure transfusion recipient safety.

Hesitancy to receive the novel coronavirus vaccine and potential influences on vaccination among a cohort of healthcare workers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Hesitancy to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers (HCWs) in low-resource settings, such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), is a major global health challenge. This study identifies changes in willingness to receive vaccination among 588 HCWs in the DRC and reported influences on COVID-19 vaccination intentions. Up to 25 repeated measures were collected from participants between August 2020 to August 2021. Among the overall cohort, between August 2020 and mid-March 2021, the proportion of HCWs in each period of data collection reporting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy ranged from 8.6% (95% CI: 5.97, 11.24) to 24.3% (95% CI: 20.12, 28.55). By early April 2021, the proportion reporting hesitancy more than doubled (52.0%; 95% CI: 46.22, 57.83). While hesitancy in the cohort began to decline by late-June 2021, 22.6% (95% CI: 18.05, 27.18) respondents indicated hesitancy in late-August 2021 which remains greater than the proportion of hesitancy at any time prior to early-March 2021. Patterns in reported influences on COVID-19 vaccination were varied with the proportion reporting some influences (e.g., no serious side effects, country of vaccine production) remaining stable throughout the year and other factors (e.g., recommendation of Ministry of Health, ease of vaccination) falling in popularity among respondents. Agreement that the national vaccination schedule should be followed apart from the COVID-19 vaccine remained high among respondents throughout the study period. This study shows that, among a cohort of HCWs in the DRC who have likely been influenced by regional, national, and global factors, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy has fluctuated during the pandemic and should not be treated as a static factor. Additional research to determine which factors most influence HCWs' willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine offers opportunities to reduce vaccine hesitancy among this important population through tailored public health messaging.

[Ovarian pregnancy: a case report]. / A propos d'un cas de grossesse ovarienne.

We here report a case of left ovarian pregnancy passively detected in the General Reference Hospital outpatient clinic in Dilolo, Democratic Republic of Congo. The diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasound; the patient underwent surgery with uneventful postoperative course. Pregnant women and healthcare personnel should be aware of the importance of proper clinical and echographic monitoring in pregnancy for early diagnosis of abnormal implantations.

[Frequency and Maternals risk factors of fœtal intra uterin death at Kamina, Democratic Republic of Congo]. / Fréquence et facteurs de risque maternels de la mort fœtale in utero à Kamina, République Démocratique du Congo.

INTRODUCTION: Fetal intrauterine death constitutes a frequent problem in obstetric practice. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency and to identify risk factors of fetal death at Reference General Hospital of Kamina. METHODS: The study was done in two times. First, a cross-sectional descriptive study of 379 deliveries which allowed to determine the frequency of fetal death. Then, the determination of risk factors was made using a case-control study in which the characteristics of 53 fetal deaths were compared to 106 controls constituted of live births. RESULTS: The fetal intrauterine death's frequency at Reference General Hospital of Kamina was at 13,98%. After adjustment, maternal age over 35 years (OR = 6,23; IC= (1,30-29,80)), antecedent of fetal intrauterine death (OR = 3,13; IC= (1,06-9,27)) and diseases during pregnancy (OR = 31,6, IC= [7,66-130,71]) have been identified as factors significantly associated with increased occurrence fetal death. The high maternal education (OR = 0,11; IC= (0,03-0,42)) and Kamina's residency (OR = 0,23; IC= (0,08-0,62)) decreased this risk. CONCLUSION: The frequency of fetal death was 13,9%. The advanced maternal age, the history of fetal death and disease during pregnancy was associated with fetal intra uterin death but the high maternal instruction and the Kamina residence reduced the risk. The monitoring of at-risk pregnant, screening and the treatment of diseases during pregnancy are necessary in view of reducing prevalence of fetal death in our midst.