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OBJECTIVE: Accurately predicting postoperative outcomes is fundamental to informed clinical decision making, and alignment of patient, and family expectations. The AMPREDICT Decision Support Tool is a predictive tool designed to assess the probability of mortality one year after major and minor amputations. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic accuracy of AMPREDICT in our Veteran patient population. METHODS: Retrospective review of lower extremity amputations completed at the West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs hospital from 2000 to 2020. Staged open amputations, and previous minor amputations were excluded. Using the AMPREDICT tool, the probability of mortality one-year post-surgery for single stage transfemoral and transtibial amputations was calculated, then compared with observed patient outcomes. Observed to predicted mortality was compared through boxplots, at one year after surgery, confidence intervals were calculated, and group means were compared using Students T-test. Receiver operator curves were constructed to assess discriminatory capacity of the tool. Significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: 423 patients underwent 650 lower extremity amputations during our study period. 267 patients underwent single stage transfemoral or transtibial amputations comprising our study cohort. The average age at amputation was 66 years with an average age of death at 71 years. AMPREDICT tool's prognostic capability varied across the two amputations studied. For single staged transfemoral amputations, prediction aligned closely with observed outcomes, as indicated by a significant p-value of 0.0002 (C.I. 12.73 - 36.37). For single stage transtibial amputations, the predictions were also significant, p-value 0.0017 (C.I. 5.25 - 21.20), though had a wider prediction range. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms the reliability of the AMPREDICT tool in predicting one-year mortality for patients undergoing major lower limb amputations. The predictive accuracy was found to be statistically significant for both single staged transfemoral and transtibial amputations. These findings suggest that AMPREDICT may be a valuable tool in the clinical setting for patients undergoing major lower limb amputation.
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BACKGROUND: Frailty is a known risk factor for adverse outcomes following surgery and affects at least 3 of every 10 US Veterans aged 65 years and older. We designed a study to characterize the association between frailty and complications after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) compared to open aneurysm repair (OAR) at our regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center. METHODS: Veterans who underwent either OAR or EVAR at our institution between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2020 were identified. We examined medical history, procedure characteristics, perioperative complications, and frailty as measured by the 5-factor modified frailty index (mFI-5). Frailty was defined as an mFI-5 score ≥2. Primary endpoints were postoperative complications, duration of surgery, and length of hospital stay. Tests of association were performed with t-test and chi-squared analysis. RESULTS: Over the 21-year period, we identified 314 patients that underwent abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair with 115 (36.6%) OAR and 199 EVAR (63.4%) procedures. Patients undergoing EVAR were older on average (72.1 years vs. 70.2 years) and had a higher average mFI-5 compared to the open repair group (1.49 vs. 1.23, P = 0.036). When comparing EVAR and OAR cohorts, patients undergoing OAR had a larger AAA diameter (6.5 cm, standard deviation [SD]: 1.5) compared to EVAR (5.5 cm, SD: 1.1 P < 0.0001). Fewer frail patients underwent OAR (n = 40, 34.8%) compared to EVAR (n = 86, 43.2%), and frail EVAR patients had higher AAA diameter (5.8 cm, SD: 1.0) compared to nonfrail EVAR patients (5.3 cm, SD 1.2), P = 0.003. Among OAR procedures, frail patients had longer operative times (296 min vs. 253 min, P = 0.013) and higher incidence of pneumonia (17.5% vs. 5.3%, P = 0.035). Among frail EVAR patients, operative time and perioperative complications including wound dehiscence, surgical site infection, and pneumonia were not significantly different than their nonfrail counterparts. Overall, frail patients had more early complications (n = 55, 43.7%) as compared to nonfrail patients (n = 48, 25.5%, P = 0.001). OAR patients had higher rates of postoperative complications including wound dehiscence (7.0% vs. 0.5%, P = 0.001), surgical site infections (7.0% vs. 1.0%, P = 0.003), and pneumonia (9.6% vs. 0.5%, P=<0.0001). Open repair was also associated with overall longer average intensive care unit stays (11.0 days vs. 1.6 days, P < 0.0001) and longer average hospitalizations (13.5 days vs. 2.4 days, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that frailty is associated with higher rates of adverse outcomes in open repair compared to EVAR. Patients who underwent open repair had higher rates of wound dehiscence, surgical site infection, and pneumonia, compared to those undergoing endovascular repair. Frailty was associated with larger AAA diameter in the EVAR cohort and longer operative times, with higher frequency of postoperative pneumonia in the OAR cohort. Frailty is a strong risk factor that should be considered in the management of aortic aneurysms.
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Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal , Implante de Prótese Vascular , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Fragilidade , Veteranos , Humanos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/complicações , Fragilidade/complicações , Fragilidade/diagnóstico , Deiscência da Ferida Operatória/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Implante de Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Fatores de Risco , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Veterans are disproportionately affected by housing insecurity (HI), which can lead to adverse health outcomes and reduced life expectancy. We sought to examine the impact of HI on the outcomes of veterans who underwent abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair at our regional Veterans Affairs medical center. METHODS: Retrospective chart review was performed on patients who underwent AAA repair at our institution between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2020. We examined medical history, procedure details, hospitalization course, and postoperative outcomes. Primary endpoints were a 30-day mortality and median survival. Secondary endpoints were hospital length of stay, readmission rate, and perioperative complications. Hypothesis testing was performed with t-test and chi-squared analysis. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier estimation. RESULTS: Of the 314 veterans that underwent AAA repair (mean age of 71.4 ± 7.8 years, 99.7% male) over the 21-year period, we identified 39 (12.4%) patients with a history of HI. The HI was associated with a positive smoking history (100% vs. 88.0%, P = 0.022), lower rate of hypertension diagnosis (69.2% vs. 84.0%, P = 0.024), and increased rate of surgical site infections (SSI) (10.3% vs. 1.8%, P = 0.016). The median postoperative survival was lower in the HI group (7.6 years [CI 6.0-11.2] vs. 8.9 [CI 6.9-10.3]). CONCLUSIONS: HI was associated with reduced median postoperative survival, greater readmission rate, and increased risk of SSI following AAA repair.
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Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal , Implante de Prótese Vascular , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Veteranos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Instabilidade Habitacional , Resultado do Tratamento , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/etiologia , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Fatores de Risco , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Implante de Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Most patients with acute Paget-Schroetter syndrome (PSS) present in one of two manners: (1) thrombosis managed initially with thrombolysis and anticoagulation and then referred for surgery, and (2) initial treatment with anticoagulation only and later referral for surgery. Definitive benefits of thrombolysis in the acute period (the first 2 weeks after thrombosis) over anticoagulation alone have not been well reported. Our goal was to compare patients managed with early thrombolysis and anticoagulation followed by first rib resection (FRR) and later postoperative venography with venoplasty (PTA) with those managed with anticoagulation alone followed by FRR and PTA using vein patency assessed with venography and standardized outcome measures. METHODS: We reviewed a prospectively collected database from 2000 to 2019. Two groups were compared: those managed with early thrombolysis at our institution (Lysis) and those managed with anticoagulation alone (NoLysis). All patients underwent FRR. Venography was routinely performed before and after FRR. Standardized outcome measures included Quick Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) scores and Somatic Pain Scale. RESULTS: A total of 50 Lysis and 50 NoLysis patients were identified. Pre-FRR venography showed that thrombolysis resulted in patency of 98% of veins, whereas 78% of NoLysis veins were patent. After FRR, postoperative venography revealed that 46 (92%) patients in the Lysis group and 37 (74%) patients in the NoLysis group achieved vein patency. Thrombolysis was significantly associated with final vein patency (odds ratio: 17 [4-199]; P < .001). Lysis patients had a trend toward lower QuickDASH scores from pre-FRR to post-FRR compared with NoLysis patients with a mean difference of -16.4 (±19.7) vs -5.2 (±15.6) points (P = .13). The difference in reduction of Somatic Pain Scale scores was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Thrombolysis as initial management of PSS, combined with anticoagulation, followed by FFR and VenoPTA resulted in improved final vein patency and may lead to an improved functional outcome measured with QuickDASH scores. Therefore, clinical protocols using thrombolysis as initial management should be considered when planning the optimal treatment strategy for patients with acute PSS.
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Dor Nociceptiva , Síndrome do Desfiladeiro Torácico , Trombose Venosa Profunda de Membros Superiores , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Descompressão Cirúrgica/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Dor Nociceptiva/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Nociceptiva/cirurgia , Estudos Prospectivos , Costelas/diagnóstico por imagem , Costelas/cirurgia , Veia Subclávia/cirurgia , Terapia Trombolítica/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Trombose Venosa Profunda de Membros Superiores/diagnóstico por imagem , Trombose Venosa Profunda de Membros Superiores/tratamento farmacológico , Trombose Venosa Profunda de Membros Superiores/etiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We hypothesize among patients undergoing lower extremity amputation, access to pre-, and post operative rehabilitation services; as well as improved medical care, have led to higher rates of postoperative ambulation, and improved survival. METHODS: Retrospective single center review of all major lower extremity amputations performed at the Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System from 2000-2020 stratified into multiyear cohorts. We abstracted demographics, operative indication, comorbidities, preoperative medical management, perioperative complications, discharge location, and pre and postoperative ambulatory status. Odds of ambulation after amputation were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Survival was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Multivariate logistic predictors were selected based on prior literature and clinical experience. RESULTS: We identified 654 operations in our study, noting fewer amputations performed in the latest 3 cohort years as compared to the initial cohort (2000-2004). Patients undergoing below-knee amputations (BKA) had 2.7 times (P < 0.05) greater odds of postoperative ambulation and 86% (P < 0.05) increased odds of survival compared to above-knee amputations (AKA). The odds of ambulation increased by 8.8% (P < 0.05) for each consecutive study year. Ambulation post-amputation conferred 13.2 times (P < 0.05) greater odds of survival. The odds of survival in "emergent" operations decreased by 48% (P < 0.05) compared to an "elective" operation. For each additional comorbidity, the odds of survival decreased by 18% (P < 0.05). Patients with any perioperative complication had a 48% (P < 0.05) lower odds of survival. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates demonstrated significant survival difference between patients by amputation level and postoperative ambulatory status (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Ambulatory status following distal amputation has improved over time and is significantly associated with increased survival post-amputation. Patients undergoing a BKA or discharged home were most likely to ambulate postoperatively. Amputation level, preoperative comorbidities, and perioperative complications remain strong predictors of survival.
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Veteranos , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Amputação Cirúrgica/efeitos adversos , Extremidade Inferior/cirurgia , Fatores de Risco , Complicações Pós-OperatóriasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The transaxillary approach to thoracic outlet decompression in the presence of cervical ribs offers the advantage of less manipulation of the brachial plexus and associated nerves. This may result in reduced incidence of perioperative complications, such as nerve injuries. Our objective was to report contemporary data for a series of patients with thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) and cervical ribs managed through a transaxillary approach. METHODS: We reviewed a prospectively maintained database for all consecutive patients who underwent surgery for TOS and who had a cervical rib. Symptoms, preoperative evaluation, surgical details, complications, and postoperative outcomes form the basis of this report. RESULTS: Between 1997 and 2016, there were 818 patients who underwent 1154 procedures for TOS, including 873 rib resections. Of these, 56 patients underwent 70 resections for first and cervical ribs. Cervical ribs were classified according to the Society for Vascular Surgery reporting standards: 25 class 1, 17 class 2, 5 class 3, and 23 class 4. Presentations included neurogenic TOS in 49 patients and arterial TOS in 7. Operative time averaged 141 minutes, blood loss was 47 mL, and hospital stay averaged 2 days. No injuries to the brachial plexus, long thoracic, or thoracodorsal nerves were identified. One patient had partial phrenic nerve dysfunction that resolved. No hematomas, lymph leak, or early rehospitalizations occurred. Average follow-up was 591 days. Complete resolution or minimal symptoms were noted in 52 (92.8%) patients postoperatively. Significant residual symptoms requiring ongoing evaluation or pain management were noted in four (7.1%) at last follow-up. Somatic pain scores were reduced from 6.9 (preoperatively) to 1.3 (at last visit). Standardized evaluation using shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores indicated improvement from 60.4 (preoperatively) to 31.3 (at last visit). CONCLUSIONS: This series of transaxillary cervical and first rib resections demonstrates excellent clinical outcomes with minimal morbidity. The presence of cervical ribs, a positive response to scalene muscle block, and abnormalities on electrodiagnostic testing are reliable indicators for surgery. A cervical rib in a patient with TOS suggests that there is excellent potential for improvement after first and cervical rib excision.
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Descompressão Cirúrgica/métodos , Osteotomia , Síndrome do Desfiladeiro Torácico/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica , Costela Cervical/anormalidades , Costela Cervical/cirurgia , Bases de Dados Factuais , Descompressão Cirúrgica/efeitos adversos , Avaliação da Deficiência , Feminino , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Duração da Cirurgia , Osteotomia/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Síndrome do Desfiladeiro Torácico/diagnóstico , Síndrome do Desfiladeiro Torácico/etiologia , Síndrome do Desfiladeiro Torácico/fisiopatologia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Access to surgical service is limited by provider availability and geographic barriers. Telemedicine ensures that patients can access medical care. OBJECTIVE: The objective is to describe our use of telemedicine in delivering vascular surgery services to remote locations before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review analyzing care delivered at six vascular surgery telemedicine clinics over a 22-month period. We examined vascular diagnoses, recommended interventions, referrals placed, and emergency department visits within 30 days of evaluation. We calculated travel distance saved for patients between their local clinic and our main hospital. RESULTS: We identified 94 patients and 144 telemedicine visits, with an average of 1.5 visits per patient (SD = 0.73). The most common referrals were for peripheral artery disease (20.2%) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (14.9%). Three patients were immediately referred to the emergency department due to concern for acute limb ischemia (2) or questionable symptomatic AAA (1). Telemedicine visit recommendations were distributed between no intervention (n = 30, 31.9%), medical management (n = 41, 43.6%), and surgical intervention (n = 23, 24.5%).The surgical intervention cohort was most commonly referred to arterial revascularization (n = 4), venous ablation (n = 4), and arteriovenous fistula procedures (n = 4). Fourteen patients came to our main hospital for surgery and four to local providers. Average travel distance saved per telemedicine visit was 104 miles (SD = 43.7). CONCLUSIONS: Telemedicine provided safe, efficient care during the COVID-19 pandemic and saved patients an average of 104 travel miles per visit.
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COVID-19 , Telemedicina , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Humanos , Pandemias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Telemedicina/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos VascularesRESUMO
Importance: Patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) can choose open repair or endovascular repair (EVAR). While EVAR is less invasive, it requires lifelong surveillance and more frequent aneurysm-related reinterventions than open repair. A decision aid may help patients receive their preferred type of AAA repair. Objective: To determine the effect of a decision aid on agreement between patient preference for AAA repair type and the repair type they receive. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this cluster randomized trial, 235 patients were randomized at 22 VA vascular surgery clinics. All patients had AAAs greater than 5.0 cm in diameter and were candidates for both open repair and EVAR. Data were collected from August 2017 to December 2020, and data were analyzed from December 2020 to June 2021. Interventions: Presurgical consultation using a decision aid vs usual care. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who had agreement between their preference and their repair type, measured using χ2 analyses, κ statistics, and adjusted odds ratios. Results: Of 235 included patients, 234 (99.6%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 73 (5.9) years. A total of 126 patients were enrolled in the decision aid group, and 109 were enrolled in the control group. Within 2 years after enrollment, 192 (81.7%) underwent repair. Patients were similar between the decision aid and control groups by age, sex, aneurysm size, iliac artery involvement, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score. Patients preferred EVAR over open repair in both groups (96 of 122 [79%] in the decision aid group; 81 of 106 [76%] in the control group; P = .60). Patients in the decision aid group were more likely to receive their preferred repair type than patients in the control group (95% agreement [93 of 98] vs 86% agreement [81 of 94]; P = .03), and κ statistics were higher in the decision aid group (κ = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.60-0.95) compared with the control group (κ = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.32-0.74). Adjusted models confirmed this association (odds ratio of agreement in the decision aid group relative to control group, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.10-7.70). Conclusions and Relevance: Patients exposed to a decision aid were more likely to receive their preferred AAA repair type, suggesting that decision aids can help better align patient preferences and treatments in major cardiovascular procedures. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03115346.
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Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Idoso , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Preferência do PacienteRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Thrombosis and embolization are the most frequent complications associated with the vascular presentation of thoracic outlet syndrome (VTOS). Therefore, surgery for these conditions requires careful balancing of anticoagulation and hemostasis. Our goal is to identify the optimal postoperative anticoagulation management of these patients. METHODS: A prospective database of consecutive patients who have presented to our institution with the diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome was reviewed from 1996 through 2010 for instances of postoperative hemorrhage. All venous cases were managed with transaxillary first rib resection followed by postoperative venography and percutaneous angioplasty when required. All arterial cases first underwent thrombolysis, then decompression with transaxillary first and cervical rib resection with concomitant arterial repair when indicated. RESULTS: Over the study period, 423 patients diagnosed with thoracic outlet syndrome underwent 551 procedures. Of these, 108 presented with VTOS (12 arterial and 96 venous). Mean age of the patients in the cohort was 33.7 ± 11.5 years, with 53 women and 55 men. Postoperative hemorrhage occurred in four patients (4%): three venous cases and one arterial case. Three patients required tube thoracostomy (average blood return: 800 mL) and two required video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for decortication. Age, gender, preoperative anticoagulation, interval from thrombolysis to surgery, operative duration, and operative blood loss had no effect on the risk of bleeding. No hemorrhage occurred in patients treated with postoperative coumadin alone (82 patients) or with no anticoagulant (24 patients). The four cases of hemorrhage occurred only in patients treated with postoperative low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH; 14 patients; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Postoperative hemorrhage was not a common complication of first rib resection for VTOS. In our experience, it occurred exclusively in patients receiving LMWH postoperatively. Postoperative LMWH should be used with caution in patients with VTOS.
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Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Descompressão Cirúrgica/efeitos adversos , Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular/efeitos adversos , Osteotomia/efeitos adversos , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Costelas/cirurgia , Síndrome do Desfiladeiro Torácico/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Humanos , Los Angeles , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Seleção de Pacientes , Radiografia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Síndrome do Desfiladeiro Torácico/sangue , Síndrome do Desfiladeiro Torácico/diagnóstico por imagem , Terapia Trombolítica/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Spontaneous subclavian vein (SCV) thrombosis (Paget-Schroetter syndrome [PSS]) has been attributed to venous compression at the thoracic outlet and traditionally diagnosed using venography. Intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) allows for a multidimensional view of vascular structures and might be more accurate in revealing venous compression. The goal of the present study was to compare venography and IVUS in patients presenting with PSS to assess the relative accuracy of each modality. METHODS: Patients presenting for evaluation of PSS from 2013 to 2019 were evaluated for SCV compression using venography and IVUS. Venography and IVUS measurements of stenosis were performed of the index and contralateral limbs in both neutral and stress (arm overhead) positions. The IVUS data included the SCV diameters in the anteroposterior (AP) plane, craniocaudal (CC) plane, and cross-sectional area (CSA). Stenosis was reported as the percentage of reduction from a reference point (lateral margin of the first rib) for the venography and IVUS data. RESULTS: For the 35 subjects, the average age was 35 years, 57% were women, 20% had presented with a documented pulmonary embolus, and 70% had initially been treated with thrombolysis. Venography demonstrated SCV occlusion in 3 patients (16%) with the index limb in the neutral position and in 18 patients (54%) with the limb in the stress position. The average stenosis in the index limbs was 41.5% (venography), and the average IVUS stenosis was 41.9% (CC), 61.8% (AP), and 74.5% (CSA; P < .05). A subset analysis revealed that in 10 of 35 patients (28%) in whom venography had identified no significant stenosis (average, 10%), IVUS had identified significant stenosis (33.5% CC, 54.3% AP, 68.7% CSA; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: IVUS proved more sensitive than venography in detecting significant stenosis leading to SCV thrombosis. A reduction in the CSA was the most sensitive measure of stenosis. IVUS identified significant stenosis in patients in whom venography failed to do so. The greatest utility of IVUS is in the evaluation of patients with PSS in whom venography shows no evident compression.
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Constrição Patológica/diagnóstico por imagem , Flebografia , Veia Subclávia/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção , Trombose Venosa Profunda de Membros Superiores/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In 2008, the Surgeon General made a Call to Action for the prevention of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and for the first time, the 2008 American College of Chest Physicians guidelines for treatment of acute lower extremity DVT (ALE DVT) were revised to include thrombolysis as a grade 2B recommendation. Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) therapy for patients with ALE DVT without contraindications can result in more complete clot dissolution than anticoagulation alone and may prevent the long-term sequelae of DVT. We sought to determine the percentage of inpatients with ALE DVT at a tertiary medical center who were candidates for CDT therapy and whether these patients were appropriately offered such treatment. METHODS: A hospital administrative database search from a tertiary medical center between January 2007 and December 2007 revealed 667 patient admissions associated with a diagnosis of DVT by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis codes (451-451.99, 453-453.99). Computerized hospital records were then searched for information regarding medical history, comorbidities, contraindications to thrombolysis, symptoms, imaging findings, and treatment. RESULTS: Of the 667 patient admissions, 157 (24%) had ALE DVT, 31% had upper extremity DVT, 17% carried an old diagnosis DVT, and 28% had venous thromboses in other vessels. Of those 157 patients with ALE DVT, 60 (38%) had proximal iliofemoral or extensive femoral DVT that would be candidates for thrombolysis. Of the 60 patients, only 10 (17%) had no major contraindication thrombolysis. Of these, one was offered CDT but refused treatment, four did not receive consults for thrombolysis; five (9%) were offered CDT and were treated. However, of these 60 patients, 50 (83%) patients had severe illness and major and often multiple contraindications to thrombolysis. CONCLUSION: Although the majority of patients identified in the 2007 inpatient database with ALE DVT and an absence of contraindications to thrombolysis were appropriately offered CDT therapy, patients in such a tertiary inpatient setting typically have severe medical comorbidities that precluded the use of thrombolysis. Future studies assessing the expanding role of CDT in patients with ALE DVT should focus on outpatient settings or nontertiary care hospitals, where patients are likely to have fewer contraindications to thrombolytic therapy.
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Fibrinolíticos/administração & dosagem , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Pacientes Internados , Extremidade Inferior/irrigação sanguínea , Terapia Trombolítica , Trombose Venosa/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Contraindicações , Bases de Dados como Assunto , Feminino , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Los Angeles , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Padrões de Prática Médica , Resultado do Tratamento , Recusa do Paciente ao Tratamento , Trombose Venosa/diagnósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Renal artery aneurysms (RAAs) represent a rare vascular pathology with an estimated incidence of <1%. Although an endovascular approach is being increasingly used to treat RAAs, we hypothesized that open surgical repair of RAA, specifically via aneurysmectomy with arterial reconstruction (AAR), is a safe, effective treatment, particularly for those with complex aneurysm anatomy. METHODS: A review was performed of all patients with RAA, identified by ICD-9 codes, from January 2003 to December 2008 seen at a tertiary care medical center. Data were collected regarding patient demographics, aneurysm characteristics, surgical repair, and outcomes, as well as follow-up care. RESULTS: A total of 14 patients (10 women and 4 men; mean age, 48+/-19 years) were included, representing 15 aneurysms. Ten aneurysms underwent open repair via AAR and five were followed nonoperatively. Mean RAA size was larger for those undergoing repair (2.12 cm vs. 1.62 cm, p=0.037). Seven RAAs were repaired in situ with either patch angioplasty or primary repair; three required ex vivo reconstruction; and none underwent bypass. Average operative time was similar for repair type, with a higher blood loss with ex vivo repair. Median length of stay was 5 days (range, 4 to 14 days). Operative repair had no effect on mean systolic blood pressure or GFR. This repair, however, resulted in lower medication requirement for those with concurrent hypertension (2.7 pre vs. 1.6 post, p=0.03). There was a trend toward shorter time until oral intake for retroperitoneal approach compared with transperitoneal. Mean follow-up time was 11.6 months (range, 3 to 30 months). No incidences of rupture, death, nephrectomy, or renal failure occurred in the operative group. CONCLUSION: In the era of endovascular repairs for RAAs, open repair, specifically via AAR, of RAAs remains a safe treatment with low associated morbidity. RAA repair resulted in a reduction in medications for those with associated hypertension. Open repair of RAAs should be the primary treatment modality for complex RAA, with specific consideration given to those with associated hypertension.
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Aneurisma/cirurgia , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipertensão Renovascular/tratamento farmacológico , Artéria Renal/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares , Idoso , Aneurisma/complicações , Aneurisma/diagnóstico , Aneurisma/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão Renovascular/etiologia , Hipertensão Renovascular/fisiopatologia , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Artéria Renal/fisiopatologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Males with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are at high risk of ischaemic stroke given that atherogenic risk factors for both diseases are similar. We hypothesized that neurologically asymptomatic males diagnosed with PAD would demonstrate calcified carotid artery plaques (CCAP) on panoramic images (PI) significantly more often than similarly aged males not having PAD. METHODS: Investigators implemented a retrospective cross-sectional study. Subjects were male patients over age 50 diagnosed with PAD by ankle-brachial systolic pressure index results of ≤ 0.9. Controls negative for PAD had an ankle-brachial systolic pressure index > 0.9. Predictor variable was a diagnosis of PAD and outcome variable was presence of CCAP. Prevalence of CCAP amongst the PAD+ patients was compared to prevalence of CCAP among PAD- patients. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed and p-value was set at 0.05. RESULTS: Final sample size consisted of 234 males (mean age 72.68 ± 9.09); 116 subjects and 118 controls. Among the PAD+ cohort, CCAP+ prevalence rate (57.76%) was significantly (p = 0.001) greater than the CCAP+ rate (36.44%) of the PAD- (control). There was no significant difference in atherogenic "risk factors" in the PAD+ cohort between CCAP+ and CCAP- subjects. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that CCAP, a "risk factor" for future stroke and "risk indicator" of future myocardial infarction is seen significantly more often detected on the PIs of older male patients with PAD than among those without. Dentists treating patients with PAD must be uniquely vigilant for the presence of CCAPs on their patients' PI.
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Doenças das Artérias Carótidas , Estenose das Carótidas , Doença Arterial Periférica , Radiografia Panorâmica , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose das Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Extremidade Inferior , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença Arterial Periférica/complicações , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ampullary cancer is the second most common periampullary cancer, with a resection and survival rate more favorable than that for pancreatic cancer. However, most reports have been conducted at single institutions with small sample sizes, and results may not reflect the practices and outcomes in the community. Our objective was to complete a population-based analysis of patients undergoing resection for ampullary carcinoma and compare it with outcomes in the published literature. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with ampullary cancer reported in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (1988-2003) were collected. Primary outcome was survival (5-year), and secondary outcome was stage at presentation. Comparisons were made with outcomes reported in the literature (resection rate, perioperative mortality, and 5-year survival). RESULTS: Of the 3292 ampullary cancer patients, 1301 (40%) underwent resection. Thirty-seven percent presented with stage I tumors. Perioperative mortality (30 day) was 7.6% after resection, and 5-year survival was 36.8%. Few patients died if they survived at least 5 years. The cancer registry data showed less early stage disease, higher perioperative mortality, and lower 5-year survival compared with published reports. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest population-based analysis of ampullary carcinoma. Resection rates and survival at the national level are lower, in general, compared with cancer center reports, which may have implications for regionalizing these procedures. Many patients surviving at least 5 years seem to be cured by surgical resection.
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Adenocarcinoma/mortalidade , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Ampola Hepatopancreática/cirurgia , Neoplasias do Ducto Colédoco/mortalidade , Neoplasias do Ducto Colédoco/cirurgia , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Idoso , Ampola Hepatopancreática/patologia , Neoplasias do Ducto Colédoco/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Pancreaticoduodenectomia , Análise de Sobrevida , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Synopsis Claudication from peripheral artery disease (PAD) may mimic or coexist with musculoskeletal conditions and represents an important diagnostic consideration in patients over 50 years of age. Physical therapists are optimally positioned to recognize this condition by incorporating a vascular history and physical examination in appropriately selected patients. Recognition of PAD is important both from the standpoint of addressing the ischemic risk to the limb and because PAD is associated with high cerebrovascular and cardiovascular risk. Therefore, multidisciplinary management of patients with PAD is essential. Extensive evidence supports treatment of PAD-related claudication with supervised exercise, and physical therapists are well positioned to play an important role in this treatment. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(12):957-964. Epub 9 Oct 2017. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7442.
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Claudicação Intermitente/diagnóstico , Claudicação Intermitente/terapia , Doença Arterial Periférica/complicações , Índice Tornozelo-Braço , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Humanos , Claudicação Intermitente/diagnóstico por imagem , Claudicação Intermitente/etiologia , Extremidade Inferior/fisiopatologia , Anamnese , Doença Arterial Periférica/classificação , Doença Arterial Periférica/fisiopatologia , Exame Físico , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , CaminhadaRESUMO
The causes of colorectal carcinoma are multifactorial. Numerous lines of epidemiologic evidence support the role of dietary factors, with strong associations revealed for folate and calcium, more equivocal evidence exists for dietary antioxidants. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity, alcohol in-take, and tobacco use are also positively correlated with the risk of colorectal carcinoma. Health services research examines epidemiologic issues,clinical evidence regarding prevention and treatment, patient preferences,and other factors with the goal of improving the quality of care. Observations based on epidemiologic studies and health services research will in the future provide the basis for reducing personal and social burdens caused by colorectal carcinoma.
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Neoplasias Colorretais/epidemiologia , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde , Idoso , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorretais/terapia , Feminino , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Risco , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Current scientific evidence suggests venous leg ulcers (VLUs) that do not respond to guideline-defined care may have a wound microenvironment that is out of physiological balance. A prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter trial was conducted to compare percent wound size reduction, proportions healed, pain, and quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes in patients randomized to standard care (SC) alone or SC and 40 kHz noncontact, low-frequency ultrasound (NLFU) treatments 3 times per week for 4 weeks. One hundred, twelve (112) eligible participants with documented venous stasis, a VLU >30 days' duration, measuring 4 cm2 to 50 cm2, and demonstrated arterial flow were enrolled. Of these, 81 reduced <30% in size during the 2-week run-in study phase and were randomized (SC, n = 40; NLFU+SC, n = 41). Median age of participants was 59 years; 83% had multiple complex comorbidities. Index ulcers were 56% recurrent, with a median duration of 10.3 months (range 1 month to 204.5 months) and median ulcer area of 11.0 cm2 (range 3.7 cm2-41.3 cm2). All participants received protocol-defined SC compression (30-40 mm Hg), dressings to promote a moist wound environment, and sharp debridement at the bedside for a minimum of 1 time per week. Ulcer measurements were obtained weekly using digital planimetry. Pain and QOL scores were assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment using the Visual Analog Scale and the Short Form-36 Health Survey. After 4 weeks of treatment, average wound size reduction was 61.6% ± 28.9 in the NLFU+SC compared to 45% ± 32.5 in the SC group (P = 0.02). Reductions in median (65.7% versus 44.4%, P = 0.02) and absolute wound area (9.0 cm2 versus 4.1 cm2, P = 0.003) as well as pain scores (from 3.0 to 0.6 versus 3.0 to 2.4, P = 0.01) were also significant. NLFU therapy with guideline-defined standard VLU care should be considered for healing VLUs not responding to SC alone. The results of this study warrant further research on barriers to healing and the changes occurring in the tissue of the wound to explore theories that the microenvironment impacts wounds that do not heal despite provision of guideline-defined care.
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Úlcera da Perna/diagnóstico por imagem , Úlcera Varicosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Úlcera da Perna/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade de Vida , Ultrassom/instrumentação , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard for evidence-based clinical research, but prior work has suggested that there may be poor reporting of sample sizes in the surgical literature. Sample size calculations are essential for planning a study to minimize both type I and type II errors. We hypothesized that sample size calculations may not be performed consistently in surgery studies and, therefore, many studies may be "underpowered." To address this issue, we reviewed RCTs published in the surgical literature to determine how often sample size calculations were reported and to analyze each study's ability to detect varying degrees of differences in outcomes. METHODS: A comprehensive MEDLINE search identified RCTs published in Annals of Surgery, Archives of Surgery, and Surgery between 1999 and 2002. Each study was evaluated by two independent reviewers. Sample size calculations were performed to determine whether they had 80% power to detect differences between treatment groups of 50% (large) and 20% (small), with one-sided test, alpha = 0.05. For the underpowered studies, the degree to which sample size would need to be increased was determined. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-seven RCT articles were identified; of these, 48 (38%) reported sample size calculations. Eighty-six (68%) studies reported positive treatment effect, whereas 41 (32%) found negative results. Sixty-three (50%) of the studies were appropriately powered to detect a 50% effect change, whereas 24 (19%) had the power to detect a 20% difference. Of the studies that were underpowered, more than half needed to increase sample size by more than 10-fold. CONCLUSIONS: The reporting of sample size calculations was not provided in more than 60% of recently published surgical RCTs. Moreover, only half of studies had sample sizes appropriate to detect large differences between treatment groups.
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Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Tamanho da Amostra , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios , Humanos , MEDLINE , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Projetos de PesquisaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: With the aging of the baby boomers, individuals aged 65 years and older make up the fastest-growing segment of the US population. This aging of the population will lead to new challenges for the US health care system because older individuals are the largest consumers of health care. HYPOTHESIS: The general surgery workload will increase dramatically by 2020 as a result of the aging population. DATA SOURCES: The National Hospital Discharge Survey, National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery, US Census Bureau, and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. SETTING: A nationally representative random sample of inpatient and outpatient general surgical operations performed in 1996 in the United States. METHODS: Age- and procedure-specific rates of general surgery were obtained from the National Hospital Discharge Survey and National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery. Population projections were derived from the census bureau. We used relative-value units as a proxy for surgical work. By linking these 3 data sources, we predicted the future general surgery workload by analyzing the rates of surgery and modeling both the aging and expansion of the population. RESULTS: General surgery operations (n = 63) were classified into 5 procedure categories. Whereas the population will grow by 18% between 2000 and 2020, the workload of general surgeons will increase by 31.5%. The amount of growth (19.9%-40.3%) varies among different categories of operations. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is one of the only studies to analyze the future workload of general surgery. We project a dramatic increase in workload in the next 20 years, largely as a result of the aging US population. Our baseline assumptions are relatively conservative, so this forecast may be an underestimation. Hence, the challenge for general surgeons is to develop strategies to address this problem while maintaining quality of care for our patients.
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Cirurgia Geral/estatística & dados numéricos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/estatística & dados numéricos , Carga de Trabalho/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/tendências , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The practice environment for surgery is changing. However, little is known regarding the trends or current status of inpatient surgery at a population level. HYPOTHESIS: Inpatient surgical care has changed significantly over the last 10 years. DESIGN: Longitudinal analysis of California inpatient discharge data (January 1, 1990, through December 31, 2000). SETTING: All 503 nonfederal acute care hospitals in California. PATIENTS: All inpatients undergoing general, vascular, and cardiothoracic surgery in California from January 1, 1990, through December 31, 2000, were obtained. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Volume, mean age, comorbidity profile, length of hospital stay, and in-hospital mortality were obtained for inpatient general, vascular, and cardiothoracic surgical procedures performed during the period 1990 to 2000. Rates of change and trends were evaluated for the 10-year period. RESULTS: Between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2000, 1.64 million surgical procedures were performed. The number of surgical procedures increased 20.4%, from 135,795 in 1990 to 163,468 in 2000. Overall, patients were older and had more comorbid disease in 2000 compared with 1990. Both crude and adjusted (by type of operation) in-hospital mortality decreased from 3.9% in 1990 to 2.75% (P<.001) and 2.58% (P<.001), respectively, in 2000. Length of hospital stay decreased over the period for all operations analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: The total number of inpatient general, vascular, and cardiothoracic surgical procedures has increased over the past decade. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the outcomes of care (eg, in-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay) for patients who undergo general, vascular, and cardiothoracic surgical procedures have improved. However, continued evaluations at the population level are needed.