Observation of motion of colloidal particles undergoing flowing Brownian motion using self-mixing laser velocimetry with a thin-slice solid-state laser.

We achieved a highly sensitive method for observing the motion of colloidal particles in a flowing suspension using a self-mixing laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) comprising a laser-diode-pumped thin-slice solid-state laser and a simple photodiode. We describe the measurement method and the optical system of the self-mixing LDV for real-time measurements of the motion of colloidal particles. For a condensed solution, when the light scattered from the particles is reinjected into the solid-state laser, the laser output is modulated in intensity by the reinjected laser light. Thus, we can capture the motion of colloidal particles from the spectrum of the modulated laser output. For a diluted solution, when the relaxation oscillation frequency coincides with the Doppler shift frequency, fd, which is related to the average velocity of the particles, the spectrum reflecting the motion of the colloidal particles is enhanced by the resonant excitation of relaxation oscillations. Then, the spectral peak reflecting the motion of colloidal particles appears at 2×fd. The spectrum reflecting the motion of colloidal particles in a flowing diluted solution can be measured with high sensitivity, owing to the enhancement of the spectrum by the thin-slice solid-state laser.

Selective down-regulation of Th2 cell-mediated airway inflammation in mice by pharmacological intervention of CCR4.

BACKGROUND: The chemokine receptor CCR4 has been implicated in Th2 cell-mediated immune responses. However, other T cell subsets are also known to participate in allergic inflammation. OBJECTIVE: The role of CCR4 in Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell-mediated allergic airway inflammation was investigated. METHOD: We generated an allergic airway inflammation model by adoptive transfer of in vitro-polarized ovalbumin (OVA)-specific Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. The effect of a low-molecular weight CCR4 antagonist, Compound 22, on this model was examined. RESULTS: Upon in vitro polarization of DO11.10 naïve T cells, Th1- and Th2-polarized cells dominantly expressed CXCR3 and CCR4, respectively, while Th17-polarized cells expressed CCR6 and CCR4. Intranasal OVA-challenge of mice transferred with each T cell subset induced accumulation of T cells in the lungs. Eosinophils were also massively accumulated in Th2-transferred mice, whereas neutrophils were preferentially recruited in Th1- and Th17-transferred mice. Compound 22, as well as anti-CCL17 or anti-CCL22 antibody selectively suppressed accumulation of Th2 cells and eosinophils in the lungs of Th2-transferred and OVA-challenged mice. Compound 22 also inhibited bronchial hyperresponsiveness but had little effect on goblet cell hyperplasia in Th2-transferred and OVA-challenged mice. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: There were notable differences in allergic lung inflammation mediated by different T cell subsets. CCR4 blockage was selectively effective for suppression of Th2-mediated allergic inflammation by blocking infiltration of Th2 cells.

Spatial and polarization entanglement of lasing patterns and related dynamic behaviors in laser-diode-pumped solid-state lasers.

To provide the underlying physical mechanism for formations of spatial- and polarization-entangled lasing patterns (namely, SPEPs), we performed experiments using a c-cut Nd:GdVO(4) microchip laser with off-axis laser-diode pumping. This extends recent work on entangled lasing pattern generation from an isotropic laser, where such a pattern was explained only in terms of generalized coherent states (GCSs) formed by mathematical manipulation. Here, we show that polarization-resolved transverse patterns can be well explained by the transverse mode-locking of distinct orthogonal linearly polarized Ince-Gauss (IG) mode pairs rather than GCSs. Dynamic properties of SPEPs were experimentally examined in both free-running and modulated conditions to identify long-term correlations of IG mode pairs over time. The complete chaos synchronization among IG mode pairs subjected to external perturbation is also demonstrated.

Cloning and expression analysis of YY1AP-related protein in the rat brain.

YY1AP-related protein (YARP) is a structural homolog of YY1AP, a transcriptional coactivator of the multifunctional transcription factor YY1. We cloned a rat YARP cDNA that encoded a 2256 amino acid protein with 93% homology to the human counterpart. Northern blots revealed significant expression of the YARP gene in the rat brain. In situ hybridization demonstrated its expression in neurons throughout the brain, including pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and granule cells in the dentate gyrus. YARP was coexpressed with YY1 in these same neuronal cells. However, there was no evidence of YARP expression in glia. In the developing rat brain, the level of YARP mRNA ( approximately 10 kb) peaked at embryonic day 18 and promptly declined thereafter to reach the steady-state level found in adulthood, by 14 days after birth. These results suggest that YARP functions at a late stage of neurogenesis during perinatal development of the rat brain, as well as in mature neurons.

Molecular cloning of a structural homolog of YY1AP, a coactivator of the multifunctional transcription factor YY1.

YY1 is a multifunctional transcription factor that activates or represses gene transcription depending on interactions with other regulatory proteins that include coactivator YY1AP. Here, we describe the cloning of a novel homolog of YY1AP, referred to as YARP, from the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-SH. The cloned cDNA encoded a 2240 amino acid protein that contained a domain which was 97% homologous to an entire YY1AP sequence of 739 amino acids. Two splice variants, YARP2 and YARP3, were also cloned. Northern blotting demonstrated the YARP mRNA (approximately 10 kb), which was increased 1.7-fold after dibutyryl cAMP-induced neural differentiation of the cells. Presence of YARP mRNA was also confirmed in human tissues such as the heart, brain and placenta. Bioinformatic analysis predicted various functional motifs in the YARP structure, including nuclear localization signals and domains associated with protein-protein interactions (PAH2), DNA-binding (SANT), and chromatin assembly (nucleoplasmin-like), outside the YY1AP-homology domain. Thus, we propose that YARP is multifunctional and plays not only a role analogous to YY1AP, but also its own specific roles in DNA-utilizing processes such as transcription.

Human fibrinogen gel formed by the action of a cell surface polysaccharide obtained from a Staphylococcus.

An alkali-stable polysaccharide (called compact-colony forming active substance; substance 1) obtained from the cell surface of a strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis caused gel formation of human fibrinogen, with no release of fibrinopeptides. Substance 1 possessed neither esterase nor caseinolytic activities; no inhibition of gel formation was shown by dinitrofluorophosphate. Heparin and galactose prevented gel formation of fibrinogen with substance 1. With the addition of early- and late-fibrinogen or fibrin degradation products into the fibrinogen sample, no prolongation of the gel formation time was observed. This substance is, therefore, assumed to nonenzymatically induce gel formation with fibrinogen, a process resembling paracoagulation.

Humanization of mouse ONS-M21 antibody with the aid of hybrid variable regions.

Mouse monoclonal antibody, ONS-M21, directed against human medulloblastoma cells, has been humanized by complementarity determining region (CDR) grafting. A humanized ONS-M21 VH region, comparable to the original mouse ONS-M21 VH region, was easily constructed based on framework regions (FRs) 1, 2 and 3 from human EU antibody and on FR4 from human ND antibody. Five alterations in the FRs were made at amino acids 27, 28, 29, 30 and 94 which are all part of the canonical structure for CDR1 (H1). The humanized ONS-M21 VL regions were constructed based on the FRs from human REI antibody. We first identified five amino acid residues in the FRs at positions 20, 21, 71, 73 and 87 as having a possible adverse influences on antigen binding. None of the versions with a variety of combinations at these five positions showed any bindings to antigen. In order to identify the mouse residues that must be retained in the human FRs, hybrid VL regions were constructed by joining the mouse ONS-M21 VL region and the first humanized version within CDR2. The hybrid VL regions revealed that residues in FR1 and/or FR2 were critical in creating a functional antigen binding site. Redesigning several versions with alterations in FR1 and FR2 revealed that the Pro-46 residue was the only critical residue for creating an antigen binding site. This approach should be helpful in identifying key residues in difficult cases of antibody humanization.

The humanized anti-HM1.24 antibody effectively kills multiple myeloma cells by human effector cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

A mouse monoclonal antibody, anti-HM1.24 (IgG2a/kappa), binds to a surface antigen preferentially overexpressed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells, and exhibits potent antitumor cell activity against MM cells by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). To develop an antibody-based immunotherapy against MM, a humanized anti-HM1.24 antibody, in which all FRs correspond to naturally processed human FRs, has been successfully constructed with the aid of both the hybrid variable region and two-step design methods. This humanized anti-HM1.24 antibody (IgG1/kappa) is able to effectively induce ADCC against human myeloma KPMM2 and ARH77 cells in the presence of human PBMCs as effectively as a chimeric anti-HM1.24 antibody. The humanized anti-HM1.24 antibody, therefore, could be expected as a potent immunotherapeutic agent for MM patients.

Self-administered hyperventilation cardiopulmonary resuscitation for 100 s of cardiac arrest during Holter monitoring.

An 80-year-old man remained conscious due to vigorous deep breathing during 100 s of ventricular arrest which was recorded on a Holter ECG. Arterial blood flow is considered to have been maintained by changes in intrathoracic pressure produced by deep respiratory movements. This case may represent a pure model of the "thoracic pump" mechanism.

Inhibition of platelet aggregation by a whole cell extract from strains of group B streptococcus.

A whole cell extract (HCl-Ext) from strains of group B streptococci (GBS) possessing fibrinogen binding activity prevented the platelet aggregation induced with adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), collagen and thrombin, while aggregation by epinephrine and ristocetin was slightly inhibited and arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation was not affected whatsoever. When the HCl-Ext was added after commencement of the aggregation, deaggregation was observed in cases induced by ADP, collagen, and thrombin. By precoating the washed platelets with HCl-Ext, both of ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation were suppressed. The active factor in the HCl-Ext seemed to be undialyzable, trypsin-susceptible, and proteinaceous substance, unlike GBS polysaccharide type antigen.

Myasthenia gravis, acute transverse myelitis, and HTLV-I.

We present the unusual case of a 49-year-old female carrier of HTLV-I with myasthenia gravis who presented with acute transverse myelitis. Laboratory data suggested a recent infection with varicella zoster virus and demyelination by an autoimmune process in the central nervous system. Adult T-cell leukemia-like cells were observed in the cerebrospinal fluid. T-cell-mediated immune responses modulated by HTLV-I infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis and acute transverse myelitis in this case.

A humanized single-chain Fv fragment with high targeting potential against human malignant gliomas.

A humanized ONS-M21 antibody (hM21) against human medulloblastoma and glioma cells was engineered as a single-chain Fv fragment (scFv), and its ability to internalize into tumor cells was evaluated by conjugation with ricin A. The scFv of hM21 (schM21) was easily purified from E.coli by one-step affinity column chromatography. Purified schM21 bound to a medulloblastoma ONS-76 cell with almost equal antigen-binding activity of hM21-Fab fragment. Furthermore, the schM21-ricin A conjugate inhibited the growth of ONS-76 cells, but not that of antigen-negative hepatoma HuH-7 cells, suggesting that the schM21 can be internalized after binding to antigen-positive cells. Thus, schM21 could be expected to act as a novel carrier of diagnostic and therapeutic agents for brain tumors.

Information circulation in a two-mode solid-state laser with optical feedback.

A two-mode solid-state laser subjected to a delayed optical feedback is studied. Simultaneous random switchings between stable and chaotic antiphase spiking oscillations featuring the establishment of causal (drive response) relationships among modes have been demonstrated by a proposed information circulation analysis of an experimental time series. The observed phenomenon has been well reproduced by numerical simulations of two-mode laser equations with uncorrelated modal phase fluctuations.

[Studies on sub-MIC activities of beta-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycoside antibiotics against clinically isolated strain].

Sub-MIC range of 8 kinds of beta-lactam antibiotics and 3 kinds of aminoglycoside antibiotics against strain of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical source were determined by nephlometic method, and following results were obtained. When 10 strains of S. aureus tested to ampicillin (ABPC), hetacillin (IPABPC), mecillinam (MPC), cephalexin (CEX), cefotaxime (CTX), latamoxef (LMOX), cefatrizine (CFT), cephapirin (CEPR), gentamicin (GM), dibekacin (DKB) and amikacin (AMK), ratio of MIC to MAC were 36.8, 53.6, 156.8, 29.6, 61.6, 34.4, 50.0, 111.2, 9.2, 20.0 and 13.6, respectively. When 10 strains of K. pneumoniae tested to MPC, CEX, CTX, LMOX, CFT, CEPR, GM, DKB and AMK, ratio of MIC to MAC were 409.6, 10.4, 34.4, 123.2, 39.2, 167.2, 5.2, 5.6 and 13.2, respectively. When 10 strains of P. aeruginosa tested against CTX, LMOX, GM, DKB and AMK, ratio of MIC to MAC were 16.8, 38.4, 6.8, 3.2 and 10.4, respectively.

[A 32-year-old man who developed a posterior fossa mass 12 years after the radiation therapy for cerebellar arteriovenous malformation].

We report a 32-year-old man who developed cerebellar ataxia and a posterior fossa mass 12 years after the radiation therapy for a cerebellar arteriovenous malformation (AVM). The patient was well until 19 years of the age when he had an acute onset of vertigo and vomiting. A spinal tap was performed and the CSF was bloody. He was admitted to another hospital where an arteriovenous malformation was found in the cerebellum by angiography. Four years after the onset, he developed tingling sensation in the distribution of the second division of the right trigeminal nerve. He was admitted to the neurosurgery service of our hospital where the cerebellar AVM was confirmed. He was transferred to University of California where Bragg peak stereotaxic radiotherapy was successfully performed; this utilizes high energy alpha-ray produced by a cyclotron. Three years after the radiotherapy, marked reduction in the size of the AVM was confirmed by angiography. Twelve years after the onset of his initial symptom, he noted unsteadiness of gait. He was readmitted to our neurosurgery service where obstructive hydrocephalus was found. He was treated by ventriculoperitoneal shunting and placement of a Ommaya reservoir. After these therapy, he noted marked improvement in his gait and ataxia. However, in 1993, his unsteadiness of gait recurred, and he was again admitted to our neurosurgery service on June 20, 1993. On admission, T1-weighted MRI revealed a slightly low signal intensity mass lesion in the right cerebellar hemisphere compressing the brain stem; a spotty high signal intensity lesion and another small low intensity lesion were seen within the mass. Vertebro-basilar angiograms revealed upward displacement of the superior cerebellar arteries. No arteriovenous nidus was visualized. On July, 3rd, the cyst was surgically drained and the Ommaya reservoir was removed. Post-operative course was uneventful, however, he developed head tremor after the surgery. Neurologic examination on July 20, 1993 revealed an alert and well oriented man in no acute distress. General physical examination was unremarkable. Neurologic examination revealed no dementia; higher cerebral functions appeared intact. The optic discs were flat, and visual fields were intact. Ocular movements were full but convergence was restricted. Horizontal gaze nystagmus was noted more in the right lateral gaze. Pupils were intact. Facial sensation and facial muscles were intact. Hearing was normal. His voice was of nasal quality. Pharyngeal reflex was diminished. The tongue showed deviation to the left without atrophy. Head tremor at 5 c/s was noted. He was able to stand with support but was unable to walk. No muscle atrophy or weakness was noted. The finger-to-nose and the heel-to-knee tests showed dysmetria and decomposition more on the right. Rapid alternating movements were ataxic on the right. Muscle tone was diminished on the right. Muscle stretch reflexes were normally elicited and were symmetric. The plantar response was flexor bilaterally. Sensation was intact. On July 21, a posterior fossa exploration was performed. After the surgery, he was treated with 30 mg/day of alotinolol which showed no effect on his head tremor. He was then treated with gradually increasing doses of clonazepam; when he received 8 mg/day of clonazepam, his tremor showed marked improvement. He was discussed in a neurologic CPC on the nature of the posterior fossa lesion and his tremor. Opinions were divided between delayed radiation necrosis and a radiation-induced brain tumor. The chief discussant arrived at the conclusion that the patient had delayed radiation necrosis compressing the brain stem and cerebellar hemispheres. Regarding the nature of his tremor, he thought that his head tremor was of cerebellar type of postural tremor. Histologic examination of the biopsied specimen revealed accumulation of relatively fresh blood constituents in the deep area of the cerebellum forming a mass. Most of the

[A 29-year-old man with diabetes insipidus and cerebellar ataxia and development of spinal cord swelling 15 years after the onset].

We report a 29-year-old man with diabetes insipidus and cerebellar ataxia who developed spinal cord swelling 15 years after the onset. He was well until 14 years of the age when he noted dizziness. Two years after there was an onset of gait disturbance and slurred speech. He also noted polydipsia and polyuria. He was evaluated at the neurosurgery service of our hospital when he was 17 years of the age. Neurologic examination at that time revealed memory loss, horizontal nystagmus, cerebellar ataxic gait, dysmetria and decomposition more on the left. Cranial CT scan revealed a mass lesion involving the left subthalamic region and the head of the caudate area. Spinal fluid was unremarkable, however, human chorionic gonadotropin was increased to 27 mIU/ml. He was treated by radiation therapy (3,000 rads for total brain area and 5,460 rads for focal region). His CT scan and memory loss improved, however, cerebellar ataxia was unchanged. Three years after the radiation, he started to show choreic movement in his neck and left upper extremity. He was admitted to our service in August 14, 1995 when he was 29 years of the age. On admission, he was alert but disoriented to time; calculation was also poor. Higher cerebral functions were intact. The optic fundi were normal without papilledema. Visual field appeared intact. Gaze nystagmus was observed in all the directions, but more prominent in the horizontal direction. Speech was slurred. Otherwise, cranial nerves were unremarkable. Motor wise, he showed marked truncal and gait ataxia; he was unable to walk because of ataxia. Muscle atrophy and marked weakness was noted in both upper extremities more on the left side. Deep tendon reflexes were diminished in the upper extremities but active in the lower extremities. He was polyuric; urinary specific gravity was low. Spinal fluid contained 6 cells/cmm and 113 mg/ dl of protein; Queckenstedt was positive. MRI revealed swelling of the cervical cord; in addition, the entire cervical region and the medullar oblongata appeared as high signal intensity areas. No mass lesion was noted in the supratentorial structures but the third ventricle was markedly enlarged. Surgical biopsy was performed on the cervical lesion. The patient was discussed in neurologic CPC, and the chief discussant arrived at the conclusion that the patient had germinoma with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells in the diencephalic region which appeared to have been cured by radiation therapy; he thought that the cervical lesion was the seeding of germinoma. Cerebellar ataxia was ascribed to the remote effect of germinoma. Most of the participants thought that the original tumor was germinoma and the cervical lesion was its spread. Some participants thought that his ataxia was caused by germinoma cells involving the medulla and the inferior cerebellar peduncles. Histologic observation of the biopsied tissue from the spinal cord revealed the typical two cell patterned germinoma. Most of the tumor cells were not stained for an antibody against HCG, but some tumor cells were positively stained. Germinoma is very radio-sensitive; this patient showed T2 high signal lesion involving the medulla oblongata and cervical cord continuously. Probably, tumor cells in the lower brain stem escaped radiation, and gradually spread to the spinal cord over many years. At the time of operation, the surface of the spinal cord was free from tumor cells. Therefore, tumor cells invaded the spinal cord continuously from the medulla oblongata. He was treated with cervical radiation, and his neurologic as well as radiologic findings showed marked improvement.

Na(+)-dependent uptake of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol via the transport systems for D-glucose and D-mannose in the kidney epithelial cell line, LLC-PK1.

1,5-Anhydro-D-glucitol, a 1-deoxy form of D-glucose, is one of the major polyols in human and rat blood plasma, and is regarded as a sensitive marker of glycemic control in diabetic patients. Although renal tubular reabsorption of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol is thought to maintain the physiological plasma level of this polyol, the mechanism of its cellular uptake has not yet been established. In the present study, the transport characteristics of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol in a kidney epithelial cell line, LLC-PK1, were investigated. The uptake of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol by the LLC-PK1 cell monolayers was found to be a highly Na(+)-dependent process. The initial uptake rate of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol was inhibited by the presence of D-glucose, D-mannose and methyl-alpha-D-glucoside, a nonmetabolizable D-glucose analogue. D-Mannose was taken up partially by LLC-PK1 cells in a Na(+)-dependent manner. 1,5-Anhydro-D-glucitol had an inhibitory effect on the uptake of both methyl-alpha-D-glucoside and D-mannose. Phlorizin inhibited the uptake of methyl-alpha-D-glucoside and 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, but not of D-mannose. In contrast, phloretin inhibited the uptake of both 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol and D-mannose, but not the uptake of methyl-alpha-D-glucoside. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant and maximum velocity values for 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol uptake were 29 mM and 240 pmol/mg protein/min, respectively. These findings suggest that the uptake of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol across the apical membranes of LLC-PK1 cells is mediated by the Na(+)/D-glucose cotransport system and probably by the Na+/D-mannose cotransport system.

[The role of the Na, K-ATPase inhibitor in renal sodium handling in patients with essential hypertension].

The present study aimed to elucidate the role of Na, K-ATPase inhibitor in renal sodium metabolism in essential hypertension. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate(HR), urine volume (UV), urinary excretion of sodium (UNaV), endogenous creatinine clearance (Ccr), fractional excretion of sodium (FENa), plasma renin activity(PRA) plasma aldosterone concentration(PAC), plasma noradrenaline concentration (PNA) and urinary excretion of noradrenaline(UNA) were measured before and after intravenous injection of ouabain (0.1 mg/m2.BSA) in 12 normotensive(NT) and 22 mild-to-moderate essential hypertensive subjects(EHT). Following ouabain injection, UV, UNaV FENa significantly increased, but PRA decreased, in both NT and EHT. MAP, HR, Ccr, PNA, and UNA did not change significantly in either group. On the other hand, a significant decrease in PAC was observed in NT, but not in EHT. The changes of UNaV and FENa were significantly attenuated in EHT as compared to NT. No significant difference in change of MAP, HR, UV, Ccr, PNA, UNA, or PRA was demonstrated between NT and EHT. A significantly positive correlation was found between delta UNaV and delta FENa in both NT and EHT, while no significant correlation was observed between delta UNaV and delta MAP, delta UV, delta Ccr, delta PRA, delta PAC, delta PNA and delta UNA in either group. These results suggest that 1) Na, K-ATPase inhibitor clearly augments natriuresis by suppression of sodium reabsorption in renal tubules, 2) since this augmentation was attenuated, there is an elevation of endogenous Na, K-ATPase inhibitor(s) should be considered in EHT, and 3) an increase of the inhibitor might participate to the hypertensive mechanism in EHT.

[The effects of intravenous infused magnesium on hemodynamics and renal water-sodium metabolism in patients with essential hypertension].

Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), urine volume (UV), urinary excretion of sodium (UNaV), endogenous creatinine clearance (Ccr), fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) were measured before and after intravenous infusion of 10% magnesium sulfate (an initial dose: Mg 13.5 mg/m2.BSA/15 min; a maintenance dose: Mg 2.7 mg/m2.BSA/105 min) in 6 normotensive subjects (NT) and 12 mild-to-moderate essential hypertensives (EHT). Following magnesium infusion, serum magnesium concentration (s-Mg) increased and reached the level of about 1.8 times basal value. Significant increases of UV, UNaV and FENa in both NT and EHT, and a similar tendency of Ccr in EHT were observed, while no significant change in MAP nor HR was found in the two groups. The changes in UNaV (delta UNaV) were positively correlated with those in FENa (delta FENa) and a similar tendency was shown between delta UNaV and change in Ccr (delta Ccr) in all subjects. While there was no significant percentage change of s-Mg (% delta s-Mg) nor of Ccr (% delta Ccr), those of UNaV (% delta UNaV) and FENa (% delta FENa) were significantly greater in EHT. It is concluded from these findings that magnesium infusion produces diuresis and the natriuresis which might result from suppression of renal tubular reabsorption of sodium, without any change in systemic hemodynamics in NT and EHT. The pronounced natriuretic response to magnesium in EHT might contribute to the hypotensive mechanism of magnesium loading in EHT.

[Effects of intravenously infused magnesium on renal calcium metabolism and plasma parathyroid hormone in patients with essential hypertension].

This study aimed to elucidate the effects of intravenously infused magnesium on renal calcium and sodium metabolism in patients with essential hypertension. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), urine volume (UV), endogenous creatinine clearance (Ccr), urinary excretion of calcium (UCaV) and sodium (UNaV), fractional excretion of calcium (FECa) and sodium (FENa), plasma ionized calcium (pCa2+) and parathyroid hormone(PTH) were measured before and after intravenous infusion of 10% magnesium sulfate (initial dose: Mg 13.5mg/m2.BSA/15 min.: maintenance dose: Mg 2.7mg/m2.BSA/105min) in 6 normotensive subjects (NT) and 13 mild-to-moderate essential hypertensives (EHT). After the magnesium infusion, significant increases of UV, UCaV, UNaV, FECa and FENa, and a significant decrease of PTH were observed in both NT and EHT while MAP and HR did not change in either group. PCa2+ significantly decreased and Ccr tended to increase only in EHT. Although no significant difference was found in the change in Ccr (delta Ccr) or PTH (delta PTH) between NT and EHT, the changes of UCaV (delta UCaV), UNaV (delta UNaV), FECa (delta FECa) and FENa (delta FENa) were greater in EHT than each in NT. A positive correlation was found between delta UCaV and delta FECa, as well as delta UCaV and delta Ccr, but the former was more remarkable in both groups. In addition, delta UCaV was positively correlated with delta FENa in EHT, but not in NT. No significant relationship was observed between delta UCaV and delta PTH in either group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)