RESUMO
BACKGROUND/IMPORTANCE: Chronic pain affects many people globally, requiring alternative management strategies. Psilocybin is gaining attention for its potential in chronic pain management despite being classified as Schedule I. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review critically evaluates the evidence for psilocybin, a Schedule I substance, in the treatment of chronic pain. The exact purpose of the review is to assess the impact of psilocybin on chronic pain relief, focusing on dosing protocols, treated conditions, and patient outcomes. EVIDENCE REVIEW: A comprehensive review of PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE was conducted up to January 2024. Eligibility criteria included studies evaluating psilocybin for chronic pain management. The risk of bias was assessed using the MASTER (MethodologicAl STandards for Epidemiological Research) scale, and the strength of evidence was graded using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation). FINDINGS: The review identified 28 relevant studies focusing on dosing, treated conditions, and outcomes. The majority of the included studies (76.2%) were of low or very low quality. Several studies with moderate-to-low-quality evidence utilized a 0.14 mg/kg dosing protocol. The findings suggest promise for the use of psilocybin in chronic pain relief, though the quality of evidence is generally low. CONCLUSIONS: The current research shows potential for psilocybin as a treatment option for chronic pain relief. However, methodological issues and a lack of high-quality evidence underscore the need for further investigations with standardized protocols. Despite these limitations, the potential for psilocybin in chronic pain management is encouraging. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023493823.
RESUMO
Multiple public health problems have been caused by various coronavirus strains over the last few years, such as the middle eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and COVID-19. COVID-19, which is also known as coronavirus disease 2019, was first detected in Wuhan, China, and has significantly impacted people's health and lives. Additionally, it has led to a pandemic, and the virus has spread to over 121 countries worldwide. There is numerous information available regarding this virus. A detailed and extensive study of the morphological and histopathological findings will help understand and diagnose the disease. As it is a new disease, it is challenging to understand the mechanism of the action and disease pathology due to the limited availability of data from autopsies or biopsies. However, as the detailed mechanism of injury remains unclear, this paper aims to review the postmortem gross and histopathological findings of various organs that have been affected with coronavirus, focusing on the pulmonary, cardiac, and hematologic findings. This paper emphasizes the postmortem findings of the effect of the coronavirus disease on multiple organ systems. Advance search of the keywords on PubMed was used, limiting the search to the last five years. The eligible article is narrowed based on relevance containing postmortem findings of the novel virus; COVID-19. A total of 25 full-text articles were selected and used in the review of this paper.